Whitefly and whitefly-borne viruses in the tropics : Building a ... - cgiar

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Chapter 4 Whiteflies and Whitefly-borne Viruses in the Tropics Page 1.9 Malawi Mathews P. K. J. Theu and Peter Sseruwagi 68 1.10 Madagascar Sahondramalala Ranomenjanahary, Jocelyn Ramelison and Peter Sseruwagi 72 1.11 The Diversity of Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses in Africa Peter Markham, Robert Briddon, Clotilde Roussot, John Farquhar, Geoffrey Okao-Okuja and James Legg 77 1.12 Serological Analysis of Sweetpotatoes Affected by Sweetpotato Virus Disease in East Africa Valente Aritua, Richard Gibson and Josef Vetten 83 1.13 Factors Associated with Damage to Sweetpotato Crops by Sweetpotato Virus Disease Richard Gibson, Valente Aritua and Simon Jeremiah 89 1.14 Conclusions and Recommendations James Legg and Braima James 98 SECTION TWO Whiteflies as Pests and Vectors of Viruses in Vegetable and Legume Mixed Cropping Systems in Eastern and Southern Africa 2.1 Introduction Mohamed Ali Bob, Rebecca Raini and Bernhard Löhr 115 2.2 Sudan Gassim Dafalla and Musa Ahmed 118 2.3 Kenya Mohamed Ali Bob, Benjamin Odhiambo, Gilbert Kibata and Jason Ong’aro 129 2.4 Tanzania Ignas Swai and Simon Slumpa 141 2.5 Malawi Harriet Thindwa and Patric Khonje 150 2.6 Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Tomato Leaf Curl-like Viruses in Eastern and Southern Africa Remi Nono-Womdim, Ignas Swai, Madan Mohan Lal Chadha and Sylvia Green 157 2.7 Conclusions and Recommendations Lisbeth Riis, Thomas Njuguna, Rebecca Raini, Berhard Löhr and Mohamed Ali Bob 163 iv
Contents Chapter SECTION THREE Whiteflies as Vectors of Viruses in Legume and Vegetable Mixed Cropping Systems in the Tropical Lowlands of Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean Page 3.1 Introduction Francisco Morales 173 3.2 Mexico Francisco Morales, Rafael Rivera-Bustamante, Rafael Salinas Pérez, Irineo Torres-Pacheco, Raúl Díaz Plaza, Wilson Avilés Baeza and Genovevo Ramírez Jaramillo 177 3.3 Guatemala Francisco Morales, Abelardo Viana, Margarita Palmieri, Mónica Orozco and René Ruano 188 3.4 El Salvador Francisco Morales, Carlos Pérez, Priscila Henríquez, Reina de Serrano, Leopoldo Serrano and Claudio Nunes 197 3.5 Honduras Francisco Morales, María Mercedes Doyle, Rogerio Trabanino, Carolina Nolasco, Elsa Barrientos, Luís Jara and Norman Escoto 204 3.6 Nicaragua Francisco Morales, Alberto Sediles, Aurelio Llano and Falguni Guharay 210 3.7 Costa Rica Francisco Morales, Luko Hilje, Juan Vallejos, Guillermo Sibaja, Carlos Araya and Rodolfo Araya 217 3.8 Panama Francisco Morales, Orencio Fernández and José Guerra 222 3.9 Haiti Francisco Morales, Jackson Donis and Emmanuel Prophete 226 3.10 Cuba Francisco Morales, Gloria González, Carlos Murguido, Ana Echemendía, Yolanda Martínez, Yenín Hernández, Benito Faure and María Chailloux 230 3.11 Dominican Republic Francisco Morales, Emigdio Gómez, Augusto Villar and Julio Nin 237 3.12 Reproductive Crop Hosts of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in Latin America and the Caribbean Pamela K. Anderson, Avas Hamon, Pilar Hernández and Jon Martin 243 v 5
Page 2 and 3: About the Partners CIAT The Interna
Page 4 and 5: Centro Internacional de Agricultura
Page 8 and 9: Chapter 6 Whiteflies and Whitefly-b
Page 10 and 11: Contents Page Foreword vii Introduc
