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The story of convertible Sofa-Bed: reading the social change in Turkey through the design of an industrial product sofa-bed became widespread is Turkey. Here, characteristics of people or families sharing the same dwelling become the most decisive factor. Due to the structure of the family and the change in the number of family members such as care taking of children and elders that are not considered while buying or hiring the house, the inner organization and requirements of the house changes continuously. Thus, a house that does not seem insufficient at first is expected to be ‘flexible’ with time. Figure 4. Convertible sofa-bed in the ‘inner house’ (photo by Ozge Merzali Celikoglu). The position of convertible sofa-bed in the house has changed during years. When it first entered the house, it was perceived as luxury furniture alternating to divan and kutuphaneli divan, and it was placed in salons. After a while, within the effect of decreasing price, convertible sofa-bed is transported to back rooms, such as living rooms and children’s rooms. It did not really serve to conspicuous consumption but it is rather defined with its use and functionality. Today, convertible sofa-bed is still a part of Turkish everyday life. It exists with various models in different rooms of houses, in the background of old family photographs, in movies that reflect middle- or lower-class lifestyles and in humour magazines with caricaturized expressions. 5. Conclusion The widespread use of convertible sofa-bed in Turkey has two main reasons: The multi-functionality of the product and its correspondence with the socio-cultural background. Considering the multi-functionality of convertible sofa-bed, it serves as a unit that provides an extra bed but does not turn the room into a ‘bedroom’ providing a certain ‘flexibility’ for the house. In addition, it replaces yukluk by allowing storage in its own volume and draws a line between the rural and urbanized lifestyle. This multi-functional characteristic proposes a solution for the urbanization and housing problem in Turkey that has started with the in-migration wave from 1950s and reached its peak in 1980s. Within the socio-cultural background, the traditional habit of sitting and the hospitality culture are to be mentioned, which strongly re- late to rural lifestyle, but survived through the transition process to urbanized lifestyle. Convertible sofa-bed follows the traditional way of sitting as sedir, yukluk, divan and kutuphaneli divan did. It serves as an extra bed for guests in a small house because according to Turkish hospitality culture, a place for guests should always be provided no matter how insufficient the house is. To conclude, convertible sofa-bed is a product that proposes a solution for the problems in inner space caused by urbanization and in addition, it can respond to traditional sitting, laying and storing habits very well. Convertible sofa-bed with all its characteristics refers to those years of industrialization, in-migration and urbanization process of Turkey. Thus, it carries the traces of a society’s history with its physical configuration and multi-functionality, which signify the need to flexibility for the product itself and the need to flexibility for a society through a transition process. References Andrews, E. 2003. Conversations with Lotman: Cultural semiotics in Language, Literature and Cognition. Canada: University of Toronto Press. Ayata, S. 1988. Kentsel orta sinif ailelerde statu yarismasi ve salon kullanimi. Toplum ve Bilim, 42, 5-25. Barthes, R. 1957. Mythologies. London: Vintage Books. Bilgin, N. 1986. Cesitli Sosyo-Kulturel Gruplarda Esya Sistemleri ve Insan Esya Iliskileri. Istanbul: Teknografik Matbaasi. Cranz, G. 1998. The Chair. New York: W.W. Norton & Company Inc. Celikoglu, O. 2010. The story of convertible sofá-bed: A type of furniture witnessing social change in Turkey (in Turkish). Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Technical University of Istanbul, Institute of Science and Technology. Carkaci, N. 1994. Uluslararasi Endustri Urunleri Tasarimi Sempozyumu: Tasarim, Endustri ve Turkiye (ss.176-179), Hasdogan (Ed.), Ankara: ODTU Endustriyel Tasarim Yayinlari. Eric, M. & Ersoy, H. Y. & Yener, N. 1986. Gunumuz konutunda rasyonel donatim. Istanbul: Teknografik Matbaasi. Goker, M. 2009. Turklerde oturma elemanlarinin tarihsel gelisim sureci. Zeitschrift Für Die Welt Der Türken, 1 (1), 163-169. Kucukerman, O. 1998. Kendi mekâninin arayisi icinde Turk Evi. Istanbul: Apa Ofset Basımevi San. ve Tic. A.S. Tekeli, I. 1996. Turkiye’de yasamda ve yazinda konut sorununun gelisimi. Ankara: ODTU Basim Isligi. Turkdogan, O. 2002. Gecekondu insan ve kultur: Istanbul ornek olayi. Istanbul: Hilal Matbaa Ltd. Sti. About the author(s) Ozge Merzali Celikoglu, Research Assistant and PhD candidate at Design Frontiers: Territiories, Concepts, Technologies 574
