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Mongolia, dates only from the year TOPOGRAPHY. 229 1879. The teas intended for Russia are shipped at Shanghai either directly for Odessa or for Tientsin, whence they are taken by caravan to Kalgan and Kiakhta. Hankow is destined one day to be the terminus of the highway from the Upper Irtish through Kansu to the Yang-tze- kiang basin. Negotiations have already been set on foot with a view to the open- ing of this route, which will itself be replaced sooner or later by the great Central Asiatic trunk line of railway. Meantime the direct seaward trade of Hankow is represented by over fifteen hundred vessels, with a tonnage of nearly a million, of which less than one-half is Chinese, and most of the rest British. Along the banks of the Han the chief ports are Hanchung-fn, a former imperial capital ; Sinpu-iran, noted for its steel works ; Chichiatien, Fig. 103. HANKOW AND SURROUNDING LAKKS. Scale 1 : 3,750.000. 60 Miles at the head of the navi- gation, over 4 miles in circumference ; Laoho-kow, with a large cotton trade ; and 54 miles lower down the twin cities of Siangyang-fii and Faiig-cln-ng, on the right and left banks respectively, near the confluence of the Tang-ho and Pei-ho, which give access to the rich plains of Honan and the Hoang-ho basin. Midway between Faog-ehe&g and Hankow is the busy port of Sluii/iiiiij-chcii, where Riehthofen saw as many as five hundred large junks moored to the quays. Most of these places stand at some distance from the Han to avoid its disastrous floodings. Below Hankow the narrow rocky peninsula between Lake 1'oyang and the Yang-tZfl is occupied by Klti-kiiin/j, or the " City ol' the Nine Rivers," which does a IttTgC trade in tea and tobacco, and where there is a European quarter, protected like that of Hankow by a strong embankment of recent erection. Ndiichiuiij, capital of Kiangsi, lies in a fertile plain at the head of the delta of the Kia-kiang
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THE EARTH AND ITS INHABITANTS. ASIA
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iv CONTENTS. TAGS p. 192. Basin of
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EAST ASIA. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. I
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Vlll 173. Gulf of Simoda and Oho-si
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2 EAST ASIA. EAST AND WEST CONTRAST
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4 EAST ASIA. re-ions were in the po
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6 EAST ASIA. " Snowy Mountains," wh
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EAST ASIA. FOREIGN INFLUENCE RUSSIA
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10 EAST ASIA. already been opened i
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12 But it may be asked, EAST ASIA.
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14 EAST ASIA. meanino- strength," o
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1(J EAST ASIA. surveyors the presen
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18 EAST ASIA. Kuen-lun surpasses th
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20 EAST ASIA. plateau between the O
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22 EAST ASIA. 15 to 24 miles. The p
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24 EAST ASIA. the Upper Yarkand val
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26 EAST ASIA. which the present lak
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og EAST ASIA. the main head-stream
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80 Fisr. 11. LAKE PALTI. Scale 1 :
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82 EAST ASIA. But however this be,
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34 favour of the Dihong, EAST ASIA.
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86 EAST ASIA. basin limited by the
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HEAD-WATERS OP TUE GREAT INDO-CHINE
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CLIMATE. 89 snow. On the southern s
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a M p 3 fc I o H i
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42 EAST ASIA. The more or less mixe
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44 EAST ASIA. BUDDHISM. Tibet is th
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46 Pig. 18. TIHETAN AMUIET. EAST AS
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48 EAST ASIA. During the present ce
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50 and thrown into the stream. EAST
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TOPOGEAPHY. 51 here is the temporar
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7. B Hr- fe H
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54 EAST ASIA. salt, wool, and borax
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56 EAST ASIA. ADMINISTRATE PENAL CO
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turn a passing celebrity. CHAPTER I
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Scale 1:11.000.000 Ihf JfnU cxpreia
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PEOGBESS OF DISCOVERY. 59 while Bud
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THE YABKAND AND KASHGAB. 61 congeal
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the village of Abdalli, close to it
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THE TAKLA-MAKAN DESERT. 65 Turkesta
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INHABITANTS THE KASHGAEIANS. 67 and
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BOUTES AND PASSES. 69 which seem to
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TOPOGRAPHY ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
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TOPOGRAPHY ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
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CHAPTER IV. MONGOLIA. I. THE KUKU-N
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LAKE KUKU. 77 Prjevalsky, which bre
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INHABITANTS-THE TANGTJTANS. 79 the
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CLIMATE AND RAINFALL. 81 mediate so
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TOPOGRAPHY. 83 broad, connects Chin
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TOPOGRAPHY. 85 invaded by the sands
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TOPOGRAPHY. 87 its eastern extremit
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HISTORICAL EOUTES. 89 continent, an
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'. os K c 1 IB O H
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92 EAST ASIA. the These are plains.
