Whitefly and whitefly-borne viruses in the tropics : Building a ... - cgiar

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Cuba project provided three keynote speakers: the coordinator, Dr. Francisco J. Morales; the past coordinator of the TWF-IPM Project, Dr. Pamela K. Anderson; and the main support scientist for the Caribbean region, Dr. Jane Polston of the University of Florida. Dr. Anderson explained the nature and objectives of the TWF-IPM Project; Dr. Polston delivered a talk on whitefly-transmitted viruses in the Caribbean Region and disserted on advanced techniques for the characterization of begomoviruses; and Dr. Morales gave a talk on breeding for disease resistance to whitefly-transmitted viruses. The Whitefly Project also provided funds for the training at CIAT-Colombia of a junior scientist, Ms. Yenín Hernández, of CENSA, Cuba, on the molecular characterization of B. tabaci biotypes. CENSA is one of the leading institutes in Cuba in the area of Entomology. Current Status of Whitefly/Begomovirus Problems The whitefly situation in Cuba worsened following the invasion of the new B biotype of B. tabaci. However, the relatively low use of insecticides and the production of biological control agents in Cuba should maintain the whitefly problem at a manageable level. The Cuban provinces most affected by B. tabaci and the viruses it transmits have been Pinar del Río and Havana in the western end of the island and Holguín and Las Tunas in the eastern half of the country. The whitefly problem also has been severe in certain years in the provinces of Santiago and Guantánamo in the eastern end of Cuba. Other provinces affected have been Matanzas, Ciego de Avila, Granma, Camagüey, Villa Clara, Cienfuegos and Sancti Spiritus. The provinces of Holguín and Las Tunas are located in one of the regions with less precipitation. Also, these provinces have high average temperatures (23.5 ºC) during the winter season (January), conditions that favour the reproduction of B. tabaci. The eastern end of the island concentrates the bulk of the tobacco and vegetable production of Cuba, which probably favours the development of large whitefly populations. The use of entomopathogens, mainly the fungus Verticillium lecanii, constitutes a highly effective control measure against the proliferation of B. tabaci. Unfortunately, the production of this micro-organism does not meet the needs of the intensive agriculture practiced in Cuba. In the case of common bean, the use of varieties possessing high levels of resistance to BGYMV remains the main strategy for virus control. References Blanco, N.; Bencomo, I. 1978. Afluencia de la mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci) vector del virus del mosaico dorado en plantaciones de frijol. Ciencias de la Agricultura 2:39-45. Brown, J. K. 1994. Current status of Bemisia tabaci as a plant pest and virus vector in agro-ecosystems worldwide. FAO Plant Protect. Bull. 42:3-32. Cancino, M.; Abouzid, A. M.; Morales, F. J.; Purcifull, D. E.; Polston J. E.; Hiebert, E. 1995. Generation and characterization of three monoclonal antibodies useful in detecting and distinguishing Bean golden mosaic virus isolates. Phytopathology 85:484-490. 235
Murguido, C.; Vázquez, L.; Gómez, O.; Mateo, A. 1997. Informe sobre la problemática mosca blancageminivirus. Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal (INISAV), Boletín Técnico no. 5, La Habana, CU. 13 p. Polston, J. E.; Anderson, P. K. 1997. The emergence of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses in tomato in the western hemisphere. Plant Dis. 81: 1358-1369. 236 Whiteflies and Whitefly-borne Viruses in the Tropics Ramos, P. L.; Guerra, O.; Peral, P.; Oramas, P.; Guevara, R. G.; Rivera- Bustamante, R. 1997. Taino tomato mottle virus, a new bipartite geminivirus from Cuba. Plant Dis. 81:1095. Rojas, M. R. 1992. Detection and characterization of whiteflytransmitted geminiviruses by the use of polymerase chain reaction. University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
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About the Partners CIAT The Interna
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Centro Internacional de Agricultura
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Chapter 4 Whiteflies and Whitefly-b
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Chapter 6 Whiteflies and Whitefly-b
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Contents Page Foreword vii Introduc
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Contents Chapter SECTION THREE Whit
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Foreword This book is the product o
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Introduction Introduction The Probl
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Introduction In addition to the yie
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Introduction in pesticide use in La
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Introduction annual crops, especial
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Introduction Plant Resistance contr
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Introduction Otim-Nape, G. W.; Bua,
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SECTION ONE Whiteflies as Vectors o
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Introduction CHAPTER 1.1 Introducti
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Introduction diseases than is cassa
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Introduction Sub-project on Whitefl
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Introduction References Aritua, V.;
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Introduction Thresh, J. M.; Otim-Na
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Ghana 1997, on 80 farms. These incl
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Ghana (6.2%), Bakentenma (5%) and K
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Ghana Legg, J. P.; James, B. D. 199
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Benin Northern guinea savannah Sout
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Benin or disease problem, the main
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Nigeria CHAPTER 1.4 Nigeria Introdu
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Nigeria TMS 30572 (18.8%) and TMS 3
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Nigeria FAO (Food and Agriculture O
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Cameroon protocol, to enable valid
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Cameroon Farmers undertook various
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Cameroon Robertson, I. A. D. 1987.
