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74 and 'recorrendo 1 , which have been translated at morpheme-bound rank, reflect students' limited knowledge of - i ng form as the only exponent of v in a verbal group. They do not know that "non-finite verbs are found in several structural places" 11 outside verbal group. They do not recognize an -ing form either operating at (m), or at h, as the translation of NORMAL BLADDER EMPTYING in T5N, into 'bexiga normal despejando/ esgotando' shows. 12 Besides giving rise to strange and sometimes deviant forms in Portuguese in face of the translation of the whole sentence where these ngps are inserted, errors like those in numbers 5 and 6 are evidence of the existing tendency to translate at work-rank. Morpheme-bound translations may be said to form one extreme of a scale if we were to produce a scaling classification of errors which concern this research. It is important to say that numbers 5 and 6 were counted up as wbt errors hecause 'ascendendo' and 'recorrendo' were not linked to any other group either preceding or following them; when one of the structural elements in a ngp which expounds an -ing form, or -ed form, is translated as one of the structural elements of another group which precedes or follows that ngp, the resultant translation is not included in the wbt error type, as we shall explain the types of errors made in the translation of EXPOSED METALS, in the description of errors ignored in this research. In the translation of the English ngps below, only an inversion in the sequence of their structural elements to get to their equivalents in Portuguese was necessary; that is. to say, a shift from (m) h (modifier plus headword) to h (_q)_
75 (headword plus qualifier). Thus, NORMAL EVENT in T6P should have been translated as NORMAL EVENT Cm) h ocorrência (q) normal just like: TISSUE INJURY (m) .h h lesão Cq) tecidual PRONOUNCED RENAL DAMAGE Cm) Cm) ^ h h Cq) Cq) lesao renal acentuada ASCENDING (ID) INFECTION V " (q) infecção ascendente RECURRING (m) ATTACKS h h' ataques (q) recorrentes The translation of some ngps, as THIS LATTER PART (TlOP) does not require a class-shift; LATTER also operates at (m) in its Portuguese equivalent 'segunda' or 'última'.
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VÂNIA DE BRITO SANGUINETTI FERREIR
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ACKNOWLEGMENTS . / It is a pleasure
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LIST or TABLES Table Page 1 Omissio
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RESUMO Esta dissertação tem como
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INTRODUCTION Since 1970 the Federal
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oth groups was 60; these 60 student
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5 their control of them might be. T
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CHAPTER 1 SYSTEMIC ANALYSIS OF ENGL
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a system in the study of ngps. Sinc
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11 called a qualifier (q). 11 Moreo
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. 13 We have concentrated our work
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1 5 'moderately', 'really', 'quite'
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17 be submodified by adverbs or sub
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19 nominal group in Portuguese; 'fo
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21 THE THIN, FLEXIBLE 'o magro, fle
Page 31 and 32: 23 and abstraction that would be ca
Page 33 and 34: 25 they usually precede the noun. T
Page 35 and 36: 27 30 lbid. p.170. SJ Ibid. p.173.
Page 37 and 38: 29 choice. The preparation of our s
Page 39 and 40: 31 in the text does not fit with wh
Page 41 and 42: 33 CHAPTER 3 READING COMPREHENSION
Page 43 and 44: "reading comprehension is not merel
Page 45 and 46: 37 forms of the message may be a re
Page 47 and 48: 39 "it is the circumstances (learne
Page 49 and 50: 41 highest level non-reciproca1 ski
Page 51 and 52: 43 Assuming that our students have
Page 53 and 54: 45 "extends beyond the level of sou
Page 55 and 56: 47 - similar task". 40 This transfe
Page 57 and 58: 49 involves requests, which are not
Page 59 and 60: 51 students' problems were involved
Page 61 and 62: 53 the conceptual system (or cognit
Page 63 and 64: 55 4S Ibid. p.126. We want to make
Page 65 and 66: 57 ability." 2 Subjective tests, on
Page 67 and 68: 59 identification of the structural
Page 69 and 70: 61 Introducción a la traductologia
Page 71 and 72: 63 The results have shown that some
Page 73 and 74: 65 opportunity to infer the correct
Page 75 and 76: 67 The number of students enrolled
Page 77 and 78: 69 long passages, exploitation of d
Page 79 and 80: 4. CONCRETE 5. CAN LIFE EXIST ON TH
Page 81: 73 r — 1 3. TISSUE INJURY transla
Page 85 and 86: 77 be seen as a transitory stage be
Page 87 and 88: 79 c. FEW .MOVING PARTS m m " h m h
Page 89 and 90: 81 structural elements in his Portu
Page 91 and 92: 83 e. uma da s ma is útil e modern
Page 93 and 94: 85 which has, in turn, been transla
Page 95 and 96: 87 counting up of ngps contained in
Page 97 and 98: 89 The ngps which have caused wbt a
Page 99 and 100: 91 the exponents of (m) and h. 5.6.
