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towards an analysis of errors made by university students ... - DSpace

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Usually in a concrete beam, much <strong>of</strong> the concrete<br />

simply holds the steel reinforcement in position. It c<strong>an</strong> be<br />

used much more effectively if it is 'stressed' before being<br />

subject to <strong>an</strong> external load. Concrete c<strong>an</strong> be 'pre-stressed'in<br />

two ways. In the first method, the concrete is poured around<br />

stretched steel wires which are released only when the concrete<br />

has set. The other method is to pour the concrete<br />

around<br />

polythene tubes. When the concrete sets, steel wires are pulled<br />

through the tubes <strong>an</strong>d stretched. This is called 'built in'<br />

stress.<br />

In order to save time, m<strong>an</strong>y builders<br />

prefer to use<br />

a number <strong>of</strong> prefabricated units. The use <strong>of</strong> prefabricated concrete<br />

units has <strong>made</strong> it possible to build very rapidly.<br />

T5P - Text number 5 - Physics<br />

CAN LIFE EXIST ON THE PLANETS?<br />

(Part One)<br />

(From chapter VII <strong>of</strong> THE UNIVERSE AROUND US <strong>by</strong> SIR<br />

JAMES JEANS,<br />

F.R.S.)<br />

. Actually we know <strong>of</strong> no type <strong>of</strong> astronomical body<br />

in which the conditions c<strong>an</strong> be favourable to life except pl<strong>an</strong>ets<br />

like our own revolving around the sun. Even these may be too<br />

hot or too cold for life to obtain a footing. In the solar<br />

system, for inst<strong>an</strong>ce, it is hard to imagine life existing on<br />

Mercury or Neptune since liquids boil on the former <strong>an</strong>d freeze<br />

hard on the<br />

latter.<br />

Even when all the requisite conditions are<br />

satisfied,<br />

will life come or will it not? We must probably discard the at

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