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Uganda between November 1997 and Ja
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Uganda environment, host plant heal
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Uganda local varieties. Assessments
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Uganda Harrison, B. D. 1987. Proper
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Kenya Recent epidemiological studie
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Kenya respective diseases were reco
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Kenya Bock, K. R. 1983. Epidemiolog
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Tanzania CHAPTER 1.8 Tanzania Intro
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Tanzania Adult whiteflies were more
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Tanzania loss) to assess yield loss
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Tanzania Legg, J. P.; Raya, M. 1998
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Malawi Increased Biological Underst
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Malawi Physiology and Ecology in th
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Madagascar Tanzania Madagascar Moza
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Madagascar surprising, particularly
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Diversity of African Cassava Mosaic
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Sweetpotato Virus Disease in East A
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Factors Associated with Damage CHAP
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Factors Associated with Damage Mean
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Factors Associated with Damage % SP
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Factors Associated with Damage thro
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Factors Associated with Damage Gedd
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Conclusions and Recommendations col
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Conclusions and Recommendations Mal
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Conclusions and Recommendations Mpi
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Conclusions and Recommendations com
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Conclusions and Recommendations con
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Conclusions and Recommendations (2)
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Conclusions and Recommendations Ger
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SECTION TWO Whiteflies as Pests and
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Introduction Czosnek, H.; Navot, N.
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Sudan cotton, leading to the introd
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Sudan Table 1. Reproductive host pl
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Sudan Historically, Sudan has been
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Sudan Only 10% of producers reporte
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Sudan Conclusions The work conducte
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Kenya CHAPTER 2.3 Kenya Introductio
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Kenya Increased Biological Understa
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Kenya Samples of 10 plants per fiel
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Kenya Table 4. Maximum incidence (%
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Kenya Seventy-nine percent of tomat
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Kenya under Phase 2 of the TWF-IPM
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Tanzania CHAPTER 2.4 Tanzania Intro
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Tanzania The reproductive host plan
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Tanzania Geographical range of whit
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Tanzania Local names given to white
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Tanzania Nono-Womdim, R.; Swai, I.
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Malawi levels of infestation by the
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Malawi Table 3. Maximum incidence (
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Malawi (40%) believe that the white
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Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in E.
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Conclusions and Recommendations CHA
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Conclusions and Recommendations (Fi
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Conclusions and Recommendations Cen
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Conclusions and Recommendations the
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SECTION THREE Whiteflies as Vectors
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Introduction especially for export.
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Mexico CHAPTER 3.2 Mexico Introduct
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Mexico Culiacán, Sinaloa, in north
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Mexico Table 2. Virus survey of tom
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Mexico results of the molecular bio
Page 200 and 201: Mexico Strengthened Research Capaci
Page 202 and 203: Mexico López, R. 1996. Experiencia
Page 204 and 205: Guatemala 1960s, and at this time t
Page 206 and 207: Guatemala Table 2. Results of white
Page 208 and 209: Guatemala Table 5. Cropping systems
Page 210 and 211: Guatemala contemplated in this prel
Page 212 and 213: El Salvador CHAPTER 3.4 El Salvador
Page 214 and 215: El Salvador During the course of th
Page 216 and 217: El Salvador markets: common bean, m
Page 218 and 219: El Salvador Current Status of White
Page 220 and 221: Honduras Copan Ocotepeque Santa Bá
Page 222 and 223: Honduras Table 3. Biotyping of whit
Page 224 and 225: Honduras References Caballero, R. 1
Page 226 and 227: Nicaragua Nueva Segovia Madriz Este
Page 228 and 229: Nicaragua Lowlands of Nicaragua. Th
Page 230 and 231: Nicaragua Region VI is a main horti
Page 232 and 233: Costa Rica CHAPTER 3.7 Costa Rica I
Page 234 and 235: Costa Rica Table 1. Characterizatio
Page 236 and 237: Costa Rica Castillo, J. 1997. Movim
Page 238 and 239: Panama Bocas del Toro Chiriquí Ver
Page 240 and 241: Panama Gámez, R. 1970. Los virus d
Page 242 and 243: Haiti Grande-Anse Sud Grande-Anse S
Page 244 and 245: Haiti collaborators in this project
Page 246 and 247: Cuba Ciudad de la Habana Pinar del
Page 248 and 249: Cuba Table 3. Comparative homologie
Page 252 and 253: Dominican Republic CHAPTER 3.11 Dom
Page 254 and 255: Dominican Republic monoclonal antib
Page 256 and 257: Dominican Republic Strengthened Res
Page 258 and 259: Reproductive Crop Hosts of Bemisia
Page 266 and 267: Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci CHAPTER
Page 268 and 269: Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci For this
Page 270 and 271: Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci 100 99 B
Page 272 and 273: Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci biotype
Page 274 and 275: Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci Table 2.
Page 276 and 277: Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci Already
Page 278 and 279: Conclusions and Recommendations CHA
Page 280 and 281: Conclusions and Recommendations gre
Page 282 and 283: SECTION FOUR Whiteflies as Pests of
Page 284 and 285: Introduction CHAPTER 4.1 Introducti
Page 286 and 287: Introduction control, due to resist
Page 288 and 289: Introduction Posada, L. 1976. Lista
Page 290 and 291: Colombia and Ecuador B biotype B. t
Page 292 and 293: Colombia and Ecuador assistants and
Page 294 and 295: Colombia and Ecuador and squash. On
Page 296 and 297: Colombia and Ecuador Table 2. Main
Page 298 and 299: Colombia and Ecuador Table 6. Patte
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Insecticide Resistance in Colombia
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Conclusions and Recommendations CHA
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Conclusions and Recommendations res
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Conclusions and Recommendations rot
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SECTION FIVE Special Topics on Pest
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Sustainable IPM through Host Plant
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Biological Control of Whiteflies by
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Progress of Cassava Mosaic Disease
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Management of the Cassava Mosaic Di
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Conclusions Conclusions The Tropica
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Conclusions whitefly pests and thus
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Conclusions developing countries, a
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Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronyms
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Acronyms and Abbreviations FIRA Fid
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Acronyms and Abbreviations PROFRIJO
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Acronyms and Abbreviations PYR pyre
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