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Data on distribution and abundance of red king crab are essential for predictions of potential oil and gas development impacts, particularly in regards to early life history stages which may be most susceptible to hydrocarbon toxicity (Armstrong, et al. 1983a,b). Distribution seems to be coupled, in part, to physical oceanographic domains which, for the SEBS shelf including Bristol Bay, are the coastal, middle and outer shelf domains that extend to about the 50 m, 100 m and 200 m isobaths, respectively (Kinder and Schumacher 1981a; Figure 1.2-1). Throughout this area red king crab are distributed somewhat in accord with sex and life history stage. In general, female and small male king crabs (
entering the fishery have declined nearly threefold from 64 to 17 million, leading to predictions of several consecutive years of poor fisheries. Abundance estimates of legal male crabs dropped from over 45 million animals in 1979 to about five million in late 1982; (M. Hayes, NMFS, Seattle, pers. communication; Otto, et al. 1982) which has resulted in the severe reductions in commercial landings. Change in abundance of king crab populations is an important biological factor considered later in discussing oil impacts. Cycles of abundance suggest that year class failure or success may be based on survival of critical life history stages such as larvae or young juveniles, likely in nearshore habitats. Instantaneous mortality rates of juvenile and sublegal, sexually mature crab are estimated to be low, about 0.10 yr-¹ until entering the fishery (Balsiger 1976; Reeves and Marasco 1980). Consequently the magnitude of a future fisheries cohort is largely determined by the reproductive success and survival of larvae and young-of-the-year (0+ crab) in nursery areas. Vagaries of temperature, food supply and predator populations are factors probably affecting survival, but as yet are poorly studied. In addition, the number and location of spawning females may significantly influence larval survival and location of megalopae relative to optimal substrate at metamorphasis (Armstrong, et al. 1983b). Additional information on these topics are also important objectives of the present study. Female abundance and geographic location have shifted from high numbers nearshore off Unimak Island to Port Heiden in the late 1970s to very low abundance nearshore along the entire NAS, and a redistribution over the central shelf domain (Armstrong, et al. 1983b). Potential oil perturbations could add to natural pressures on larval and juvenile populations and further suppress stocks. 1.3.2 Reproduction During late winter and early spring in the Gulf of Alaska, adult males apparently migrate from deeper, offshore areas to join females in 287
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Outer Continental Shelf Environment
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OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ENVIRONMENT
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Outer Continental Shelf Environment
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures 5
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1. BIOS si
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. Table 3.1
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SUMMARY Infaunal bivalve molluscs f
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FINAL REPORT on BAFFIN ISLAND EXPER
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they have little or no ability to m
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2. HYDROCARBON BIOACCUMULATION 2.1
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Table 2.1. Summary of oil concentra
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some of the oil during the period b
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Figure 2.3. Variation of aromatic h
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Figure 2.5. Mya truncata-GC 2 profi
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Figure 2.7. Aromatic profiles from
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Figure 2.9. Mya truncata aromatic p
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Figure 2.11. Mya truncata-GC 2 prof
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Figure 2.13. Concentrations of oil
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Figure 2.15. Mya truncata-Bay 11 (a
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Figure 2.17. Variation of aromatic
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Figure 2.19. Serripes groenlandicus
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Figure 2.23. Aromatic hydrocarbon p
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Figure 2.30. Astarte aromatic profi
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Figure 2.34. Aromatic hydrocarbon G
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Astarte, Bay 9, 1-day post-spill, 7
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increase in water-borne oil concent
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decision based on GC 2 . Oil levels
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profiles of tissue extracts of the
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A similar differential behavior of
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Table 3.1. Dates of collection and
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Fixed specimens from the 1981 colle
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Table 3.4. Summary of histopatholog
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Table 3.6. Summary of histopatholog
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Figure 3.1. Granulocytoma in testis
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Figure 3.5. Excessively vacuolated
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4. BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF OIL The o
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Table 4.1. Carbohydrates and lipids
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Table 4.2. Concentrations of petrol
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Table 4.4. Mean concentrations of f
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In clams collected immediately befo
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Table 4.7. A summary of associated
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parameters measured. Clams from the
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alone was more gradual and reached
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interfered with feeding, gonadal de
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Brown, R.S., C.W. Brown, and S.B. S
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Malins, D.C. 1982. Alterations in t
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APPENDIX I: PANH COMPOUNDS IN OIL 1
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SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT **
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT **
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT
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FILE NUMBER 12421
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XX SPECTRUM DISPLAV/EDIT **
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAVY/EDIT **
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APPENDIX III: ASTARTE BOREALIS: BAY
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Page 142 and 143:
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT**
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT **X
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APPENDIX V: SERRIPES GROENLANDICUS:
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Page 162 and 163:
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FEEDING ECOLOGY OF JUVENILE KING AN
Page 168 and 169:
DIETARY COMPOSITION ...............