MERZALI CELIKOGLU, Ozge / ER, Alpay the Department of Industrial Product Design at Istanbul Technical University (ITU). She received her B.Sc. and M.Sc., respectively in 2007 and 2011, from Istanbul Technical University and is studying towards her doctoral dissertation. Her research interests include material culture, ethnography, semantics, semiology and product language. Alpay Er, Professor the Head of the Department of Industrial Prod- uct Design at Istanbul Technical University (ITU). He received his B.ID from METU (Ankara, Turkey), and PhD from Manchester Metropolitan University (UK). He is a Fellow of Design Research Society (DRS), and an executive board member of International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (Icsid). His research interests include design strategy, policy, history and education in emerging countries, and Turkey. Design Frontiers: Territiories, Concepts, Technologies 575
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Priscila Lena Farias / Anna Calvera
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Design Frontiers: Territories, Conc
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The following chapter contains 28 p
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68 The Information Department at th
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179 Political Toys: Perón’s gift
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285 Design promotion in Belgium in
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396 Graphic innovations implemented
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502 The graphic translation by the
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612 About the editors / 613 About I
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Art, symbolism and power in Moche S
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JORDÁN, Régulo Franco Figure 5. H
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JORDÁN, Régulo Franco Figure 14.
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Pioneers of Brazilian Design CUNHA
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CUNHA LIMA, Guilherme Janeiro. In t
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Traditions, archaeologies and genea
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Traditions, archaeologies and genea
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History of design education Haruhik
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Academies of Art and schools of Des
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Academies of Art and schools of Des
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A fruitless misunderstanding: the h
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Japanese industrial design concepts
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AMAGAI, Yoshinori design new Japane
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Best Maugard, Elena Izcue and Theod
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BARBOSA, Ana Mae Figure 2. Surface
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BARBOSA, Ana Mae lic education. Mas
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Design history: from service subjec
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Design history: from service subjec
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Pevsner on Design education: meetin
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Pevsner on Design education: meetin
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Antipodean Design Science: applied
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WAITE, Noel nificant sea-change in
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Bauhaus pedagogy and digital design
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ANAY, Hakan / ÖZTEN, Ülkü concep
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ANAY, Hakan / ÖZTEN, Ülkü Ülkü
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The Information Department at the U
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The Information Department at the U
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Search for meaning: a study on the
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CAMARGO, Iara Pierro de / VELLOSO,
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CAMARGO, Iara Pierro de / VELLOSO,
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(not)Solving (non)problems: Design
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(not)Solving (non)problems: Design
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The role of typeface categorization
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A sparkle in people’s eyes PACHEC
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PACHECO, Heliana Soneghet / TOLEDO,
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Past, present and future of designe
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LIMA, Ana Gabriela Godinho / STEFAN
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John Ross’ pioneering role and co
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RYU, Hyun-guk The author(s) of this
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RYU, Hyun-guk The author(s) of this
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Teaching arts and crafts or the tec
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Teaching arts and crafts or the tec
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Design in Brazil: which revolution?
