Sustainable Agriculture Literature Review - Boulder County

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! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)(+!03B#5!01#/2&! As a result of the risk assessment process, to date, no biotech proteins in foods have been documented to cause allergic reactions, 816, 817, 818 though a number of studies have raised concerns of potential implications for allergic reactions. Despite several studies showing the potential for allergic reactions, or even specific cases of identified allergens, no commercially grown GE crop has been shown to cause allergic reactions owing to a transgenically introduced allergenic protein or a significant increase in the endogenous allergenicity of a crop. 819 At present, it is clear that if and when a protein gene is derived from a source with a history of allergenicity, there is a reasonable certainty that the GE crop will be allergenic. Unfortunately, many studies have highlighted that the use of a gene from something that 820, 821, is not allergenic will not guarantee that the GE crop will not possess allergenicity. 822 In the absence of reliable methods for allergenicity testing, particularly the lack of good animal models, it is very difficult to completely assess if a GE crop may be 823, 824 allergenic or not. ! "'(," !,342#.5#6/1!78$.%3/23$1! 9.21$#23$1!:1;.1
! !! "#$%&!'())!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!))+!9-%#/!H%-5-BF! Summary ! 11. Local Economy The agricultural market in Boulder County is strong overall. Between 2002 and 2007, agriculture in Boulder County and the State of Colorado saw an increase in market value of four and 34 percent respectively. During this same time period, Boulder County saw an increase in agricultural acreage of 28 percent, compared to two percent for the entire State. While some of these market gains were hampered by the recession, with a 19 percent decrease in agricultural net value for the State between 2008 and 2009, the market has remained relatively stable. Small farms ($10,000 to $249,000 gross cash income) represent a significant market value in Boulder County, accounting for about 28 percent of output, or nearly $9.8 million, a rate that is higher than the national average of 22 percent. Additionally, the County has added more small farms (less than 50 acres each) between 2002 and 2007 than any other size operation, though larger farms are still the dominant operation. As of 2007, about half a percent of productive acreage was devoted to organic production in Boulder County. Sales from organic products represented just under three percent of the total agricultural output in the County, which is much higher than the State average of less than one percent. One of the greatest challenges faced by small farms in Boulder County is finding markets for their products. While hard numbers are hard to come by, a number of smallfarm operations are participating in direct marketing of their products to local restaurants, farmers markets, and to a smaller extent farm shares or community supported agriculture. One of the largest challenges identified in the literature facing smaller farmers is being able to efficiently manage the logistics of direct marketing opportunities. Agriculture in Boulder County is increasingly coming under greater market competition for water and land resources as the population in the Front Range continues to expand. The increase in demand for municipal, industrial, and self-supplied industrial water is expected to be greater in the South Platte River Basin than anywhere else in Colorado. The value of agricultural land versus other development options can be difficult to quantify, however, studies conducted by Colorado State University demonstrated that converting agricultural land to residential use in Boulder County would actually cost the County more to provide community services than would be returned per every dollar of tax revenue generated. "'($" !,342#.5#6/1!78$.%3/23$1! 9.21$#23$1!:1;.1
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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LITERATURE
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Sustainable Agriculture Literature Review - Boulder County

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