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Figure 13a. Loss of precipitin reac
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Table 10. Dietary composition of ju
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ABSTRACT To determine the food requ
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FEEDING ECOLOGY OF JUVENILE KING AN
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Figure 1.--Station locations during
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Figure 3. Station locations during
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efore freezing. From large catches
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percentage of the maximum stomach v
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The amount evacuated is given by th
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examined entered the dry weight ana
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Battelle's Pacific Northwest Divisi
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tows and trawling as techniques for
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Stomach fullness plotted against ti
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Figure 4. Decay curve for the clear
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life of the compartment. Similarly,
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Figure 6. Exponential decay curve f
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Figure 8. Exponential decay curve f
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A comparison of the equations in Ta
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hard parts with the palps and then
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Figure 10. Standardized dry weight
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Table 5. Diel feeding chronology fr
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These results are comparable to tho
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Figure 12. The frequency of newly d
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Table 7. Continued
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Table 9. Dietary composition (% fre
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Table 11. Dietary composition of ju
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Table 12. Dietary composition (% fr
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Table 14. Soft tissue to hard tissu
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Table 16. Dietary composition (% of
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polychaetes in both June and August
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Table 18. Continued 221
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and, therefore, had a caloric value
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Table 21. Caloric intake from vario
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Page 239 and 240:
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Table 27. Results of visual examina
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They were then fed thawed juvenile
Page 245 and 246: eing tested rather than to cross re
Page 247 and 248: against its respective antigen and
Page 249 and 250: Table 29. Results of visual examina
Page 251 and 252: DISCUSSION IMMUNOASSAY The immunolo
Page 253 and 254: juvenile king crabs may depend on c
Page 255 and 256: Table 32. Comparison of August diet
Page 257 and 258: stomach contents but soft-bodied po
Page 259 and 260: The assumption that, at least for t
Page 261 and 262: shows high similiarity between the
Page 263 and 264: supply requires prediction of the s
Page 265 and 266: have been shown to readily and rapi
Page 267 and 268: Using the diel feeding chronologies
Page 269 and 270: to 70 m, potential effects from dis
Page 271 and 272: REFERENCES Addy, J. M., D. Levell,
Page 273 and 274: Hill, B. J. 1976. Natural food, for
Page 275: Tyler, A. V, 1973. Caloric values o
Page 279: CLARIFICATION All references to "se
Page 282 and 283: 4.0 DISCUSSION ....................
Page 284 and 285: Figure 3.2-2 Cruise 83-3 larval red
Page 287 and 288: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was ori
Page 289 and 290: ABSTRACT The goal of this study was
Page 291 and 292: SECTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION The red ki
Page 293 and 294: 1.1 Study Objectives The goal of th
Page 295: than 50 m. The oceanography of the
Page 299 and 300: females. This relationship supports
Page 301 and 302: time to temperature. Time from egg-
Page 303: Juvenile crab in 2+ to 3+ age class
Page 306 and 307: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB CRUISE 83
Page 310 and 311: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB STATION I
Page 312 and 313: 2.1.2 Field Gear and Sampling Metho
Page 314 and 315: consisted of 24 hours on all cruise
Page 316 and 317: were recorded for subsamples of lar
Page 318 and 319: 200 individuals of the most common
Page 320 and 321: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB STUDY ARE
Page 322 and 323: Epibenthic density and biomass data
Page 336 and 337: little vertical temperature stratif
Page 338 and 339: TABLE 3.1-1 (continued) 328
Page 340 and 341: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB PERCENT G
Page 342 and 343: etween Unimak Island and Port Molle
Page 344 and 345: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB SIDE-SCAN
Page 346 and 347:
BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB CRUISE 83
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TABLE 3.2-1 MEAN LARVAL RED KING CR
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stations in this area where larval
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three-day period in June showed rat
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB DIEL VERT
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TABLE 3.3-1 GEOMETRIC MEAN DENSITIE
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during the June cruise (83-3). duri
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TABLE 3.4-2 NUMBER OF POST LARVAL R
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TABLE 3.4-3 NUMBER OF POST LARVAL R
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB TRYNET SA
Page 366 and 367:
BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB TRYNET AN
Page 368 and 369:
BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB DISTRIBUT
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
NORTH ALEUTIAN BASIN RED KING CRAB
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TABLE 3.5-3 CORRELATION MATRIX FOR
Page 376 and 377:
TABLE 3.5-5 CORRELATION MATRIX FOR
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
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at one 50 m deep TB station west of
Page 384 and 385:
TABLE 3.6-2 SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL I
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TABLE 3.7-1 SUMMARY OF TRYNET CATCH
Page 388 and 389:
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group AB, especially the fish speci
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB LARVAL DE
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB LARVAL DE
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB KNOWN CIR
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Bay and west to Cape Newenham. The
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB 1978, 197
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protection against predators, as we
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which provides for adequate food (i
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4.5 Potential Effects of Oil and Ga
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to a great extent tidally driven, t
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(1983b), the same volume of oil is
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB SURFACE O
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Overt, rapid mortality of adult cra
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viability of the gametes is impaire
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detected by chemosensory organs. Pe
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and Alaskan species of shrimp and c
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interannual variability in abundanc
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that are killed by oil north of Uni
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Long-term, sublethal effects may al
Page 428 and 429:
Botsford, L. and D. Wickham. 1978.
