towards an analysis of errors made by university students ... - DSpace

no
some deictics, operating at d, have been excluded because they
have not constituted a difficult element in the translation of
ngps.
1 7
A rankshifted clause
is usually presented between a
double pair of brackets. See note 14 above.'
1 8
The Portuguese word 'ligeiramente' as it has been used
before the word 'movel' gives rise to a meaning similar to the
one conveyed either by SLIGHTLY-MOVING PARTICLE or SLIGHTLY-
MOBILE PARTICLE, that is to say, a particle which moves
or which can hardly
move.
slowly,
2S Another possible translation might be: '(.urna) partícula
movimentando-se com rapidez', however, in relation to the rest of
the text, the translation suggested in ii) seems to be more
appropriate.
20
We have chosen Av_ to indicate an adverb-head group, or
a group with a lexical adverb as headword. See SINCLAIR, p.205.
21
It should be remembered that our students are not to
be viewed as translators although teachers cannot overlook the
possibility of a rankshift which does not interfere with
comprehension; we do not expect students to achieve appropriate
transposition, or oblique translations without interference
with comprehension, as it is expected from translators, according
to AYORA, Gerardo Vazquez, already referred to in note 8 of
chapter 4. From our students' performance we consider that the
correct identification of the structural elements of a ngp of
two or more words and the relationships underlying those
structural elements are the least we can expect from them; if
the underlying relationships of (_m) and h require a rankshift
as a translation equivalent at (m) EL I students are expected
to be able to accomplish that rankshift at the appropriate (.m),
if there are two or more than two before h. As to this point,
Widdowson refers to the difficulty which ngps of the following
kind COPPER ELECTRODE, A CONDENSATION LOSS or A COMBUSTION
CHAMBER can cause "because the grammatical relations underlying
them can be quite different. 'A copper electrode' for example