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94 EAST ASIA. most densely peopled
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96 EAST ASIA. 1,200 square miles, b
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98 EAST ASIA. some places to 4,500
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!00 EAST ASIA. the Pecha, a mountai
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102 EAST ASIA. THE GREAT WALL. The
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104 EAST ASIA. chaos of conflicting
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106 EAST ASIA. features, prominent
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108 EAST ASIA. The liturgical works
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HO EAST ASIA. wards. The whole regi
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112 EAST ASIA. of it stretches a ch
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114 EAST ASIA. wine, milk, kumis, a
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116 EAST ASIA. In any case any conv
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118 EAST ASIA. with myriads of swal
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120 EAST ASIA. to the country an al
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INHABITANTS THE MANCHUS. 121 burn t
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TOPOGRAPHY. 123 and settled element
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TOPOGRAPHY. 125 which are here buil
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" TOPOGRAPHY. 127 tombs of the ance
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. vTi"i o w s ..
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180 EAST ASIA. " Book of Annals," r
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182 EAST ASIA. under favouraole con
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184 EAST ASIA. the former to the no
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136 EAST ASIA. representing the tro
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13s EAST ASIA. respect they have re
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14 Q and balloon respectively. EAST
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142 EAST ASIA. No revelation having
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!44 the living. EAST ASIA. The Chin
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146 EAST ASIA. Buddhism offered its
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148 EAST ASIA. Ningpo, have all die
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150 EAST ASIA. Compared with their
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152 EAST ASIA. " Prester John," whi
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154 EAST ASIA. recognise in them a
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150 EAST ASIA. disgrace all previou
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158 EAST ASIA. are also bought by t
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160 EAST ASIA. nation is quickened
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162 EAST ASIA. opinion, it was prob
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164 EAST ASIA. way somewhat abruptl
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^t-y-^ *lHoAn-o\m ,V r re-nan *&i\.
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TOPOGRAPHY PEKING. 165 Peking stand
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TOPOGRAPHY PEKING. 167 The northern
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TOPOGRA PHY PEKING. 169 Polo, when
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TOPOGRAPHY PEKING. 171 nearly all i
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TOPOGRAPHY. 173 the Kai'ping coal m
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TOPOGRAPHY. places, and palanquin b
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TOPOGRAPHY. 177 north of the town,
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THE HOANG-HO BASIN. 179 river flowi
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THE HOANG-HO BASIN. 181 Below these
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THE HOANG-HO BASIN. 183 Emperor Kic
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THE GRAND CANAL AND LOWER HOANG-HO.
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THE TSING-LING AND OTHER RANGES. 18
Page 241 and 242: THE YELLOW LANDS. 189 north-easterl
Page 243: - a (N a! Ed a a z Id
Page 246 and 247: 192 EAST ASIA. Shantung, Shansi, Sh
Page 249 and 250: TOPOGRAPHY. 103 North of Sining-fu
Page 251 and 252: TOPOGRAPHY. 195 trends eastward, Tu
Page 253 and 254: BASIN OF THE YANG-TZE-KIANO. 197 he
Page 255 and 256: THE UPPER YANG-TZE AND MIN. 199 tos
Page 257 and 258: THE MIDDLE YANG-TZE AND HAN-KIANG.
Page 261 and 262: LAKE POYANG AND THE LOWER TANG-TZE.
Page 263 and 264: SECHUEN HIGHLANDS 205 northwards to
Page 265 and 266: SECHUEN HIGHLANDS. 207 plateau, the
Page 267 and 268: INHABITANTS OF SECHUEN. THE SI-FAN.
