Untitled

More documents

Recommendations

Info

424 EAST ASIA. Tongking, means "Eastern Capital," and dates only from the year 1869, when it became the residence of the Mikado. Nothing existed in this region except fishing and rural villages until the close of the sixteenth century, when Toku-gava Yeyas, founder of the last Shogun dynasty, built his stronghold here. Under one of his successors all the daimios were ordered to reside in Yedo for half the year, and to leave their families and most of their household in the place, as hostages for their good behaviour. A multitude of nobles, soldiers, employes, and retainers of all sorts thus came to be grouped round the hill on which stood the palace of the Shogun. Trade followed in their wake, and at the height of its prosperity, about the middle of the present century, Yedo certainly contained over a million inhabitants. In- cluding the 800,000 armed retainers and attendants of the daimios, some authorities have estimated their numbers as high as 2,000,000 and even 2,500,000. But the civil wars, the departure of many nobles with their households, and the commercial ruin caused by the fires and massacres, reduced a large part of Tokio to a wilderness. But with the return of peace it has gradually recovered, and is now perhaps nearly as populous as under the Shogun regime. Its commercial and industrial pre- eminence is at the same time insured by its position as capital of the Empire. Covering about as much space as Paris within the fortifications, Tokio occupies the north-west extremity of the bay at the mouth of the Sumida-gava, which is here connected with the Tone-gava by the Yedo-gava branch of that river. It is en- circled south, west, and north, by low wooded hills, while a central eminence, sur- rounded by grey walls and a moat 3| miles in circuit, is crowned by the On-siro, or " Noble Castle," formerly residence of the Shoguns, now of the Mikado. The old dwellings of the daimios have been mostly converted into government offices and schools, and beyond this middle zone, also enclosed by walls and canals, stretches the city properly so called. The busiest commercial quarter lies eastwards, between the Siro and the mouth of the " Kava," where stands the " Bridge of the " Rising Sun {Nip-pon Bail), regarded as the central point of all the imperial highways. Here the Ginza boulevard has already begun to assume the aspect of a European city. Within a small space, handsome brick houses stretch in a continuous line, broken elsewhere by gardens, tea and mulberry plantations, and clusters of cryptomerirc. But most of the 250,000 houses are still constructed in the old native style. During the day these little houses, with their black tiled roofs and white ledges, are open to the street, showing the kamidana, or sacred images and ancestral tablets, disposed on their stands of honour. In a country like Japan, where earthquakes are so frequent, these frail bamboo and cardboard structures are much safer than stone buildings, but are also far more liable to the risk of fire. They are supposed to have an average existence of about six years, and " fire," says a local proverb, " is the blossom of Yedo." At the first signal of alarm the more costly objects are carried off to the nearest fire-proof warehouses erected against such contingencies. Some 10,000 houses were consumed by a conflagration in 1879. But a far more terrible fire broke out in the year 1G57, when as many as 107,000 persons are said to have perished in the flames. Over 500 palaces of the daimios, 770 residences of other nobles and officials, 350 temples, and 1,200 streets of common houses were
TOPOGEAPHY OF NIP-PON. 425 destroyed on this occasion. In 1668 there was another great fire, which consumed nearly the whole of the city. Tokio has also suffered greatly from earthquakes, epidemics, typhoons, and floodings. The earthquake of 1703 is said to have destroyed over 37,000 souls, and no- less than 190,000, chiefly of the poorer classes, were swept away by the fearful epidemic of 1773. On the llth of November, 1855, fig. 198. MONSTBK BELL m THE SIIIA UUAUTER, TOKIO. the last great earthquake took place, and on this occasion over 14,000 dwellinghouses, besides 16,000 fire- proof " Godowns," were levelled to the ground. The loss of life was estimated at over 100,000, but there is no trustworthy authority for these numbers, nor, in fact, for any of the statistics of lives lost during similar disasters in former times. Tokio may be described as an aggregate of about one hundred small towns and 60
Page 2 and 3:
. > > ^ ' V >? > * > > . >> > ; > >
Page 4 and 5:
. . < : \ '
Page 7:
THE EARTH AND ITS INHABITANTS. ASIA
Page 10 and 11:
iv CONTENTS. TAGS p. 192. Basin of
Page 12 and 13:
EAST ASIA. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. I
Page 14 and 15:
Vlll 173. Gulf of Simoda and Oho-si
Page 16:
2 EAST ASIA. EAST AND WEST CONTRAST
Page 20 and 21:
4 EAST ASIA. re-ions were in the po
Page 22 and 23:
6 EAST ASIA. " Snowy Mountains," wh
Page 24 and 25:
EAST ASIA. FOREIGN INFLUENCE RUSSIA
Page 26 and 27:
10 EAST ASIA. already been opened i
Page 28 and 29:
