Sustainable Agriculture Literature Review - Boulder County

More documents

Recommendations

Info

! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!G+!9#6-$! the year. 733 The National Agricultural Statistics Service data in 2006 indicated that 1,195,000 hired farm workers were employed in mid-July, compared with only 796,000 in mid-January. 734 ! Graph 26: U.S. Unemployment Rates by Occupation in 2006 735 The USDA reports that across the United States farmers’ household income is comparable to that of the national median income. 736 However, a majority of this income is derived from non-farming activities, as presented in Graph 27. In this study, many farmers indicated that farming was not their primary occupation because off-farm activities contributed much more to their annual income. Graph 27: Average Farmer Household Income by Source from 1998-2004 737 "''," !,342#.5#6/1!78$.%3/23$1! 9.21$#23$1!:1;.1
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!G+!9#6-$! In addition to an overall decline in agricultural employment, farm operators are increasingly utilizing off-farm jobs for a source of secondary income. In Boulder County, 73 percent of operators reported having worked off the farm for a secondary source of income according to the 2007 Agricultural Census. The frequency of days worked off the farm increased for nearly all categories from 2002 to 2007 as shown in Figure 37. 738 ! Figure 37: Frequency of Non-Farm Work for Farm Operators in Boulder County 739 The rise in off farm employment is largely attributed to the need for extra income to maintain the farm and the need for employer sponsored health care coverage. 740 Due to the large prevalence of self-employment by farm operators and small businesses in rural areas, adults are less likely than those in urban areas to have health insurance through their employers. 741 Additionally, as smaller farms continue to face competition from larger farms, second jobs and urban markets for agricultural products help to provide a cushion for smaller operations. Health Issues The Agricultural Health Study (AHS) is a leading long-term study funded and directed by the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the US Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The study focused on the effects of environmental, occupational, dietary, and genetic factors on the health of the agricultural population. 742 The overall cancer occurrence among farmers and their spouses was found by the AHS study to be significantly less than that of other non-farm men and women of the same age. This was attributed to less frequent use of tobacco products by farmers and a greater frequency of physical activity on the job than the general population. 743 While the occurrence of cancer for farmers is generally lower, the AHS study found that farmers may have an increased likelihood of developing certain types of cancer due to farm- 744, 745 related occupational exposures. Specific types of cancer that were found to be in excess in the studied farm workers included lymphohematopoietic cancers, prostate cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, and brain tumors. 746, 747, 748, 749, 750 The increase of specific cancer rates among agricultural populations has been linked to exposures to sunlight, dusts, pesticides, and other chemicals present on the farm. The specific contributions from each of these factors towards the development of cancer in farm workers are not entirely certain and require additional research and analysis. 751 "''$" !,342#.5#6/1!78$.%3/23$1! 9.21$#23$1!:1;.1
Page 1 and 2:
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LITERATURE
Page 3 and 4:
! ! "#$%&!'())! ! !*+,-#./#012!34$.
Page 5 and 6:
! ! "#$%&!'())! ! !*+,-#./#012!34$.
Page 7 and 8:
! "#$%&!'())! ! 9:2%+-.72!*+;;#$
Page 9 and 10:
! ! !! "#$%&!'())! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 11 and 12:
! ! !! "#$%&!'())! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 13 and 14:
! ! !! "#$%&!'())! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 15 and 16:
! ! !! "#$%&!'())! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 17 and 18:
! ! !! "#$%&!'())! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 19 and 20:
! ! !! "#$%&!'())! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 21 and 22:
! ! !! "#$%&!'())! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 23 and 24:
! ! !! "#$%&!'())! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 25 and 26:
! !! "#$%&!'())! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!
Page 27 and 28:
! !! "#$%&!'())! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!
Page 29 and 30:
! !! "#$%&!'())! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!
Page 31 and 32:
! !! "#$%&!'())! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!
Page 33 and 34:
! !! "#$%&!'())! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!
Page 35 and 36:
! !! "#$%&!'())! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!
Page 37 and 38:
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 39 and 40:
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 41 and 42:
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 43 and 44:
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 45 and 46:
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 47 and 48:
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 49 and 50:
! !! "#$%&!'())!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!
Page 51 and 52:
! !! "#$%&!'())!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!
Page 53 and 54:
! !! "#$%&!'())!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!
Page 55 and 56:
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 57 and 58:
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 59 and 60:
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 61 and 62:
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 63 and 64:
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 65 and 66:
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 67 and 68: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 69 and 70: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 71 and 72: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 73 and 74: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 75 and 76: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 77 and 78: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 79 and 80: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 81 and 82: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 83 and 84: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 85 and 86: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 87 and 88: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 89 and 90: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 91 and 92: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 93 and 94: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 95 and 96: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 97 and 98: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 99 and 100: ! ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 101 and 102: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 103 and 104: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 105 and 106: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 107 and 108: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 109 and 110: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 111 and 112: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 113 and 114: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 115 and 116: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 117: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 121 and 122: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 123 and 124: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 125 and 126: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 127 and 128: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 129 and 130: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 131 and 132: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 133 and 134: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 135 and 136: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 137 and 138: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 139 and 140: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 141 and 142: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 143 and 144: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 145 and 146: ! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 147 and 148: ! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 149 and 150: ! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 151 and 152: ! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 153 and 154: ! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 155 and 156: ! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 157 and 158: ! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 159 and 160: ! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 161 and 162: ! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 163 and 164: ! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 165 and 166: ! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 167 and 168: ! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 169 and 170:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 171 and 172:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 173 and 174:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 175 and 176:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 177 and 178:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 179 and 180:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 181 and 182:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 183 and 184:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 185 and 186:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 187 and 188:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 189 and 190:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 191 and 192:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 193 and 194:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 195 and 196:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 197 and 198:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 199 and 200:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 201 and 202:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Page 203:
! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
show all

Sustainable Agriculture Literature Review - Boulder County

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?