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NOBRE, Ana Luiza Nations Economic C
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The historical trajectory of the pi
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The historical trajectory of the pi
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Educational practice discourse on t
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OLIVEIRA, Izabel Maria de / COUTO,
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Identities and territories Oscar Sa
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The island of Italian Design? Some
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The island of Italian Design? Some
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Design without borders: the nomadic
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BARBOSA, Lara Leite be made with in
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BARBOSA, Lara Leite goods. A better
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Redesigning Turkish cult objects: f
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Redesigning turkish cult objects: f
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Incubation in isolation: how distan
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SMYTHE, Michael Figure 3. from left
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SMYTHE, Michael Figure 7. from left
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SMYTHE, Michael Figure 11. from lef
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Design Promises: the case study of
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BOONLAOR, Nanthana / CHUENRUDEEMOL,
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BOONLAOR, Nanthana / CHUENRUDEEMOL,
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Who’s who in brazilian design? No
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SOUZA LEITE, João de vironments. 4
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Territories of practice: convergenc
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TEASLEY, Sarah The author(s) of thi
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TEASLEY, Sarah The author(s) of thi
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Paradise identity, between projecti
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Paradise identity, between projecti
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Politics of fragility in Catalonia:
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MITRANI, Alex whether on a table to
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Designing ‘The House of Man’: F
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MEKINDA, Jonathan solini’s regime
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‘Swedish Modern’ meets internat
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HAGSTRÖMER, Denise specially commi
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Imported design ideas and its sprea
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CORTÉS, Dannae / CRUZ, Aura / GALL
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Political Toys: Perón’s gifts fo
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BENDESKY, Mora Figure 2. Mundo Pero
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The identity and design of the mode
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YOSHIMURA, Noriko cles were adopted
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Lira Popular, chilean broadsheets f
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MALACCHINI, Simoné pages had been
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MALACCHINI, Simoné Acknowledgment
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The signature of Portuguese posters
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The signature of Portuguese posters
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From the improvisation to the solut
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SILVA, Camila Assis Peres / LIMA, G
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Design of dissent: the multimodal d
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Figure 6/7/8/9. Glaser: 1997, Olive
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Design and the street GEIGER, Noni
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GEIGER, Noni Figure 2. Some spreads
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GEIGER, Noni Latour, B. 2008. “A
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Designing new tattoos technology. T
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Designing new tattoos 5. Conclusion
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Outside looking in: foreign percept
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Outside looking in: foreign percept
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Corporate identity in a global mark
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SKJERVEN, Astrid of the UK protecto
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Mapping and analysis possibilities
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PEREIRA, Fabiano Encourage recognit
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PEREIRA, Fabiano Figure 8. Filezim
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Graphic narratives of the domestic
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SOLóRZANO, Augusto / CORREA-ORTIZ,
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SOLóRZANO, Augusto / CORREA-ORTIZ,
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Place branding: graphic design’s
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CARDOSO, Helder / PERASSI, Richard
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CARDOSO, Helder / PERASSI, Richard
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Public information: Design, visibil
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Here we don’t speak, here we whis
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MATOS, Sónia interactive phenomena
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MATOS, Sónia Noë, A. 2004. Experi
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Modernity boundaries in the process
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Modernity boundaries in the process
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Packaging design in Portugal during
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Packaging design in Portugal during
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Ocuppy Design: São Paulo and New Y
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Ocuppy Design: São Paulo and New Y
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A practical experience on acting lo
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A practical experience on acting lo
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The doctrines of Good Taste BÁRTOL
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BÁRTOLO, Carlos the designed purpo
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BÁRTOLO, Carlos Rivero, Á. 2010.
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Between art and Industry The Factor
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Between art and Industry file of th
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Transforming territories and forgin
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Transforming territories and forgin
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The Belgian participation in the Mi
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Furnishing the street HERRING, Elli
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HERRING, Ellie 1963 onwards. There
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Design promotion in Belgium in the
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SERULUS, Katarina More concretely,
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SERULUS, Katarina 1954-1958. Brusse
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Carmen Miranda, Marca Brasil (Brazi
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Carmen Miranda, Marca Brasil (Brazi
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Sweden designed by Ikea ally clear,
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Sweden designed by Ikea ducers of h
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Opportunities and challenges for th
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Opportunities and challenges for th
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Design as strategy to improve woode
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NUNES, Viviane / ZURLO, Francesco P
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The Italian public system supportin
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MORTATI, Marzia / SIMONELLI, Giulia
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MORTATI, Marzia / SIMONELLI, Giulia
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Contributions of design: a tool to
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Techniques and technologies Paul At
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A survey on low-income housing rese
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A survey on low-income housing rese
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Design of elastic form with paramet