Page 12 and 13: Contents Chapter SECTION THREE Whit
Page 14 and 15: Foreword This book is the product o
Page 16 and 17: Introduction Introduction The Probl
Page 18 and 19: Introduction In addition to the yie
Page 20 and 21: Introduction in pesticide use in La
Page 22 and 23: Introduction annual crops, especial
Page 24 and 25: Introduction Plant Resistance contr
Page 26 and 27: Introduction Otim-Nape, G. W.; Bua,
Page 28 and 29: SECTION ONE Whiteflies as Vectors o
Page 30 and 31: Introduction CHAPTER 1.1 Introducti
Page 32 and 33: Introduction diseases than is cassa
Page 34 and 35: Introduction Sub-project on Whitefl
Page 36 and 37: Introduction References Aritua, V.;
Page 38 and 39: Introduction Thresh, J. M.; Otim-Na
Page 40 and 41: Ghana 1997, on 80 farms. These incl
Page 42 and 43: Ghana (6.2%), Bakentenma (5%) and K
Page 44 and 45: Ghana Legg, J. P.; James, B. D. 199
Page 46 and 47: Benin Northern guinea savannah Sout
Page 48 and 49: Benin or disease problem, the main
Page 50 and 51: Nigeria CHAPTER 1.4 Nigeria Introdu
Page 52 and 53: Nigeria TMS 30572 (18.8%) and TMS 3
Page 54 and 55: Nigeria FAO (Food and Agriculture O
Page 56 and 57:
Cameroon protocol, to enable valid
Page 58 and 59:
Cameroon Farmers undertook various
Page 60 and 61:
Cameroon Robertson, I. A. D. 1987.
Page 62 and 63:
Uganda between November 1997 and Ja
Page 64 and 65:
Uganda environment, host plant heal
Page 66 and 67:
Uganda local varieties. Assessments
Page 68 and 69:
Uganda Harrison, B. D. 1987. Proper
Page 70 and 71:
Kenya Recent epidemiological studie
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Kenya respective diseases were reco
Page 74 and 75:
Kenya Bock, K. R. 1983. Epidemiolog
Page 76 and 77:
Tanzania CHAPTER 1.8 Tanzania Intro
Page 78 and 79:
Tanzania Adult whiteflies were more
Page 80 and 81:
Tanzania loss) to assess yield loss
Page 82 and 83:
Tanzania Legg, J. P.; Raya, M. 1998
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Malawi Increased Biological Underst
Page 86 and 87:
Malawi Physiology and Ecology in th
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Madagascar Tanzania Madagascar Moza
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Madagascar surprising, particularly
Page 92 and 93:
Diversity of African Cassava Mosaic
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Sweetpotato Virus Disease in East A
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Factors Associated with Damage CHAP
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Factors Associated with Damage Mean
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Factors Associated with Damage % SP
Page 110 and 111:
Factors Associated with Damage thro
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Factors Associated with Damage Gedd
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Conclusions and Recommendations col
Page 116 and 117:
Conclusions and Recommendations Mal
Page 118 and 119:
Conclusions and Recommendations Mpi
Page 120 and 121:
Conclusions and Recommendations com
Page 122 and 123:
Conclusions and Recommendations con
Page 124 and 125:
Conclusions and Recommendations (2)
Page 126 and 127:
Conclusions and Recommendations Ger
Page 128 and 129:
SECTION TWO Whiteflies as Pests and
Page 130 and 131:
Introduction CHAPTER 2.1 Introducti
Page 132 and 133:
Introduction Czosnek, H.; Navot, N.
