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APPLICATION OF FINDINGS TO FIELD STUDIES Certain aspects of the timing of appearance of the larvae in the plankton and spatial patterns of distribution and abundance provided evidence needed to corroborate the species identifications we had made using the above characteristics to extend Haynes' (1981) description. The larvae with the longer RDL and shorter, straighter CLS were found in the plankton earlier in the season than the larvae of opposite characteristics (see Incze et al., this volume). This was consistent with information provided to us by D. Somerton (see D. Somerton's larval paper, this volume), namely, that the state of maturation of egg masses of female Tanner crabs observed during National Marine Fisheries Service surveys in the area indicated that C. opilio hatched earlier than C. bairdi. The larval species description was further substantiated by specimens collected in areas where the bottom crab fauna was clearly dominated by one species or the other. Finally, areas of the Bering Sea which contained zoeae of only one description during a sampling season eventually gave rise to megalops larvae which were identified to species according to Jewett and Haight (1977); the megalops identifications confirmed our zoea identifications. All the above lines of evidence were in agreement with our zoea species identifications from four years of plankton samples. Some Chionoecetes zoeae from the southeastern Bering Sea could not be categorized by the criteria described above. The RDL of these zoeae, found in water shallower than 200 m, often was in the area of range overlap of RDL for C. opilio and C. bairdi (Table 1); the knob character was often intermediate; and the CLS character occasionally did not match the knobs even when the latter were distinct. For these specimens, which were not abundant, no species designation could be made. It is possible that these were F1 progeny of inter-specific matings between C. opilio and C. bairdi, but it would not be possible to determine this with morphological evidence alone. Since the relationship of genetic phenotype dominance among the various characters is unknown, it is also possible that F 1 progeny were included in one or the other (or both) of the species groups we have established above. Because the degree of inter-specific breeding is unknown, the extent of this error cannot be estimated. Some plankton samples collected from regions overlying the continental slope contained zoeae which did not conform in appearance to any of the zoeae described above (C. bairdi, C. opilio or the unidentified Chionoecetes zoeae found over the shelf). These may have been the larvae of deeper dwelling species of Chionoecetes. As in the case of the shallower unknown zoeae, however, such specimens were not numerous. 876
We also compared our diagnostic features to zoeae from other areas. C. bairdi zoeae from Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska and Kodiak Is., Alaska exhibited all three characteristics listed in Table 2 for C. bairdi Stage I zoeae. Stage II C. bairdi which we obtained from plankton samples collected from Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska also exhibited all three of the characteristics listed in Table 2 for that stage. C. opilio zoeae (only 10 obtained) from the western Beaufort Sea (where C. bairdi does not occur) exhibited all the characteristics listed in Table 2 for C. opilio Stage I and II zoeae. We thus feel that the additional species characters described in this paper have general applicability to the species descriptions. In our study we found it necessary to use these characters in addition to the diagnostic feature suggested by Haynes (1981) to distinguish between zoeal larvae of C. bairdi and C. opilio. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was supported by the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program of the Bureau of Land Management (Contract NA-81-RAC-00059) and the National Science Foundation (Processes and Resources of the Bering Sea Shelf; NSF grant DPP76-23340). We are grateful to Dr. T.S. English, Dr. R. Horner, K. Daly and A.J. Paul for making additional zooplankton samples and crab larvae collections available to this study for examination. We thank Valerie Munzlinger for kindly typing this manuscript. This paper is Contribution Number 588 of the School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle. LITERATURE CITED Haynes, E. 1973. Description of the prezoea and Stage II zoeae of Chionoecetes bairdi and C. opilio (Oxyrhyncha, Oregoniinae). Fish. Bull., U.S. 71: 769-775. Haynes, E. 1981. Description of Stage II zoeae of snow crab, Chionoecetes bairdi, (Oxyrhyncha, Majidae) from plankton of Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska. Fish. Bull., U.S., 79: 177- 182. Jewett, S.C. and R.E. Haight. 1977. Description of megalopa of snow crab, Chionoecetes bairdi (Majidae, subfamily Oregoniinae). Fish. Bull., U.S. 75: 459-463. Johnson, A.G. 1976. Electrophoretic evidence of hybrid snow crab, Chionoecetes bairdi x opitio. Fish. Bull., U.S. 74: 693-694. 877
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Outer Continental Shelf Environment
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OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ENVIRONMENT
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Outer Continental Shelf Environment
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures 5
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1. BIOS si
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. Table 3.1
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SUMMARY Infaunal bivalve molluscs f
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FINAL REPORT on BAFFIN ISLAND EXPER
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they have little or no ability to m
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2. HYDROCARBON BIOACCUMULATION 2.1
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Table 2.1. Summary of oil concentra
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some of the oil during the period b
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Figure 2.3. Variation of aromatic h
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Figure 2.5. Mya truncata-GC 2 profi
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Figure 2.7. Aromatic profiles from