Page 430 and 431:
Harris, R.P., V. Bergudugo, E.D.S.
Page 432 and 433:
Kurata, H. 1961. Studies on the lar
Page 434 and 435:
Paul, A.J., J. Paul, P. Shoemaker a
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Takeuchi, I. 1962, trans. 1967. On
Page 439:
APPENDIX A MEAN LARVAL RED KING CRA
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APPENDIX B TRAWL GEAR TYPES USED BY
Page 445:
APPENDIX C: TRAWL/DREDGE NOTES 435
Page 448 and 449:
APPENDIX C (continued) 438
Page 450 and 451:
Page 452 and 453:
Page 454 and 455:
Page 456 and 457:
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462 and 463:
Page 465 and 466:
APPENDIX D GUT CONTENT ANALYSIS FIE
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APPENDIX D (continued) 457
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APPENDIX E: MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESS
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APPENDIX E (continued) 462
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
Page 478 and 479:
Page 480 and 481:
Page 483:
APPENDIX F: JUVENILE RED KING CRAB
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APPENDIX F (continued) Figure Fl. S
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DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF DECAP
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4.0 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF T
Page 494 and 495:
8.3 Larval Decapod Biology, Sensiti
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Figure 3.4 Figure 3.5 Figure 3.6 Fi
Page 498 and 499:
Figure 5.8 Distribution and abundan
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Figure 6.29 Distribution and abunda
Page 502 and 503:
Table 4.5 Table 4.6 Table 5.1 Table
Page 505 and 506:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are indebted to
Page 507 and 508:
1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Justif
Page 509 and 510:
Larval stages are generally conside
Page 511 and 512:
extent in 1982) did we have the opp
Page 513:
The sections of this report describ
Page 516 and 517:
Table 2.1. Dates and sources of zoo
Page 518 and 519:
techniques which attempt to equally
Page 520 and 521:
verification of results or examinat
Page 522 and 523:
cation of these larvae and the vari
Page 524 and 525:
meters) was often similar (generall
Page 526 and 527:
Bongo frame, the MOCNESS frame cann
Page 528 and 529:
abundance within strata were made b
Page 530 and 531:
520
Page 532 and 533:
522
Page 534 and 535:
524
Page 536 and 537:
526
Page 538 and 539:
528
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Figure 2.21 Locations and boundarie
Page 542 and 543:
Figure 3.1. Location of proposed le
Page 544 and 545:
characterized as part of the subarc
Page 546 and 547:
Fig. 3.4. Distribution of male red
Page 548 and 549:
Figure 3.5. Abundance estimates of
Page 550 and 551:
pheromone cues could impair males'
Page 552 and 553:
on larvae hatched elsewhere, includ
Page 554 and 555:
aggregations could influence suscep
Page 556 and 557:
Fig. 3.7a. Distribution and relativ
Page 558 and 559:
the benthic habitat associated with
Page 560 and 561:
conclusions of Slizkin (1973) who r
Page 562 and 563:
A further observation germane to th
Page 564 and 565:
Fig. 3.10. Major king crab catch ar
Page 566 and 567:
3.4 Results 3.4.1 Distribution and
Page 568 and 569:
11 and 12 (Figs. 3.11, 3.12). Too f
Page 570 and 571:
Table 3.1. Number of zooplankton sa
Page 572 and 573:
Because of the poor spatial coverag
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made them imperfect in areas (Fig.
