Sustainable Agriculture Literature Review - Boulder County
Sustainable Agriculture Literature Review - Boulder County
Sustainable Agriculture Literature Review - Boulder County
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Border irrigation: An irrigation method used on nearly level fields that are planted close<br />
to growing crops. In border irrigation water soaks into the soil as it advances down<br />
narrow strips between the ridges. Uniform grades are necessary to ensure an even<br />
distribution of water and to prevent ponding. 883<br />
Bt crops: Crops that are genetically engineered to carry the gene from the soil<br />
bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. The bacteria produce a protein that is toxic when<br />
ingested by certain Lepidopteran insects. Crops containing the Bt gene are able to<br />
produce this toxin, thereby providing protection throughout the entire plant. 884<br />
Bt cotton: Cotton that is genetically engineered to control tobacco budworms,<br />
bollworms, and pink bollworms. 885<br />
Bt Corn: Corn that is genetically engineered to provide protection against the European<br />
corn borer. 886<br />
Cavitation: is the implosion of bubbles of air and water vapor and makes a very distinct<br />
noise like gravel in the pump. The implosion of numerous bubbles will eat away at an<br />
impeller and it eventually will be filled with holes. 887<br />
Controlled flooding: An irrigation method used on close-growing crops. Water is<br />
flooded down the slope between closely spaced field ditches. 888<br />
Conventional <strong>Agriculture</strong>: An industrialized agricultural system characterized by<br />
mechanization, monocultures, and the use of synthetic inputs such as chemical<br />
fertilizers and pesticides, with an emphasis on maximizing productivity and<br />
profitability. Industrialized agriculture has become “conventional” only within the last<br />
60 or so years (since World War II). 889<br />
Corrugation irrigation: A surface irrigation method where small channels or<br />
corrugations are used to guide water across a field. 890 This method is used on fields that<br />
do not have uniform grades. 891<br />
Cover crop: A cover crop is any crop grown to provide soil cover, regardless of whether<br />
it is later incorporated. Cover crops are grown primarily to prevent soil erosion by wind<br />
and water. 892<br />
Cross-pollinate: Cross-pollination occurs between two plants via wind, insects, or<br />
water. 893<br />
Desertification: The expansion of dry lands due to poor agricultural practices<br />
(overgrazing, degradation of soil fertility and structure, etc.), improper soil moisture<br />
management, salinization and erosion, forest removal, and climate change. 894<br />
DL-methionine: A concentrated form of methionine, one of the important building blocks<br />
of protein needed by birds for growth, feathering and egg production. Because animal<br />
protein by-products cannot be used and organic soybean meal is very expensive, most<br />
organic poultry diets use some purified methionine. All of the diets presented in this<br />
factsheet contain DL Methionine; failure to add it to the diets will result in poor<br />
production, uneven flocks, and in severe cases, cannibalism. 895<br />
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