Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1967 - NASA's History Office

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ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS, 1967 December 2 problem instead of helping to solve it. . . . The U.F.O. phenomenon is a challenge to mankind. It is the duty of scientists to take up this challenge, to disclose the nature of the U.F.O. and to establish the scientific truth.” (Kamm, NYT, 12/10/67, 70) December 3: U.S.S.R. launched Cosmos CXCIV into orbit with 333-km (207- mi) apogee, 205-km (127-mi) perigee, 89.7-min period, end 65.7” in- clination. Equipment and instruments functioned satisfactorily, and spacecraft was successfully recovered Dee. 11. ( W Post, 12/6/67, B2; Interavia Air Letter, 12/14/67,6; GSFC SSR, 12/15/67) “Evaluation of Apollo 4 mission data . . . continues to confirm initial reports that Spacecraft 017 met all flight objectives without problems,” NASA announced. Detailed systems analyses were still in process, but evidence to date indicated spacecraft systems operated properly during Nov. 9 mission and met all specifications. First Service Propulsion System (SPS) burn had occurred as scheduled; second SPS burn, however, was 13 sec longer than planned, because of a switchover to ground control after burn was started by onboard guidance and navigation system. Although review of the burn was still being conducted, NASA had already determined that there had been no failure in onboard systems involved. Because of the longer-than-planned SPS burn, spacecraft’s reentry velocity was 0.0058% higher than expected; actual velocity was 24,913 mph, compared with nominal 24,772 mph. Increased velocity caused higher Command Module (CM) maximum heat rate-620 BTUS per sq ft per sec instead of planned 586 BTUS. Maximum rate expected on lunar return was 480 BTUS. Maximum g on reentry was 7.3, compared with expected 8.33 g, because of a shallower reentry flight-path angle. Cabin pressure remained between 5.6 and 5.8 psi during entire mission, indicating negligible leakage rate. Cabin air temperature remained stable at 60” F during orbit and increased to 70’ F during reentry. Structural performance of the spacecraft and Lunar Test Article 10-R (a simulated lunar module) during launch and boost phase was satis- factory. Earth landing system functioned as planned; all parachutes in- flated properly, and recovery aids deployed and operated normally. Heat shield performance was good; maximum char thickness was 3/a in, and charring of crew compartment heat shield was less than expected. Fuel cell and cryogenic subsystems functioned normally, with fuel cells producing potable sterile water and demonstrating excellent load-shar- ing and thermal-control capability. CM and SM reaction-control systems, electrical power subsystem, and spacecraft sequential devices operated normally, with all functions occurring at scheduled times. Guidance and control system and the mission control programmer performed properly. Range-to-go at drogue parachute deployment calculated was 2.2 nm. Comparisons with measured landing point indicated better than predicted performance. All communications objectives were accomplished. Each MSFN station, Apollo tracking ship Vanguard, and at least two of the Apollo/Range Instrumentation Aircraft established two-way communications with the spacecraft as planned. (NASA Release 67-294; Hines, W Star, 12/3/67, A20; SBD, 12/5/67, 172-3) e As of Nov. 15, US. had dropped 1,630,500 bombs on North and South Vietnam since July 1965-twice the tonnage dropped during the Korean War, and three times that dropped in the Pacific Theater during World War 11. (Wilson, W Post, 1/5/68, 4) 365
December 3 ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS, 1967 9 William Littlewood, a former vice president of American Airlines and developer of the DC-3 aircraft, died at age 69. Recipient of numerous awards-including Wright Brothers Medal, Flight Safety Foundation Medal, and Guggenheim Medal-Littlewood had been a member of NACA, Flight Safety Foundation, Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory board of directors, U.K. Royal Aeronautical Society, and Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute. (NYT, 12/5/67, 45; W Star, 12/5/67, B4) December 4: NASA’s total procurement in N 1967 fell to $4.651 billion-8% below FY 1%6---and procurement actions dropped to 283,000-11% less than FX 1966-because of budget reductions, Aerospace Technology reported. NASA’s “Annual Procurement Report, Fiscal Year 1967” disclosed that 83% of net dollar value went directly to business firms; 4% to education and other nonprofit institutions; 5% to Cal Tech for operating JPL; and 8% to other Government agencies. NASA continued its policy of making greater use of incentive contracts, awarding 81 new incentive contracts and converting 11 cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts to incentive awards during FY 1967. North American Rockwell Corp. led in dollar amount of NASA awards, receiving 25.46% of total. (Aero Tech, 12/4/67,46) 0 Thomas O’Toole, writing in the Washington Post, reviewed NASA’s “growing role in the Vietnam war.” Both NASA and DOD were reluctant to disclose the size of NASA’s defense effort, he charged, “but it’s known that [OART] is spending between $4 million and $5 million a year directing the efforts of 100 scientists and engineers to tasks vital to the Vietnam war.” Results of NASA research, he said, included a new acoustic detector able to locate mortars by measuring ground vibrations, a more-steerable parachute, aircraft engines too quiet to be beard during approach, a scissors-like sling for helicopter rescues, and a helicopter which did not make a chopper noise. Although NASA willingly participated in defense research, its authorization to do so wai ‘‘f~~~y,” he said, ‘based onIy on a section of the 1958 National Aeronautics and Space Act which directed NASA to make available to defense organizations “discoveries that have military value or significance.” NASA was “nervous” about its military role, he asserted, because of its unclear authorization, fear of congres- sional inquiry, and fear of international reaction. Sen. Strom Thurmond (R3.C.) later attacked O’Toole’s article on the Senate floor: “One might expect that if . . . a story of this sort were to be dug up, the article would express gratification that the tax- payer’s money was being used on behalf of the American people . . . [and not purport to be] shocked that NASA projects help our national objective. . . . I am firmly of the conviction that anything that can be developed technically to save a single American life in Vietnam, espe- cially by any individual or organization that is being paid by American taxpayers, belongs freely to our soldiers. . . . “The article is obviously a patently calculated leak. The informed details it provides on NASA’s research and technical work proves this. . . . This is a shocking thing, that is not a matter of press freedom, or even of press license, but plain aid and comfort to the enemy. . . . Publishers and editors should accept their responsibility to prevent such . . . news coverage and to prevent, too, the violation of security classifications on subjects that involve adversely the preservation of the lives of American fighting men.” (O’Toole, V Post, 12/4/67, Al; NASA LAR VI/128) 366
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Foreword The first decade of the Sp
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Preface In 1961 the first publicati
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January 1967 January 1: NAS had rec
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June 1967 June 1: U.S.S.R. launched
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July 1967 July 1 : USAF Titan 111-6
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INDEX. AND LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AN
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Histories: NASA HIS CAL PUBLICATION
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