12 But it may be asked, EAST ASIA.
Page 30 and 31:
14 EAST ASIA. meanino- strength," o
Page 32 and 33:
1(J EAST ASIA. surveyors the presen
Page 34 and 35:
18 EAST ASIA. Kuen-lun surpasses th
Page 36 and 37:
20 EAST ASIA. plateau between the O
Page 38 and 39:
22 EAST ASIA. 15 to 24 miles. The p
Page 40 and 41:
24 EAST ASIA. the Upper Yarkand val
Page 42 and 43:
26 EAST ASIA. which the present lak
Page 44 and 45:
og EAST ASIA. the main head-stream
Page 46 and 47:
80 Fisr. 11. LAKE PALTI. Scale 1 :
Page 48 and 49:
82 EAST ASIA. But however this be,
Page 50 and 51:
34 favour of the Dihong, EAST ASIA.
Page 52:
86 EAST ASIA. basin limited by the
Page 55 and 56:
HEAD-WATERS OP TUE GREAT INDO-CHINE
Page 57 and 58:
CLIMATE. 89 snow. On the southern s
Page 59:
a M p 3 fc I o H i
Page 62 and 63:
42 EAST ASIA. The more or less mixe
Page 64 and 65:
44 EAST ASIA. BUDDHISM. Tibet is th
Page 66 and 67:
46 Pig. 18. TIHETAN AMUIET. EAST AS
Page 68 and 69:
48 EAST ASIA. During the present ce
Page 70:
50 and thrown into the stream. EAST
Page 73 and 74:
TOPOGEAPHY. 51 here is the temporar
Page 75:
7. B Hr- fe H
Page 78 and 79:
54 EAST ASIA. salt, wool, and borax
Page 80 and 81:
56 EAST ASIA. ADMINISTRATE PENAL CO
Page 82 and 83:
turn a passing celebrity. CHAPTER I
Page 86 and 87:
Scale 1:11.000.000 Ihf JfnU cxpreia
Page 89 and 90:
PEOGBESS OF DISCOVERY. 59 while Bud
Page 93 and 94:
THE YABKAND AND KASHGAB. 61 congeal
Page 95 and 96:
the village of Abdalli, close to it
Page 97 and 98:
THE TAKLA-MAKAN DESERT. 65 Turkesta
Page 99 and 100:
INHABITANTS THE KASHGAEIANS. 67 and
Page 101 and 102:
BOUTES AND PASSES. 69 which seem to
Page 103 and 104:
TOPOGRAPHY ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
Page 107 and 108:
TOPOGRAPHY ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
Page 109 and 110:
CHAPTER IV. MONGOLIA. I. THE KUKU-N
Page 111 and 112:
LAKE KUKU. 77 Prjevalsky, which bre
Page 113 and 114:
INHABITANTS-THE TANGTJTANS. 79 the
Page 117 and 118:
CLIMATE AND RAINFALL. 81 mediate so
Page 119 and 120:
TOPOGRAPHY. 83 broad, connects Chin
Page 121 and 122:
TOPOGRAPHY. 85 invaded by the sands
Page 123 and 124:
TOPOGRAPHY. 87 its eastern extremit
Page 125 and 126:
HISTORICAL EOUTES. 89 continent, an
Page 128 and 129:
'. os K c 1 IB O H
Page 130 and 131:
92 EAST ASIA. the These are plains.
Page 132 and 133:
94 EAST ASIA. most densely peopled
Page 134 and 135:
96 EAST ASIA. 1,200 square miles, b
Page 136 and 137:
98 EAST ASIA. some places to 4,500
Page 138 and 139:
!00 EAST ASIA. the Pecha, a mountai
Page 140 and 141:
102 EAST ASIA. THE GREAT WALL. The
Page 142 and 143:
104 EAST ASIA. chaos of conflicting
Page 144 and 145:
106 EAST ASIA. features, prominent
Page 146 and 147:
108 EAST ASIA. The liturgical works
Page 148 and 149:
HO EAST ASIA. wards. The whole regi
Page 150 and 151:
112 EAST ASIA. of it stretches a ch
Page 152 and 153:
114 EAST ASIA. wine, milk, kumis, a
Page 154 and 155:
116 EAST ASIA. In any case any conv
Page 156 and 157:
118 EAST ASIA. with myriads of swal
Page 158:
120 EAST ASIA. to the country an al
Page 161 and 162:
INHABITANTS THE MANCHUS. 121 burn t
Page 163 and 164:
TOPOGRAPHY. 123 and settled element
Page 165 and 166:
TOPOGRAPHY. 125 which are here buil
Page 167 and 168:
" TOPOGRAPHY. 127 tombs of the ance
Page 171:
. vTi"i o w s ..
Page 174 and 175:
180 EAST ASIA. " Book of Annals," r
Page 176 and 177:
182 EAST ASIA. under favouraole con
Page 178 and 179:
184 EAST ASIA. the former to the no
Page 180 and 181:
136 EAST ASIA. representing the tro
Page 182 and 183:
13s EAST ASIA. respect they have re
Page 184 and 185:
14 Q and balloon respectively. EAST
Page 186 and 187:
142 EAST ASIA. No revelation having
Page 188 and 189:
!44 the living. EAST ASIA. The Chin
Page 190 and 191:
146 EAST ASIA. Buddhism offered its
Page 192 and 193:
148 EAST ASIA. Ningpo, have all die
Page 194 and 195:
150 EAST ASIA. Compared with their
Page 196 and 197:
152 EAST ASIA. " Prester John," whi
Page 198 and 199:
154 EAST ASIA. recognise in them a
Page 200 and 201:
150 EAST ASIA. disgrace all previou
Page 202 and 203:
158 EAST ASIA. are also bought by t
Page 204 and 205:
160 EAST ASIA. nation is quickened
Page 206 and 207:
162 EAST ASIA. opinion, it was prob
Page 208 and 209:
164 EAST ASIA. way somewhat abruptl
Page 212 and 213:
^t-y-^ *lHoAn-o\m ,V r re-nan *&i\.
Page 215 and 216:
TOPOGRAPHY PEKING. 165 Peking stand
Page 217 and 218:
TOPOGRAPHY PEKING. 167 The northern
Page 219 and 220:
TOPOGRA PHY PEKING. 169 Polo, when
Page 221 and 222:
TOPOGRAPHY PEKING. 171 nearly all i
Page 225 and 226:
TOPOGRAPHY. 173 the Kai'ping coal m
Page 227 and 228:
TOPOGRAPHY. places, and palanquin b
Page 229 and 230:
TOPOGRAPHY. 177 north of the town,
Page 231 and 232:
THE HOANG-HO BASIN. 179 river flowi
Page 233 and 234:
THE HOANG-HO BASIN. 181 Below these
Page 235 and 236:
THE HOANG-HO BASIN. 183 Emperor Kic
Page 237 and 238:
THE GRAND CANAL AND LOWER HOANG-HO.
Page 239 and 240:
THE TSING-LING AND OTHER RANGES. 18
Page 241 and 242:
THE YELLOW LANDS. 189 north-easterl
Page 243:
- a (N a! Ed a a z Id
Page 246 and 247:
192 EAST ASIA. Shantung, Shansi, Sh
Page 249 and 250:
TOPOGRAPHY. 103 North of Sining-fu
Page 251 and 252:
TOPOGRAPHY. 195 trends eastward, Tu
Page 253 and 254:
BASIN OF THE YANG-TZE-KIANO. 197 he
Page 255 and 256:
THE UPPER YANG-TZE AND MIN. 199 tos
Page 257 and 258:
THE MIDDLE YANG-TZE AND HAN-KIANG.
