Sustainable Agriculture Literature Review - Boulder County
Sustainable Agriculture Literature Review - Boulder County
Sustainable Agriculture Literature Review - Boulder County
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Table of Contents<br />
Executive Summary........................................................................................................ 7!<br />
1. Climate ......................................................................................................................... 9!<br />
1.1 Climate of Northern High Plains Colorado ............................................................ 10!<br />
1.2 Potential Impacts of Climate Change.................................................................... 14!<br />
1.3 Agricultural Impacts to the Atmospheric Climate................................................... 17!<br />
1.4 Mitigation and Sequestration of GHG Emissions in <strong>Agriculture</strong> ............................ 19!<br />
2. Energy........................................................................................................................ 24!<br />
2.1 Breakdown of Energy Use..................................................................................... 25!<br />
2.2 Energy Generation ................................................................................................ 31!<br />
3. Water Use .................................................................................................................. 36!<br />
3.1 Supply and Demand.............................................................................................. 37!<br />
3.2 Irrigation Management .......................................................................................... 40!<br />
3.3 Water Conservation............................................................................................... 45!<br />
4. Water Pollution.......................................................................................................... 48!<br />
4.1 Agricultural Water Pollution................................................................................... 49!<br />
4.2 Sediment Pollution ................................................................................................ 50!<br />
4.3 Fertilizers as Water Pollutants............................................................................... 51!<br />
4.4 Pesticides as Water Pollutants.............................................................................. 53!<br />
5. Soil Health ................................................................................................................. 55!<br />
5.1 Overview of Soils in <strong>Boulder</strong> <strong>County</strong>..................................................................... 56!<br />
5.2 Soil Conservation .................................................................................................. 56!<br />
5.3 Organic Matter, Cover Crops, and Green Manures .............................................. 64!<br />
5.4 Soil Amendments .................................................................................................. 69!<br />
6. Inputs ......................................................................................................................... 73!<br />
6.1 Agricultural Use of Inputs ...................................................................................... 74!<br />
6.2 Fertilizers............................................................................................................... 76!<br />
6.3 Pesticides.............................................................................................................. 79!<br />
6.4 Seeds .................................................................................................................... 79!<br />
6.5 Current Regulations .............................................................................................. 82!<br />
7. Pest Management ..................................................................................................... 87!<br />
7.1 Pesticide Usage .................................................................................................... 88!<br />
7.2 Application Rates of Pesticides............................................................................. 92!<br />
7.3 Pesticide Resistance............................................................................................. 98!<br />
7.4 Integrated Pest Management.............................................................................. 100!<br />
8. Biodiversity ............................................................................................................. 101!<br />
8.1 Food Security ...................................................................................................... 102!<br />
8.2 Impact of Reduced Biodiversity........................................................................... 104!<br />
8.3 Management ....................................................................................................... 108!<br />
9. Labor........................................................................................................................ 112!<br />
9.1 Agricultural Employment ..................................................................................... 113!<br />
9.2 Demographics ..................................................................................................... 115!<br />
9.3 Occupational Health and Performance ............................................................... 117!<br />
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