Sustainable Agriculture Literature Review - Boulder County

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! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!G+!9#6-$! Tenure and Ownership Despite recent growth in beginner farmers, particularly women, the increase is still too small to offset declining numbers. The length of time farm operators have been working on their current farm in Colorado, and subsequently Boulder County, is considerably higher than it was 60 years ago. In the Rockies region, the percentage of operators who had been on their farm for less than five years was 39 percent in 1945, while, as of the latest census, only seven percent had operated their farm for less than five years in 2007. 720, 721 At present, the average tenure of farmers in Boulder County is 19.2 years, with only four percent of newer famers having been on their current farm for two years or less. 722 ! 723, 724 Figure 35: Change in Farm Tenure from 1945 to 2007 "''%" !,342#.5#6/1!78$.%3/23$1! 9.21$#23$1!:1;.1
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!G+!9#6-$! 9.3 Occupational Health and Performance Farm workers are a major asset to agricultural operations because they provide labor during critical agricultural production periods, however, they are one of the most economically disadvantaged groups in the U.S. 725, 726 Compared to other low-skill jobs (Figure 36), farm workers receive lower rates of compensation, averaging $350 - $425 a week. The average national agricultural wage in 2006 was $9.87 an hour, including the compensation of managers and supervisors. 727 Accounting only for non-supervisory positions, the average rate of compensation drops considerably to $6.25 an hour. The relatively low rates of compensation for farm workers is, according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Service (ERS), a partial result of a lack of other work opportunities for unauthorized workers. 728 ! Figure 36: Comparison of Low-skilled Compensation Rates 729 As a result of lower compensation rates, farm workers are at a higher risk of poverty than any other occupation. Already, 12 percent of people working in farming, fishing, and forestry occupations were in poverty, as shown in Graph 25. 730 Graph 25: Percent of Workforce in Poverty by Occupation 731 In addition to high poverty rates, unemployment rates for farmers are greater than the national average for all other occupations (Graph 26). 732 The USDA ERS attributes the high unemployment rates to the seasonality of farm work. On average, hired farm workers are employed for roughly the same number of weekly hours throughout the year, but the number of hired farm workers at any one time varies significantly through "''+" !,342#.5#6/1!78$.%3/23$1! 9.21$#23$1!:1;.1
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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LITERATURE
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Sustainable Agriculture Literature Review - Boulder County

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