Page 269 and 270: THE MANTZE, LOLO, AND CHINESE OF SE
Page 271 and 272: THE MANTZE, LOLO, AND CHINESE OF SE
Page 273 and 274: THE MIAOTZE. 215 Hundred Families,"
Page 275 and 276: HUNAN, KIANGSI, AND CHEKIANGK 217 t
Page 277 and 278: INHABITANTS OF THE LOWER YANG-TZE B
Page 280 and 281: CHINESE MIN3RS-UPPER YANG-TZE HIGHL
Page 282 and 283: 222 EAST ASIA. walls and most of th
Page 284 and 285: 224 time and labour. drove the inno
Page 286: 226 EAST ASIA. The exports consist
Page 289 and 290: TOPOGRAPHY. 227 Lake Tungting. On a
Page 294 and 295: 230 EAST ASIA. (ChangJ, and at the
Page 296 and 297: 232 EAST ASIA. Shanghai, the neares
Page 298 and 299: 284 EAST ASIA. station, which also
Page 300 and 301: 286 EAST ASIA. Five miles south-wes
Page 303 and 304: TOPOGRAPHY. 287 quoted proverb. The
Page 305 and 306: TOPOGRAPHY. 289 vated lands on the
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Page 310: 242 EAST ASIA. disyllabic compounds
Page 313 and 314: TOPOGRAPHY. 243 islets, and complet
Page 315 and 316: TOPOGRAPHY. 245 Fokien, and is stil
Page 317 and 318: BASIN OP THE SI-KIANG. 247 round ab
Page 320 and 321: Sbangtchouen L(S', 113'E.of Gr. '~
Page 323 and 324: THE CANTON DELTA. 249 in 1722 Gaubi
Page 325 and 326: INHABITANTS OF SOUTH CHINA. 251 INH
Page 327 and 328: TOPOGRAPHY. 253 estuaries. The Chin
Page 329 and 330: TOPOGRAPHY. 255 porcelains, and mar
Page 331 and 332: HONG KONG. 257 Nearly all the trade
Page 333 and 334: MACAO. 259 shipping in the roadstea
Page 335 and 336: MACAO. 261 connected with the mainl
Page 337 and 338: YUNNAN. 263 and although no Europea
Page 339 and 340: YUNNAN. 265 was again visited by Fr
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INHABITANTS OF YUNNAN. 267 arrows d
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TOPOGRAPHY. 269 besides Lolo, Pai,
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H R M p Q i fel BE B
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272 EAST ASIA. and has some large m
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274 EAST ASIA. a hand, whose finger
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276 EAST ASIA. between Ningpo and C
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278 EAST ASIA. thickets, which flou
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280 EAST ASIA. periods been known t
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232 EAST ASIA. TangsJnti), near the
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284 EAST ASIA. extent and very moun
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286 EAST ASIA. same way furnished w
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288 EAST ASIA. the inhabitants of t
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290 EAST ASIA. to which the field i
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202 EAST ASIA. tea the Russians usu
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294 EAST ASIA. minister Wangmang, a
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290 EAST ASIA. marvellous texture a
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298 EAST ASIA. that has never been
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300 EAST ASIA. habits They even com
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302 EAST ASIA. But the hard conditi
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804 EAST ASIA. Rice is brought chie
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306 EAST ASIA. follow this line, wh
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308 EAST ASIA. circumambient genii.
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810 EAST ASIA. is seldom granted. E
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812 EAST ASIA. THE NEW IDEAS SOCIAL
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814 EAST ASIA. succeed in again rev
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816 EAST ASIA. According to law, Lu
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LIMITATIONS OF THE IMPERIAL AUTHORI
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PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS. 321 competitor
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THE MANDAEINS. 828 conic in shape,
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- " ' THE MANDARINS. Fig. 153. VAGR
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PENAL CODE. 827 murder of mandarins
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THE AEMY. 829 men are not required
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THE CTJKRENCY. 831 and other defens
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ADMINISTEATIVE DIVISIONS. 883 " It
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KOREA. S35 whole peninsula, under t
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PfiOGEESS OF DISCOVERY FOREIGN EELA
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PHYSICAL FEATURES GEOGRAPHIC SYSTEM
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MINERAL WEALTH-FLORA AND FAUNA CLIM
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MINERAL WEALTH FLORA AND FAUNA CLIM
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KOREAN MANDAKINS.
