Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1967 - NASA's History Office

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ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS, 1967 During 1%7 ESRO’S ESTO II and assistance with orbiting of Italy’s Sun Marc0 II-first satellite to be launched from a platform at sea. Some 124 scientists from 26 countries participated in research at NASA centers; scientific sounding rockets were launched from six sites in cooperation with Argentina, Brazil, West Germany, India, Japan, and Norway; and by the end of 1967,M countries had cooperated with U.S. in space research activities. Kenya, Korea, Peru, and Tanzania joined the International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium ( INTELSAT) , bringing total membership to 60. Australia successfully launched her first satellite, Wresat I. (NASA Re- . lease 67-301; EH; ComSatCorp PIO; NASA Interncational Programs) * Rep. Joseph E. Karth (D-Minn.) , Chairman, House Committee on Science and Astronautics’ Space Science and Applications Subcommittee, in interview with Aerospace Management, said: “The Space Program got off the ground ten years ago on a surge of apprehension and sensationalism. This year it became very clear that public acceptance or rejection will be a key factor in shaping the U.S. objectives in space for the years ahead. Having ushered in the second decade of space exploration, both NASA and the aerospace industry should now review their ‘ledgers’ to make the best use of their achievements to date, as well as learn from the mistakes and false-starts of the past.’’ He predicted: “I have no doubts that before this century is over, man will set foot on the near planets [although] it seems more reasonable to me to first find out more about the other planets by means of automated robots [and] I will be disappointed if . . . we don’t couple the great capabilities of the Saturn V vehicle with those of a Voyager spacecraft.” He added: “HOWever, be they the merits of the Voyager concept or the potential benefits of Earth Resources Satellites, the public and Congress must be honestly convinced of their values if space efforts are to be supported.” (Karth, Aerospace Management, Fall/Winter 67,5-9) 9 High probability of mission success for Saturn project was born of sound engineering judgment built on extensive experience, and supported by modern analytical techniques, Special Assistant in Manufacturing Problems to MSC Apollo Spacecraft Program Mgr., iformer MSFC Deputy Director) Dr. Eberhard F. M. Rees said in interview with Aerospace Management. He summarized the factors which had enhanced the probability: “Considering that one Saturn V, including the launching costs, amounts to over 150 million, it is not hard to see why the test launching preceding manned flights must be limited to only a few. What this limitation has done then is to stress more than ever before the critical need for intensive engineering, almost a compulsive meticulousness in manufacturing assembly, quality control, and most extensive testing on the ground, such as component qualification testing, and subsystem and system testing.” (Rees, Aerospace Management, Fallminter 67, 23-27) ‘ 0 Managerial and technical challenges of the Mariner project were highlighted by JPL scientist Dan Schneiderman in interview with Aerospace Management: “We have tried to recognize and correct our deficiencies, to retain the proven practices in the screening and use of reliable hardware, also to retain the integrity of our experienced manpower resources.” He added: “The basic challenge in planetary exploration is that of designing and building autonomous systems that can operate unattended for long periods. This is a quality and reliability challenge, 393
During 1967 ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS, 1967 augmented by cost and weight limitations, plus a launch-window con- straint. In the face of these constraints, we can't buy in large quantities, nor be extensively experimental. We have instead concentrated on im- plementing a tight quality assurance." (Schneiderman, Aerospace Man- agement, Fallminter 67'17-21) Highlights of AEC'S annual report to Congress for 1967: major systeh testing for NERVA I and its reactor was planned; post-operation examination revealed no life-limiting problems in ground test unit of SNAP-10A after operation in simulated space environment for 417 days; Project Gas- buggy, first joint industry-government Plowshare experiment, inves- tigated use of underground nuclear explosion to increase productivity in New Mexico natural gas field; two AEC-instrumented Vela satellites for nuclear test detection were launched, raising total now in orbit to eight; 25 underground nuclear tests were conducted. (Major Activities in the Atomic Energy Programs, January-December 1967) 394
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Foreword The first decade of the Sp
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FOREWORD V Fortunately, for the sak
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Preface In 1961 the first publicati
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January 1967 January 1: NAS had rec
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April 1967 April 1 : NASA% March 24
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June 1967 June 1: U.S.S.R. launched
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June 12: Venus ZV unmanne a parking
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‘ ASTRONAUTICS AND AERONAUTICS, 1
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which was suspended from gimbals an
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July 1967 July 1 : USAF Titan 111-6
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August 1967 August 1 : NASA’s Lun
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October 1967 October 1 : Ninth anni
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launch Aerobee, 126, 150 atmospheri
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Histories: NASA HIS CAL PUBLICATION
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Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1967 - NASA's History Office

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