Whitefly and whitefly-borne viruses in the tropics : Building a ... - cgiar

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Chapter 6 Whiteflies and Whitefly-borne Viruses in the Tropics Page 3.13 Using Molecular Techniques to Analyse Whitefly Species and Biotypes in Latin America Lee Calvert, Natalia Villarreal and Donald Frohlich 251 3.14 Conclusions and Recommendations Francisco Morales 263 SECTION FOUR Whiteflies as Pests of Annual Crops in the Tropical Highlands of Latin America 4.1 Introduction César Cardona 269 4.2 Colombia and Ecuador César Cardona, Aristóbulo López-Avila and Oswaldo Valarezo 274 4.3 Insecticide Resistance in Colombia and Ecuador César Cardona, Francisco Rendón, Isaura Rodríguez and Aristóbulo López-Avila 285 4.4 Conclusions and Recommendations César Cardona, Aristóbulo López-Avila and Oswaldo Valarezo 295 SECTION FIVE Special Topics on Pest and Disease Management 5.1 Sustainable Integrated Management of Whiteflies through Host Plant Resistance Anthony Bellotti, Joseph Tohme, Michael Dunbier and Gail Timmerman 303 5.2 Biological Control of Whiteflies by Indigenous Natural Enemies for Major Food Crops in the Neotropics Anthony Bellotti, Jorge Peña, Bernardo Arias, José María Guerrero, Harold Trujillo, Claudia Holguín and Adriana Ortega 313 5.3 Progress of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Ugandan Cassava Varieties and in Varietal Mixtures William Sserubombwe, Michael Thresh, James Legg and William Otim-Nape 324 5.4 Management of the Cassava Mosaic Disease Pandemic in East Africa James Legg, James Whyte, Regina Kapinga and James Teri 332 Conclusions Francisco Morales 339 Acronyms and Abbreviations 345 vi
CIAT Publication No. 341 Integrated Pest and Disease Management Project and Communications Unit Editorial assistance: Gladys Rodríguez Production: Graphic Arts Unit, CIAT Oscar Idárraga (layout) Julio C. Martínez (cover design) Printing: Arte Libro Impresores, Cali, Colombia
Page 2 and 3: About the Partners CIAT The Interna
Page 4 and 5: Centro Internacional de Agricultura
Page 6 and 7: Chapter 4 Whiteflies and Whitefly-b
Page 10 and 11: Contents Page Foreword vii Introduc
Page 12 and 13: Contents Chapter SECTION THREE Whit
Page 14 and 15: Foreword This book is the product o
Page 16 and 17: Introduction Introduction The Probl
Page 18 and 19: Introduction In addition to the yie
Page 20 and 21: Introduction in pesticide use in La
Page 22 and 23: Introduction annual crops, especial
Page 24 and 25: Introduction Plant Resistance contr
Page 26 and 27: Introduction Otim-Nape, G. W.; Bua,
Page 28 and 29: SECTION ONE Whiteflies as Vectors o
Page 30 and 31: Introduction CHAPTER 1.1 Introducti
Page 32 and 33: Introduction diseases than is cassa
Page 34 and 35: Introduction Sub-project on Whitefl
Page 36 and 37: Introduction References Aritua, V.;
Page 38 and 39: Introduction Thresh, J. M.; Otim-Na
Page 40 and 41: Ghana 1997, on 80 farms. These incl
Page 42 and 43: Ghana (6.2%), Bakentenma (5%) and K
Page 44 and 45: Ghana Legg, J. P.; James, B. D. 199
Page 46 and 47: Benin Northern guinea savannah Sout
Page 48 and 49: Benin or disease problem, the main
Page 50 and 51: Nigeria CHAPTER 1.4 Nigeria Introdu
Page 52 and 53: Nigeria TMS 30572 (18.8%) and TMS 3
Page 54 and 55: Nigeria FAO (Food and Agriculture O
Page 56 and 57: Cameroon protocol, to enable valid
Page 58 and 59:
Cameroon Farmers undertook various
Page 60 and 61:
Cameroon Robertson, I. A. D. 1987.
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Uganda between November 1997 and Ja
Page 64 and 65:
Uganda environment, host plant heal
Page 66 and 67:
Uganda local varieties. Assessments
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Uganda Harrison, B. D. 1987. Proper
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Kenya Recent epidemiological studie
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Kenya respective diseases were reco
Page 74 and 75:
Kenya Bock, K. R. 1983. Epidemiolog
Page 76 and 77:
Tanzania CHAPTER 1.8 Tanzania Intro
Page 78 and 79:
Tanzania Adult whiteflies were more
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Tanzania loss) to assess yield loss
Page 82 and 83:
Tanzania Legg, J. P.; Raya, M. 1998
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Malawi Increased Biological Underst
Page 86 and 87:
Malawi Physiology and Ecology in th
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Madagascar Tanzania Madagascar Moza
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Madagascar surprising, particularly
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Diversity of African Cassava Mosaic
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Sweetpotato Virus Disease in East A
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Factors Associated with Damage CHAP
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Factors Associated with Damage Mean
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Factors Associated with Damage % SP
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Factors Associated with Damage thro
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Factors Associated with Damage Gedd
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Conclusions and Recommendations col
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Conclusions and Recommendations Mal
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Conclusions and Recommendations Mpi
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Conclusions and Recommendations com
Page 122 and 123:
Conclusions and Recommendations con
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Conclusions and Recommendations (2)
Page 126 and 127:
Conclusions and Recommendations Ger
Page 128 and 129:
SECTION TWO Whiteflies as Pests and
Page 130 and 131:
Introduction CHAPTER 2.1 Introducti
Page 132 and 133:
Introduction Czosnek, H.; Navot, N.