Page 101 and 102: Table 2 shows the number of non-spe
Page 103 and 104: 95 Table 3 Error rate per student,i
Page 105 and 106: 97 Table .4 .shows that the twenty-
Page 107 and 108: Table 5 " Wbt and i rg errors, numb
Page 109 and 110: Table 6 Wbt and i rg errors, number
Page 111 and 112: 103 In Table 7 we see that wbt arid
Page 113 and 114: 105 no wbt error was found in the o
Page 115 and 116: 107 were linked to the academic fie
Page 117 and 118: 109 ^CATFORD, p.78-9. y d, o, e, an
Page 119 and 120: in is 'an electrode which is made o
Page 121 and 122: 113 CONCLUSION The numbèr and the
Page 123 and 124: 115 TISSUE INJURY (T6N) tecido ofen
Page 125 and 126: 117 ( progress in their ability to
Page 127 and 128: i 119 RECOMMENDATIONS Some points n
Page 129 and 130: 121 approach to reading." 4 And as
Page 131 and 132: 123 t only, and gradually add a num
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125 < REFERENCES 01. AARTS, F.G.A.M
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127 29. & DAVIES, E Hughes. Further
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1 29 a consideration of two approac
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APPENDIX 1 1. TEXTS 1.1. Non - spec
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few genes, if any, are confined in
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purposes it is ideal. The electric
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Newsprint is used in the production
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.one time widely accepted view that
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eing that 'quantum' is a more, incl
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enters the water, and makes the riv
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ions produced in a volume of gas. S
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very closely packed together iri th
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all the way to the left colic flexu
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T5N " - Text number'5 - Nursing CYS
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fatigue, malnutrition, rickets. It
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is that of bacterial origin, common
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T14N - Text number 14 - Nursing CAL
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17. as necessidades do pais em dese
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THE COUNTRY'S UNIVERSITIES 58. univ
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... HEAD SHAPE 9. cabeça moldada (
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t 47. a altura, forma magra (2) LAR
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EVERYDAY THINGS 15. todo dia coisas
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45. a apresentação gradual da jun
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RELATIVE CHEAPNESS 82. relativa vul
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117. o aço (em posição de) refor
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159. o requisito de condições (7
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oportunidade da ocasião o curso do
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T8P - Text number 8 - THE QUANTUM T
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273. Planck's (e a entrada) constan
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alternando periodos (1) THE NEXT IN
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10. 11. do mundo das células d (2
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51. um resultado, diminuição (2)
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THE LEFT COLIC FLEXURE 93. flexura
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THE LEFT HALF (OF THE COLON) 139. a
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181. uma integrado feedback, contro
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um doente de uretra doença uretra
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265. tecido ofendido (3) 266. tecid
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309. o maior órgão de sensação
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piogenica ou virus infeccioso virus
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389 . (dois) sistemas (de rejeiçã
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uma causa lenta T10N - Text number
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CO •=1- desfavorável uterino C)
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514. vegetais em forma de gases (.2
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THE CHANGING NEEDS 8. as mudanças
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ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES 34. admin
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60. intervenção semítica de povo
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4. negroide raças SICKLE-CELL ANEM
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TEACHING LAW 1. o ensino de leis (4
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1. as mais útil moderna invençõe
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EXPOSED METALS 23. exposição de m
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INADEQUATE INSERTION OF RANKSHIFTED
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THE NORMAL EVENT 74. o normal event
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100. vi b ra ção propri edade (1)
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EXTREMELY DELICATE METHODS 123. ext
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21. um resultado em gotas (10) 22.
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45. o paciente com necessidade (2)
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locutor renal danificado SUBSEQUENT
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INADEQUATE INSERTION OF RANKSHIFTED
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Std %_ cidades universitarias 3 4,8
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THE 'NOBLE' METALS Std o nobre meta
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HEAD SHAPE - Std cabeça moldada 2
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ASCENDING INFECTION refluxo infecta
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metal reforços STRETCHED STEEL WIR
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Std % foice-celula de anemia 1 1,61
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STRUCTURAL STEEL Std % estrutura de
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THE THIN, FLEXIBLE DRUM a delgada f
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CHRONIC PULMONARY OR CARDIAC DISEAS
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ELECTRIC SUPPLY LINE Std eletricida
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NORMAL BLADDER EMPTYING Std % norma
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List XIV Singular for plural with t
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z = (126 - g, 5) - no = 15,50 ] 8Q
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the ngps e= 12.02 : V H^0- 2 „ 12
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SERVIÇO PÜBÜCO FEDERAL UNIVERSID
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