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816 EAST ASIA. unintelligible to ev
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848 EAST ASIA. HABITS AXD CUSTOMS T
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a 50 EAST ASIA. question, they trea
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852 EAST ASIA. and his letter of is
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354 EAST ASIA. is here crossed by a
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356 EAST ASIA. of the Pacific and R
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358 Nip-pon. EAST ASIA. " The origi
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360 EAST ASIA. Since the recent cha
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362 EAST ASIA. islets, which arc th
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864 EAST ASIA. relief of the land h
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366 EAST ASIA. innumerable channels
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368 EAST ASIA. Fig. n' i ^ " --^ ^_
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370 EAST ASIA. villages in this dis
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THE HIGHLANDS OP SOUTH HONDO. 871 i
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LAKE BIVA. 873 bubblings everywhere
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THE INLAND SEA. 875 THE INLAND SEA.
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THE ISLAND OP SIKOK. 377 parallel w
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THE ISLAND OP KIU-SIU. 879 miles fr
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THE BITJ-KIU (LU-CHU) AND GOTO AECH
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TI1E EIU-KIU (LU-CHU) AND GOTO ARCH
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THE EIU-KIU (LU-CHU) AND GOTO AECH1
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JAPANESE PEASANTRY.
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888 EAST ASIA. Notwithstanding the
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890 EAST ASIA. constitution, and is
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392 EAST ASIA. whole, the flowers a
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891 EAST ASIA. red face, differing
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398 EAST ASIA. Compared with Europe
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INHABITANTS THE AINOS. 397 neighbou
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INHABITANTS THE AINOS. 899 pikes an
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THE PRESENT JAPANESE EACE. 401 curr
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THE PRESENT JAPANESE EACE. 408 whol
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THE PRESENT JAPANESE BACE. 405 indo
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THE PRESENT JAPANESE EACE. 407 powe
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f ' Vi m i - ' CO 5 6 05 a CL, 3
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410 EAST ASIA. which if not " lumin
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412 EAST ASIA. under exceptional co
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414 EAST ASIA. Fi>. 192. BunimtxT T
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416 EAST ASIA. respects from all th
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418 EAST ASIA. the sun warms the ea
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420 EAST ASIA. to the south-west li
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422 EAST ASIA. the curiosities of t
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irazaki KOFOU (YAMAN */ nMm Misima
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TOPOGRAPHY OF NIP-PON. 423 to the b
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TOPOGEAPHY OF NIP-PON. 425 destroye
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TOPOGRAPHY OE NIP-PON. to avenge th
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TOPOGRAPHY OF NIP-PON. 429 interior
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TOPOGRAPHY OF NIP-PON. 431 woods, p
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TOPOGRAPHY OP NIP-PON. 433 when Pri
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TOPOGRAPHY OF NIP-PON. 485 capitals
Page 543 and 544:
TOPOGEAPHY OF NIP-PON. 437 of the O
Page 545 and 546:
TOPOGRAPHY OF NIP-PON. 489 even rai
Page 547 and 548:
TOPOGEAPHY OF SIKOK, KIU-SIU, AND E
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TOPOGRAPHY OP S1KOK, KIU-SIU, AND E
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THE BONIN AECHIPELAGO. 445 clature
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EICE AND TEA CULTUKE. 447 interveni
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RICE AND TEA GUI/TUBE. 449 " Tea is
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LAND TENURE MINING INDUSTRY. 451 Fi
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MANUFACTURES JAPANESE ART PORCELAIN
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LACQUER-WAKE AND PAPER. LACQUER-WAR
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LACQUEB-WABE AND PAPER. 457 leather
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LACQUER-WARE AND PAPER. 459 style o
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LACQUEE-WARE AND PAPEE. 461 most of
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FOEEIGN TEADE. 4C3 when he next ent
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FOREIGN TRADE. 466 During the last
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BOADS KAILWAYS-TELEGBAPHS. 467 mode
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LITERATURE AND PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
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HISTORIC RETROSPECT THE REVOLUTION.
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ADMINISTRATION. 473 ADMINISTRATION.
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FINANCE-MINT AEMY AND NAVY. year 18
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STATISTICAL TABLES. Area in sq. Est
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NUMBER op CHINESE SETTLED ARROAD. B
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Province of I T? ThiUikhar. itiikha
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CIRCUIT or TOSAN-DO STATISTICAL TAB
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Abdalli, 63 Aberdeen (Hong Kong), 2
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Hida Mountains, 372 Hion- fung, Mou
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Melville, 383 Menghoa-hien, 271 Men
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Tadum, 30, 61 Ta-hu, Lake, 204 Taic
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^ jrgX
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