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LARA, Arthur H. / MAGRI, Paulo H. G
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LARA, Arthur H. / MAGRI, Paulo H. G
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Digital personal fabrication: socia
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Living system design Studio: from d
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PAIO, Alexandra / OLIVEIRA, Maria J
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PAIO, Alexandra / OLIVEIRA, Maria J
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The evolving terrain of the book: A
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The evolving terrain of the book: A
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Joining Up: evaluating technologica
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Joining Up: evaluating technologica
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Making Space: the future places, to
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Making Space: the future places, to
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Designing through the loop: program
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SILVA-JETTER, Jorge The following e
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SILVA-JETTER, Jorge importance to n
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Sewn or Simulated: transformational
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Sewn or Simulated: transformational
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The use of ceramics within the sign
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FERRAZ, Nicoli / ALVAREZ, Cristina
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FERRAZ, Nicoli / ALVAREZ, Cristina
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History, Design and technology in t
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History, Design and technology in t
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Design for glass: a study of the hi
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Design for glass: a study of the hi
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How to supply designers effectively
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ZITKUS, Emilene / LANGDON, Patrick
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ZITKUS, Emilene / LANGDON, Patrick
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Online platforms for the co-Design
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Online platforms for the co-Design
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Relationships between Neuroscience
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Relationships between Neuroscience
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The voices of the users: how techno
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ESSI, Kuure / LINDSTRÖM, Antti tec
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ESSI, Kuure / LINDSTRÖM, Antti Enc
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Graphic innovations implemented in
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Graphic innovations implemented in
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Firebird: Alex Steinweiss’ 78rpm
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Firebird: Alex Steinweiss’ 78rpm
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The presence of the autotype techni
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Dutch maps of Pernambuco from the s
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Dutch maps of Pernambuco from the s
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Co-ordinated design policy and the
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PRESTON, David Henrion and Parkin
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From ‘Do it yourself’ to ‘Ope
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MALDINI, Irene the stages of creati
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Contributions of improvisation tech
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MASSARA, Bruno Based on a deleuzian
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Human development design centered:
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FLORES MAGóN Y JIMÉNEZ, Héctor /
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FLORES MAGóN Y JIMÉNEZ, Héctor /
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Identity across boundaries. A study
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Identity across boundaries. A study
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Digital clothing manufacture: digit
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Digital clothing manufacture: digit
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How to go from the file to the fact
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BARBOSA, Wilson / CELANI, Gabriela
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Space, information and cosmology in
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BOECHAT, Marina Pantoja tween ‘ph
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The new imperialism: the internatio
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Frontiers of looking past: a Nietzs
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Frontiers of looking past: a Nietzs
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Design, histories, empires and peri
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Design, histories, empires and peri
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Mythification of national discourse
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Mythification of National Discourse
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Mythification of National Discourse
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Towards a digital batavia: resonanc
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Towards a Digital Batavia: Resonanc
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Questionable translatability: theco
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Questionable translatability: theco
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Eastern craft in Orientalism and Mo
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Eastern craft in Orientalism and Mo
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Mapping Cup & Saucer Design in the
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Mapping Cup & Saucer Design in the
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Mappin tells the history of graphic
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“Go you too to Amazonia”: analy
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“Go you too to Amazonia”: analy
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Organic Design, MoMA 1940: the brea
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Organic Design, MoMA 1940: the brea
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Modern design meets Latin America:
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Modern design meets Latin America:
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Lina Bo Bardi and Aloisio Magalhãe
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Lina Bo Bardi and Aloisio Magalhãe
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The graphic translation by the desi
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The Graphic Translation by the Desi
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The design of Manoel Bandeira: a hi
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The design of Manoel Bandeira: a hi
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Open strand Victor Margolin / Chair
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Brazilian Graphic Design in the ‘
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Brazilian Graphic Design in the ‘
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The Design of book bovers in Brazil
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The Design of book bovers in Brazil
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The design of Fred Jordan With his
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Page 525 and 526: Domestic technologies and moderniza
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Page 529 and 530: la escuela de Artes y Oficios de sa
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Page 533 and 534: Itineraries for a Design Culture in
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Page 545 and 546: Architectural lettering: from infor
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Page 563 and 564: Art criticism and the semantic cons
Page 565 and 566: Art criticism and the semantic cons
Page 567 and 568: Interieur Kortrijk, an edu-commerci
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Page 573: MERZALI CELIKOGLU, Ozge / ER, Alpay
Page 577 and 578: Vapourware and the agency of ideas
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Page 585 and 586: The collection of textbooks “Tape
Page 587 and 588: RAMIL, Chris standards for the layo
Page 589 and 590: “Their pen draws everything, as i
Page 591 and 592: Diniz, Kollontai The author(s) of t
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Page 613 and 614: About ICDHS / The International Com
Page 615 and 616: Emmanuel Ruffo / Institute for Arch
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