towards an analysis of errors made by university students ... - DSpace

53
the conceptual system (or cognitive structure) of the individual
i. e. language as a symbolic system". .
15 lb\d. p.113.
16
Ibid. p.115. Corder always refers to 1 second 1anguage'
which stands for our 'foreign language' concept in this work.
17 Ibid. p. 116.
18'
WIDDOWSON, H. G. Teaching language as communication..
Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1978. p.61.
7 o
Ibid. p.58. He illustrates the distinctions between
speaks as usage verb and as a use verb, with some examples in:
She speaks clearly or She speaks slowly and distinctly; in these
examples he is using the term s peak to refer to the manner in
which language is manifested; in 'She s peaks frankly about her
marital difficulties' he is using the term to refer to the
manner in which language is realized as communication.
20 lb id. p. 63
2i Ibid.
2 2 I b i d. p.64.
23 Ibid. p.66.
24 1bi d. p.67
"
25 Ibi d.
P fí
Ibid. For Widdowson linguistic skills comprise speaking
hearing, composing and comprehending; those refer to the way in
which the language system is manifested as usage; communicative
abilities comprise saying, lis tening, writing, rea di ng , talking,
corresponding and interpreting, which' have to do with how the
system is realized as use.
2? Ibid. p>66.
2S Ibid.