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Sudan cotton, leading to the introd
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Sudan Table 1. Reproductive host pl
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Sudan Historically, Sudan has been
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Sudan Only 10% of producers reporte
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Sudan Conclusions The work conducte
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Kenya CHAPTER 2.3 Kenya Introductio
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Kenya Increased Biological Understa
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Kenya Samples of 10 plants per fiel
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Kenya Table 4. Maximum incidence (%
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Kenya Seventy-nine percent of tomat
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Kenya under Phase 2 of the TWF-IPM
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Tanzania CHAPTER 2.4 Tanzania Intro
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Tanzania The reproductive host plan
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Tanzania Geographical range of whit
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Tanzania Local names given to white
Page 164 and 165:
Tanzania Nono-Womdim, R.; Swai, I.
Page 166 and 167:
Malawi levels of infestation by the
Page 168 and 169:
Malawi Table 3. Maximum incidence (
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Malawi (40%) believe that the white
Page 172 and 173:
Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in E.
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Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Conclusions and Recommendations CHA
Page 180 and 181:
Conclusions and Recommendations (Fi
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Conclusions and Recommendations Cen
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Conclusions and Recommendations the
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SECTION THREE Whiteflies as Vectors
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Introduction especially for export.
Page 192 and 193:
Mexico CHAPTER 3.2 Mexico Introduct
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Mexico Culiacán, Sinaloa, in north
Page 196 and 197:
Mexico Table 2. Virus survey of tom
Page 198 and 199:
Mexico results of the molecular bio
Page 200 and 201:
Mexico Strengthened Research Capaci
Page 202 and 203:
Mexico López, R. 1996. Experiencia
Page 204 and 205:
Guatemala 1960s, and at this time t
Page 206 and 207:
Guatemala Table 2. Results of white
Page 208 and 209:
Guatemala Table 5. Cropping systems
Page 210 and 211:
Guatemala contemplated in this prel
Page 212 and 213:
El Salvador CHAPTER 3.4 El Salvador
Page 214 and 215:
El Salvador During the course of th
Page 216 and 217:
El Salvador markets: common bean, m
Page 218 and 219:
El Salvador Current Status of White
Page 220 and 221:
Honduras Copan Ocotepeque Santa Bá
Page 222 and 223:
Honduras Table 3. Biotyping of whit
Page 224 and 225:
Honduras References Caballero, R. 1
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Nicaragua Nueva Segovia Madriz Este
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Nicaragua Lowlands of Nicaragua. Th
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Nicaragua Region VI is a main horti
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Costa Rica CHAPTER 3.7 Costa Rica I
Page 234 and 235:
Costa Rica Table 1. Characterizatio
Page 236 and 237:
Costa Rica Castillo, J. 1997. Movim
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Panama Bocas del Toro Chiriquí Ver
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Panama Gámez, R. 1970. Los virus d
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Haiti Grande-Anse Sud Grande-Anse S
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Haiti collaborators in this project
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Cuba Ciudad de la Habana Pinar del
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Cuba Table 3. Comparative homologie
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Cuba project provided three keynote
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Dominican Republic CHAPTER 3.11 Dom
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Dominican Republic monoclonal antib
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Dominican Republic Strengthened Res
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Reproductive Crop Hosts of Bemisia
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Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci CHAPTER
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Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci For this
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Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci 100 99 B
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Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci biotype
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Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci Table 2.
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Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci Already
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Conclusions and Recommendations gre
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SECTION FOUR Whiteflies as Pests of
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Introduction control, due to resist
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Introduction Posada, L. 1976. Lista
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Colombia and Ecuador B biotype B. t
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Colombia and Ecuador assistants and
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Colombia and Ecuador and squash. On
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Colombia and Ecuador Table 2. Main
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Colombia and Ecuador Table 6. Patte
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Insecticide Resistance in Colombia
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Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Conclusions and Recommendations res
Page 314 and 315:
Conclusions and Recommendations rot
Page 316 and 317:
SECTION FIVE Special Topics on Pest
Page 318 and 319:
Sustainable IPM through Host Plant
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Biological Control of Whiteflies by
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Progress of Cassava Mosaic Disease
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Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Management of the Cassava Mosaic Di
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Page 354 and 355:
Conclusions Conclusions The Tropica
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Conclusions whitefly pests and thus
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Conclusions developing countries, a
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Acronyms and Abbreviations Acronyms
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Acronyms and Abbreviations FIRA Fid
Page 364 and 365:
Acronyms and Abbreviations PROFRIJO
Page 366:
Acronyms and Abbreviations PYR pyre
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