Page 261 and 262:
LAKE POYANG AND THE LOWER TANG-TZE.
Page 263 and 264:
SECHUEN HIGHLANDS 205 northwards to
Page 265 and 266:
SECHUEN HIGHLANDS. 207 plateau, the
Page 267 and 268:
INHABITANTS OF SECHUEN. THE SI-FAN.
Page 269 and 270:
THE MANTZE, LOLO, AND CHINESE OF SE
Page 271 and 272:
THE MANTZE, LOLO, AND CHINESE OF SE
Page 273 and 274:
THE MIAOTZE. 215 Hundred Families,"
Page 275 and 276:
HUNAN, KIANGSI, AND CHEKIANGK 217 t
Page 277 and 278:
INHABITANTS OF THE LOWER YANG-TZE B
Page 280 and 281:
CHINESE MIN3RS-UPPER YANG-TZE HIGHL
Page 282 and 283:
222 EAST ASIA. walls and most of th
Page 284 and 285:
224 time and labour. drove the inno
Page 286:
226 EAST ASIA. The exports consist
Page 289 and 290:
TOPOGRAPHY. 227 Lake Tungting. On a
Page 292 and 293:
jjai II " > fv - f fflM/V r j V3 8
Page 294 and 295:
230 EAST ASIA. (ChangJ, and at the
Page 296 and 297:
232 EAST ASIA. Shanghai, the neares
Page 298 and 299:
284 EAST ASIA. station, which also
Page 300 and 301:
286 EAST ASIA. Five miles south-wes
Page 303 and 304:
TOPOGRAPHY. 287 quoted proverb. The
Page 305 and 306:
TOPOGRAPHY. 289 vated lands on the
Page 308 and 309:
I . -
Page 310:
242 EAST ASIA. disyllabic compounds
Page 313 and 314:
TOPOGRAPHY. 243 islets, and complet
Page 315 and 316:
TOPOGRAPHY. 245 Fokien, and is stil
Page 317 and 318:
BASIN OP THE SI-KIANG. 247 round ab
Page 320 and 321:
Sbangtchouen L(S', 113'E.of Gr. '~
Page 323 and 324:
THE CANTON DELTA. 249 in 1722 Gaubi
Page 325 and 326:
INHABITANTS OF SOUTH CHINA. 251 INH
Page 327 and 328:
TOPOGRAPHY. 253 estuaries. The Chin
Page 329 and 330:
TOPOGRAPHY. 255 porcelains, and mar
Page 331 and 332:
HONG KONG. 257 Nearly all the trade
Page 333 and 334:
MACAO. 259 shipping in the roadstea
Page 335 and 336:
MACAO. 261 connected with the mainl
Page 337 and 338:
YUNNAN. 263 and although no Europea
Page 339 and 340:
YUNNAN. 265 was again visited by Fr
Page 341 and 342:
INHABITANTS OF YUNNAN. 267 arrows d
Page 343 and 344:
TOPOGRAPHY. 269 besides Lolo, Pai,
Page 345:
H R M p Q i fel BE B
Page 348 and 349:
272 EAST ASIA. and has some large m
Page 350 and 351:
274 EAST ASIA. a hand, whose finger
Page 352 and 353:
276 EAST ASIA. between Ningpo and C
Page 354 and 355:
278 EAST ASIA. thickets, which flou
Page 356:
280 EAST ASIA. periods been known t
Page 360 and 361:
232 EAST ASIA. TangsJnti), near the
Page 362 and 363:
284 EAST ASIA. extent and very moun
Page 364 and 365:
286 EAST ASIA. same way furnished w
Page 366 and 367:
288 EAST ASIA. the inhabitants of t
Page 368 and 369:
290 EAST ASIA. to which the field i
Page 370 and 371:
202 EAST ASIA. tea the Russians usu
Page 372 and 373:
294 EAST ASIA. minister Wangmang, a
Page 374 and 375:
290 EAST ASIA. marvellous texture a
Page 376:
298 EAST ASIA. that has never been
Page 380 and 381:
300 EAST ASIA. habits They even com
Page 382 and 383:
302 EAST ASIA. But the hard conditi
Page 384 and 385:
804 EAST ASIA. Rice is brought chie
Page 386 and 387:
306 EAST ASIA. follow this line, wh
Page 388 and 389:
308 EAST ASIA. circumambient genii.
Page 390 and 391:
810 EAST ASIA. is seldom granted. E
Page 392 and 393:
812 EAST ASIA. THE NEW IDEAS SOCIAL
Page 394 and 395:
814 EAST ASIA. succeed in again rev
Page 396:
816 EAST ASIA. According to law, Lu
Page 399 and 400:
LIMITATIONS OF THE IMPERIAL AUTHORI
Page 401 and 402:
PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS. 321 competitor
Page 403 and 404:
THE MANDAEINS. 828 conic in shape,
Page 405 and 406:
- " ' THE MANDARINS. Fig. 153. VAGR
Page 407 and 408:
PENAL CODE. 827 murder of mandarins
Page 409 and 410:
THE AEMY. 829 men are not required
Page 411 and 412:
THE CTJKRENCY. 831 and other defens
Page 413 and 414:
ADMINISTEATIVE DIVISIONS. 883 " It
Page 415 and 416:
KOREA. S35 whole peninsula, under t
Page 417 and 418:
PfiOGEESS OF DISCOVERY FOREIGN EELA
Page 419 and 420:
PHYSICAL FEATURES GEOGRAPHIC SYSTEM
Page 421 and 422:
MINERAL WEALTH-FLORA AND FAUNA CLIM
Page 423 and 424:
MINERAL WEALTH FLORA AND FAUNA CLIM
Page 425:
KOREAN MANDAKINS.
Page 428 and 429:
816 EAST ASIA. unintelligible to ev
Page 430 and 431:
848 EAST ASIA. HABITS AXD CUSTOMS T
Page 432 and 433:
a 50 EAST ASIA. question, they trea
Page 434 and 435:
852 EAST ASIA. and his letter of is
Page 436:
354 EAST ASIA. is here crossed by a
Page 442 and 443:
356 EAST ASIA. of the Pacific and R
Page 444 and 445:
358 Nip-pon. EAST ASIA. " The origi
Page 446 and 447:
360 EAST ASIA. Since the recent cha
Page 448 and 449:
362 EAST ASIA. islets, which arc th
Page 450 and 451:
864 EAST ASIA. relief of the land h
Page 452 and 453:
366 EAST ASIA. innumerable channels
Page 454 and 455:
368 EAST ASIA. Fig. n' i ^ " --^ ^_
Page 456 and 457:
370 EAST ASIA. villages in this dis
Page 459 and 460:
THE HIGHLANDS OP SOUTH HONDO. 871 i
Page 463 and 464:
LAKE BIVA. 873 bubblings everywhere
Page 465 and 466:
THE INLAND SEA. 875 THE INLAND SEA.
Page 467 and 468:
THE ISLAND OP SIKOK. 377 parallel w
Page 469 and 470:
THE ISLAND OP KIU-SIU. 879 miles fr
Page 473 and 474:
THE BITJ-KIU (LU-CHU) AND GOTO AECH
Page 475 and 476:
TI1E EIU-KIU (LU-CHU) AND GOTO ARCH
Page 477 and 478: THE EIU-KIU (LU-CHU) AND GOTO AECH1
Page 479: JAPANESE PEASANTRY.
