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Whitefly and whitefly-borne viruses in the tropics : Building a ... - cgiar

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238<br />

Monte<br />

Cristi<br />

Valverde<br />

Dajabon Santiago<br />

Rodríguez<br />

Santiago<br />

Elías<br />

P<strong>in</strong>a<br />

San Juan<br />

Baoruco<br />

Barahona<br />

Puerto Plata<br />

La Vega<br />

Azua<br />

Advances <strong>in</strong> Biological<br />

Research<br />

Salcedo<br />

Monseñor<br />

Noube<br />

Peravia<br />

The first begomovirus of economic<br />

importance to be characterized at <strong>the</strong><br />

molecular level <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dom<strong>in</strong>ican<br />

Republic was BGYMV. This virus was<br />

isolated <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> early 1990s by <strong>the</strong><br />

senior author <strong>and</strong> later shown to be<br />

molecularly <strong>and</strong> serologically related to<br />

<strong>the</strong> Guatemalan isolate of BGYMV<br />

(Faria et al., 1994; Canc<strong>in</strong>o et al.,<br />

1995). The BGYMV isolate from <strong>the</strong><br />

Dom<strong>in</strong>ican Republic (San Juan de la<br />

Maguana) proved to be similar to<br />

BGYMV isolates from <strong>the</strong> Caribbean<br />

(Puerto Rica) <strong>and</strong> Central America<br />

(Guatemala). The BGYMV isolate from<br />

<strong>the</strong> Dom<strong>in</strong>ican Republic was shown to<br />

be a different species when compared<br />

with Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV)<br />

from Brazil. BGYMV affects over<br />

20,000 ha of common bean <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

Dom<strong>in</strong>ican Republic each year,<br />

particularly <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> south-western valley<br />

of San Juan de la Maguana. The<br />

Whiteflies <strong>and</strong> <strong>Whitefly</strong>-<strong>borne</strong> Viruses <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tropics<br />

Espaillat<br />

Duarte<br />

María<br />

Tr<strong>in</strong>idad<br />

Sánchez<br />

Sánchez<br />

Ramírez<br />

Distrito<br />

Nacional<br />

San<br />

Cristóbal<br />

Dom<strong>in</strong>ican Republic<br />

Samana<br />

Monte Plata Hato<br />

Mayor<br />

El Seibo<br />

La<br />

Altagracia<br />

San Pedro de La<br />

Macoris Romana<br />

La Romana<br />

Figure 1. The ma<strong>in</strong> agricultural regions affected by <strong>whitefly</strong>-transmitted begomo<strong>viruses</strong>, Dom<strong>in</strong>ican<br />

Republic.<br />

presence of a begomovirus <strong>in</strong>fect<strong>in</strong>g<br />

tomatoes <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dom<strong>in</strong>ican Republic<br />

was first noticed <strong>in</strong> 1992 <strong>and</strong><br />

subsequently identified as TYLCV from<br />

Israel (Polston et al., 1994; Polston <strong>and</strong><br />

Anderson, 1997). The <strong>in</strong>troduction of<br />

an exotic begomovirus from <strong>the</strong> Old<br />

World created a major p<strong>and</strong>emic<br />

throughout <strong>the</strong> Caribbean at a cost to<br />

tomato growers <strong>and</strong> tomato<br />

process<strong>in</strong>g plants worth millions of<br />

US dollars <strong>in</strong> yield/export losses<br />

(Dupuy, 1998).<br />

At <strong>the</strong> beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g of this project, <strong>in</strong><br />

April 1997, common bean samples<br />

were collected <strong>in</strong> San Juan de la<br />

Maguana <strong>and</strong> tomato samples <strong>in</strong> Azua,<br />

<strong>in</strong> south-western Dom<strong>in</strong>ican Republic.<br />

The common bean samples reacted<br />

with <strong>the</strong> broad-spectrum monoclonal<br />

antibody 3F7 as well as with <strong>the</strong><br />

monoclonal antibody prepared to <strong>the</strong><br />

Guatemalan isolate of BGYMV.<br />

However, <strong>the</strong> tomato samples did not<br />

react aga<strong>in</strong>st <strong>the</strong> broad-spectrum

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