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Sudan cotton, leading to the introd
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Sudan Table 1. Reproductive host pl
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Sudan Historically, Sudan has been
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Sudan Only 10% of producers reporte
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Sudan Conclusions The work conducte
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Kenya CHAPTER 2.3 Kenya Introductio
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Kenya Increased Biological Understa
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Kenya Samples of 10 plants per fiel
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Kenya Table 4. Maximum incidence (%
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Kenya Seventy-nine percent of tomat
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Kenya under Phase 2 of the TWF-IPM
Page 156 and 157:
Tanzania CHAPTER 2.4 Tanzania Intro
Page 158 and 159:
Tanzania The reproductive host plan
Page 160 and 161:
Tanzania Geographical range of whit
Page 162 and 163:
Tanzania Local names given to white
Page 164 and 165:
Tanzania Nono-Womdim, R.; Swai, I.
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Malawi levels of infestation by the
Page 168 and 169:
Malawi Table 3. Maximum incidence (
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Malawi (40%) believe that the white
Page 172 and 173:
Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in E.
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Conclusions and Recommendations CHA
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Conclusions and Recommendations (Fi
Page 182 and 183:
Conclusions and Recommendations Cen
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Conclusions and Recommendations the
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SECTION THREE Whiteflies as Vectors
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Introduction especially for export.
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Mexico CHAPTER 3.2 Mexico Introduct
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Mexico Culiacán, Sinaloa, in north
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Mexico Table 2. Virus survey of tom
Page 198 and 199:
Mexico results of the molecular bio
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Mexico Strengthened Research Capaci
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Mexico López, R. 1996. Experiencia
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Guatemala 1960s, and at this time t
Page 206 and 207:
Guatemala Table 2. Results of white
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Guatemala Table 5. Cropping systems
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Guatemala contemplated in this prel
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El Salvador CHAPTER 3.4 El Salvador
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El Salvador During the course of th
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El Salvador markets: common bean, m
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El Salvador Current Status of White
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Honduras Copan Ocotepeque Santa Bá
Page 222 and 223:
Honduras Table 3. Biotyping of whit
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Honduras References Caballero, R. 1
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Nicaragua Nueva Segovia Madriz Este
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Nicaragua Lowlands of Nicaragua. Th
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Nicaragua Region VI is a main horti
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Costa Rica CHAPTER 3.7 Costa Rica I
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Costa Rica Table 1. Characterizatio
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Costa Rica Castillo, J. 1997. Movim
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Panama Bocas del Toro Chiriquí Ver
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Panama Gámez, R. 1970. Los virus d
Page 242 and 243:
Haiti Grande-Anse Sud Grande-Anse S
Page 244 and 245:
Haiti collaborators in this project
Page 246 and 247:
Cuba Ciudad de la Habana Pinar del
Page 248 and 249:
Cuba Table 3. Comparative homologie
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Cuba project provided three keynote
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Dominican Republic CHAPTER 3.11 Dom
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Dominican Republic monoclonal antib
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Dominican Republic Strengthened Res
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Reproductive Crop Hosts of Bemisia
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci CHAPTER
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Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci For this
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Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci 100 99 B
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Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci biotype
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Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci Table 2.
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Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci Already
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Conclusions and Recommendations gre
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SECTION FOUR Whiteflies as Pests of
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Introduction control, due to resist
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Introduction Posada, L. 1976. Lista
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Colombia and Ecuador B biotype B. t
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Colombia and Ecuador assistants and
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Colombia and Ecuador and squash. On
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Colombia and Ecuador Table 2. Main
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Colombia and Ecuador Table 6. Patte
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Insecticide Resistance in Colombia
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Conclusions and Recommendations res
Page 314 and 315:
Conclusions and Recommendations rot
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SECTION FIVE Special Topics on Pest
Page 318 and 319:
Sustainable IPM through Host Plant
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Biological Control of Whiteflies by
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Progress of Cassava Mosaic Disease
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Management of the Cassava Mosaic Di
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Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Conclusions Conclusions The Tropica
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Conclusions whitefly pests and thus
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Conclusions developing countries, a
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Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronyms
Page 362 and 363:
Acronyms and Abbreviations FIRA Fid
Page 364 and 365:
Acronyms and Abbreviations PROFRIJO
Page 366:
Acronyms and Abbreviations PYR pyre
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