Page 576 and 577:
Table 3.2. A summary of larval red
Page 578 and 579:
Fig. 3.15. Distribution and relativ
Page 580 and 581:
Fig. 3.16. Interannual differences
Page 582 and 583:
[An interesting note on annual abun
Page 584 and 585:
Fig. 3.17a. Frequency of occurrence
Page 586 and 587:
The occurrence of a multi-stage lar
Page 588 and 589:
megalopae. These combinations of ye
Page 590 and 591:
to early August (Fig. 3.17b), and s
Page 592 and 593:
Fig. 3.21. Vertical distribution of
Page 594 and 595:
consequences of oil exposure scenar
Page 596 and 597:
abundance in time and space is corr
Page 598 and 599:
Female crabs were abundant in strat
Page 600 and 601:
observing that: 1) the mature femal
Page 602 and 603:
Much research on king crab biology
Page 604 and 605:
12) Determine interannual differenc
Page 606 and 607:
around the traditional king crab fi
Page 608 and 609:
Table 4.1. Historic U.S. Tanner cra
Page 610 and 611:
(NMFS) since the early 1970's. In a
Page 612 and 613:
Fig. 4.2b Centers of abundance of b
Page 614 and 615:
4.3 Reproduction and Description of
Page 616 and 617:
oth species for 80 mm specimens, bu
Page 618 and 619:
from all stations were pooled for v
Page 620 and 621:
Fig. 4.4. Timing of appearance of l
Page 622 and 623:
Table 4.3. Timing of appearance of
Page 624 and 625:
megalops larvae of both species and
Page 626 and 627:
Table 4 . 5 .Proportion of Stage II
Page 628 and 629:
Fig. 4.5. Temporal aspects of devel
Page 630 and 631:
assumes a relatively homogeneous di
Page 632 and 633:
Methods for analysis of depth distr
Page 634 and 635:
Fig. 4.7. Vertical distribution of
Page 636 and 637:
were found in the upper 40 m. Eight
Page 638 and 639:
From the diel stations, 10% or more
Page 640 and 641:
difficulties in quantitatively samp
Page 642 and 643:
Page 644 and 645:
The distribution patterns for C. ba
Page 646 and 647:
3. Most of the larval hatchout occu
Page 649 and 650:
5.0 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF O
Page 651 and 652:
Table 5.2. Early life history infor
Page 653 and 654:
tions are not available for them. D
Page 655 and 656:
to as wide as 250 mm wide by a maxi
Page 657 and 658:
alutaceus larvae were collected fro
Page 659 and 660:
Table 5.3. Species list of non-Chio
Page 661 and 662:
annually, which resulted in little
Page 663 and 664:
Figure 5.1 Vertical distribution of
Page 665 and 666:
examining their vertical larval dis
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also July of 1981. Within strata, b
Page 669 and 670:
Figure 5.3 Seasonal occurrence of l
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Figure 5.5 Mean density and one sta
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Long-shelf density of Erimacrus lar
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Figure 5.6 Frequency-of-occurrence
Page 677 and 678:
Page 679 and 680:
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Figure 5.10 Distribution of mean de
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Figure 5.12 Distribution of mean de
Page 685 and 686:
at 21% of all stations sampled and
Page 687 and 688:
Table 5.7. Frequency of occurrence
Page 690 and 691:
1980
Page 692 and 693:
2) In May and June of all years com
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Figure 5.15 Locations and densities
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excess of 100,000/100 m² were foun
Page 698 and 699:
Page 700 and 701:
Distribution and Abundance: Larvae
Page 702 and 703:
Table 5.10. Stratum number Frequenc
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Figure 5.20. Mean density and one s
Page 706 and 707:
Pandalus borealis - Haynes 1979 Pan
Page 708 and 709:
Table 6.1. Comparison of life histo
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this age are non-reproducing or ste
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Bering Sea stocks during the early
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in the Bering Sea but Butler (1980)
Page 716 and 717:
6.3 Hippolytidae The Hippolytidae a
Page 718 and 719:
summer food for spotted seals. Fede
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21% of the 1976 tows (Feder 1978).
Page 722 and 723:
Figure 6.1 Frequency of occurrence
Page 724 and 725:
Page 726 and 727:
A stage frequency histogram for P.