Page 482 and 483: 888 EAST ASIA. Notwithstanding the
Page 484 and 485: 890 EAST ASIA. constitution, and is
Page 486 and 487: 392 EAST ASIA. whole, the flowers a
Page 488 and 489: 891 EAST ASIA. red face, differing
Page 490: 398 EAST ASIA. Compared with Europe
Page 493 and 494: INHABITANTS THE AINOS. 397 neighbou
Page 495 and 496: INHABITANTS THE AINOS. 899 pikes an
Page 497 and 498: THE PRESENT JAPANESE EACE. 401 curr
Page 499 and 500: THE PRESENT JAPANESE EACE. 408 whol
Page 501 and 502: THE PRESENT JAPANESE BACE. 405 indo
Page 503 and 504: THE PRESENT JAPANESE EACE. 407 powe
Page 506 and 507: f ' Vi m i - ' CO 5 6 05 a CL, 3
Page 508 and 509: 410 EAST ASIA. which if not " lumin
Page 510 and 511: 412 EAST ASIA. under exceptional co
Page 512 and 513: 414 EAST ASIA. Fi>. 192. BunimtxT T
Page 514 and 515: 416 EAST ASIA. respects from all th
Page 516 and 517: 418 EAST ASIA. the sun warms the ea
Page 518 and 519: 420 EAST ASIA. to the south-west li
Page 520: 422 EAST ASIA. the curiosities of t
Page 524 and 525: irazaki KOFOU (YAMAN */ nMm Misima
Page 527: TOPOGRAPHY OF NIP-PON. 423 to the b
Page 531 and 532: TOPOGRAPHY OE NIP-PON. to avenge th
Page 535 and 536: TOPOGRAPHY OF NIP-PON. 429 interior
Page 537 and 538: TOPOGRAPHY OF NIP-PON. 431 woods, p
Page 539 and 540: TOPOGRAPHY OP NIP-PON. 433 when Pri
Page 541 and 542: TOPOGRAPHY OF NIP-PON. 485 capitals
Page 543 and 544: TOPOGEAPHY OF NIP-PON. 437 of the O
Page 545 and 546: TOPOGRAPHY OF NIP-PON. 489 even rai
Page 547 and 548: TOPOGEAPHY OF SIKOK, KIU-SIU, AND E
Page 551 and 552: TOPOGRAPHY OP S1KOK, KIU-SIU, AND E
Page 553 and 554: THE BONIN AECHIPELAGO. 445 clature
Page 555 and 556: EICE AND TEA CULTUKE. 447 interveni
Page 557 and 558: RICE AND TEA GUI/TUBE. 449 " Tea is
Page 559 and 560: LAND TENURE MINING INDUSTRY. 451 Fi
Page 561 and 562: MANUFACTURES JAPANESE ART PORCELAIN
Page 563 and 564: LACQUER-WAKE AND PAPER. LACQUER-WAR
Page 565 and 566: LACQUEB-WABE AND PAPER. 457 leather
Page 567 and 568: LACQUER-WARE AND PAPER. 459 style o
Page 569 and 570: LACQUEE-WARE AND PAPEE. 461 most of
Page 571 and 572: FOEEIGN TEADE. 4C3 when he next ent
Page 573 and 574: FOREIGN TRADE. 466 During the last
Page 575 and 576: BOADS KAILWAYS-TELEGBAPHS. 467 mode
Page 577 and 578: LITERATURE AND PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
Page 579 and 580:
HISTORIC RETROSPECT THE REVOLUTION.
Page 581 and 582:
ADMINISTRATION. 473 ADMINISTRATION.
Page 583 and 584:
FINANCE-MINT AEMY AND NAVY. year 18
Page 585 and 586:
STATISTICAL TABLES. Area in sq. Est
Page 587 and 588:
NUMBER op CHINESE SETTLED ARROAD. B
Page 589 and 590:
Province of I T? ThiUikhar. itiikha
Page 591 and 592:
CIRCUIT or TOSAN-DO STATISTICAL TAB
Page 593 and 594:
Abdalli, 63 Aberdeen (Hong Kong), 2
Page 595 and 596:
Hida Mountains, 372 Hion- fung, Mou
Page 597 and 598:
Melville, 383 Menghoa-hien, 271 Men
Page 599 and 600:
Tadum, 30, 61 Ta-hu, Lake, 204 Taic
Page 602:
^ jrgX
Page 605:
-^ 3> .\ g '--J>' > --T > > " ' ' '
show all

Untitled

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?