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towards an analysis of errors made by university students ... - DSpace

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fatigue, malnutrition, rickets. It is commonly a mild<br />

disease,<br />

but may be serious in debilitated patients <strong>an</strong>d those with<br />

chronic pulmonary or cardiac disease; the special<br />

d<strong>an</strong>ger is<br />

the development <strong>of</strong><br />

pneumonia.<br />

Recurring attacks suggest a focus <strong>of</strong> infection, such<br />

as chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis or, in children,<br />

hypertrophied tonsils <strong>an</strong>d adenoids. Allergic factors frequently<br />

#<br />

are import<strong>an</strong>t. Acute bronchial<br />

irritation <strong>an</strong>d inflammation may<br />

be caused <strong>by</strong> such physical <strong>an</strong>d chemical irrit<strong>an</strong>ts as mineral<br />

<strong>an</strong>d vegetable dusts <strong>of</strong> various kinds, strong acid fumes,<br />

ammonia,<br />

certain volatile org<strong>an</strong>ic solvents, chlorine, hydrogen<br />

sulfide,<br />

sulfur dioxide, or bromine. Tobacco smoke Ost or 2nd h<strong>an</strong>d) is<br />

a tracheobronchial irrit<strong>an</strong>t for m<strong>an</strong>y individuals.<br />

(/rom THE MERCK MANUAL OF DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY, p.<br />

1306)<br />

T9N - Text number 9. - Nursing<br />

, HABITUAL ABORTION<br />

Defined as three successive spont<strong>an</strong>eous abortions,<br />

this is uncommon (0.33 per cent) <strong>an</strong>d requires<br />

a more comprehensive<br />

evaluation <strong>of</strong> the couple to rule out systemic, endocrine or<br />

cytogenetic factors. In the first trimester endocrine deficiencies<br />

(luteal phase <strong>of</strong> steroid production} are the more common factors.<br />

In the second trimester the cause is usually <strong>an</strong>atomic<br />

factors<br />

<strong>of</strong> either congenital or pathologic origin. If these are not<br />

recognized, they serve as the basis for repeated abortions<br />

which<br />

most <strong>of</strong>ten require surgical treatment. The <strong>an</strong>omalies that may<br />

produce habitual abortion are septate or bicornuate unicollis<br />

uteri; the double or didelphic uterus will usually carry pregn<strong>an</strong>cies

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