Page 728 and 729:
Figure 6.4 Pandalus tridens stage f
Page 730 and 731:
ottom. A pandalid larval type that
Page 732 and 733:
Pandalopsis dispar was taken only o
Page 734 and 735:
Page 736 and 737:
Page 738 and 739:
Figure 6.10 P. borealis larval abun
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outer shelf with the oceanic area b
Page 742 and 743:
Since P. tridens occurred less freq
Page 744 and 745:
Page 746 and 747:
outer shelf during those years. Sam
Page 748 and 749:
Figure 6.16 Vertical depth distribu
Page 750 and 751:
Page 752 and 753:
SI zoeae were first taken in March
Page 754 and 755:
Page 756 and 757:
Page 758 and 759:
Table 6.7. Cross-shelf comparison o
Page 760 and 761:
during PROBES 1980 and 1981 samplin
Page 762 and 763:
4) Larvae were distributed homogene
Page 764 and 765:
Figure 6.25 Crangon spp. stage freq
Page 766 and 767:
Figure 6.26 Argis spp. distribution
Page 768 and 769:
Page 770 and 771:
Page 772 and 773:
Figure 6.31 Crangon spp. larval abu
Page 774 and 775:
Page 776 and 777:
2) The intermolt period of about 2
Page 778 and 779:
Figure 6.33, these deepwater shrimp
Page 780 and 781:
Page 782 and 783:
Page 784 and 785:
3) Larvae were in the water column
Page 787 and 788:
7.0 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF H
Page 789 and 790:
Table 7.2. Reproductive data for fo
Page 791 and 792:
and 1976 (between the Pribilof Isla
Page 793 and 794:
Figure 7.1 Paguridae stage frequenc
Page 795 and 796:
Page 797 and 798:
Page 799 and 800:
Page 801 and 802:
Figure 7.6 Mean larval densities of
Page 803 and 804:
Figure 7.8 Vertical depth distribut
Page 805:
3) Larval duration in the plankton
Page 808 and 809:
and oil transport developed for the
Page 810 and 811:
Figure 8.1 Current directions and n
Page 812 and 813:
discussed by participants at the St
Page 814 and 815:
Larval Feeding: Studies with other
Page 816 and 817:
and high resultant mortality. Sonnt
Page 818 and 819:
The third reproductive effect invol
Page 820 and 821:
to and impact on, pelagic and benth
Page 822 and 823:
3. Oil was mixed to a 50-m depth in
Page 824 and 825:
synthesis as mutagenic/teratogenic
Page 826 and 827:
One or two very weak year-classes r
Page 828 and 829:
were covered by lower concentration
Page 830 and 831:
Figure 8.3 Surface oil trajectories
Page 832 and 833:
are to the west-southwest (Fig. 8.4
Page 834 and 835:
Large volumes of oil reaching shall
Page 836 and 837:
of time in the neuston layer. If th
Page 838 and 839:
in this area and so deleterious eff
Page 840 and 841:
4. Exposure of developing eggs and
Page 843 and 844:
LITERATURE CITED Adams, A. E. 1979.
Page 845 and 846:
Butler, T. H. 1971. A review of the
Page 847 and 848:
Feder, H. M. and S. C. Jewett. 1980
Page 849 and 850:
Haynes, E. B. 1980a. Larval morphol
Page 851 and 852:
Ivanov, B. G. 1964. Results in the
Page 853 and 854:
Kurata, H. 1960. Studies on the lar
Page 855 and 856:
Douglas Wolfe, ed. Fate and Effects
Page 857 and 858:
Motoh, H. 1976. The larval stages o
Page 859 and 860:
king crab Paralithodes camtschatica
Page 861 and 862:
Roncholt, L. L. 1963. Distribution
Page 863 and 864:
Somerton, D. A. and R. A. Macintosh
Page 865 and 866:
Wencker, D. L., L. S. Incze, and D.
Page 867:
APPENDICES: A: S.E. Bering Sea Shri
Page 871 and 872:
APPENDIX B. References used for ide
Page 873:
APPENDIX C. Paguridae and Lithodida
Page 877:
TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .......
Page 880 and 881:
zoeae of these two species from the
Page 882 and 883:
the curved lateral processes reach
Page 884 and 885:
Additional Morphological Features U
Page 886 and 887:
APPLICATION OF FINDINGS TO FIELD ST
Page 888:
Kurata, H. 1963. Larvae of Decapoda
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