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Figure 2.9. Mya truncata aromatic p
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Figure 2.11. Mya truncata-GC 2 prof
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Figure 2.13. Concentrations of oil
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Figure 2.15. Mya truncata-Bay 11 (a
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Figure 2.17. Variation of aromatic
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Figure 2.19. Serripes groenlandicus
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Figure 2.23. Aromatic hydrocarbon p
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Figure 2.30. Astarte aromatic profi
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Figure 2.34. Aromatic hydrocarbon G
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Astarte, Bay 9, 1-day post-spill, 7
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increase in water-borne oil concent
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decision based on GC 2 . Oil levels
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profiles of tissue extracts of the
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A similar differential behavior of
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Table 3.1. Dates of collection and
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Fixed specimens from the 1981 colle
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Table 3.4. Summary of histopatholog
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Table 3.6. Summary of histopatholog
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Figure 3.1. Granulocytoma in testis
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Figure 3.5. Excessively vacuolated
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4. BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF OIL The o
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Table 4.1. Carbohydrates and lipids
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Table 4.2. Concentrations of petrol
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Table 4.4. Mean concentrations of f
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In clams collected immediately befo
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Table 4.7. A summary of associated
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parameters measured. Clams from the
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alone was more gradual and reached
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interfered with feeding, gonadal de
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Brown, R.S., C.W. Brown, and S.B. S
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Malins, D.C. 1982. Alterations in t
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APPENDIX I: PANH COMPOUNDS IN OIL 1
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SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT **
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT **
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT
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FILE NUMBER 12421
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XX SPECTRUM DISPLAV/EDIT **
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAVY/EDIT **
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APPENDIX III: ASTARTE BOREALIS: BAY
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT**
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT **X
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APPENDIX V: SERRIPES GROENLANDICUS:
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FEEDING ECOLOGY OF JUVENILE KING AN
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DIETARY COMPOSITION ...............
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Figure 13a. Loss of precipitin reac
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Table 10. Dietary composition of ju
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ABSTRACT To determine the food requ
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FEEDING ECOLOGY OF JUVENILE KING AN
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Figure 1.--Station locations during
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Figure 3. Station locations during
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efore freezing. From large catches
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percentage of the maximum stomach v
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The amount evacuated is given by th
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examined entered the dry weight ana
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Battelle's Pacific Northwest Divisi
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tows and trawling as techniques for
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Stomach fullness plotted against ti
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Figure 4. Decay curve for the clear
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life of the compartment. Similarly,
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Figure 6. Exponential decay curve f
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Figure 8. Exponential decay curve f
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A comparison of the equations in Ta
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hard parts with the palps and then
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Figure 10. Standardized dry weight
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Table 5. Diel feeding chronology fr
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These results are comparable to tho
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Figure 12. The frequency of newly d
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Table 7. Continued
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Table 9. Dietary composition (% fre
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Table 11. Dietary composition of ju
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Table 12. Dietary composition (% fr
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Table 14. Soft tissue to hard tissu
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Table 16. Dietary composition (% of
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polychaetes in both June and August
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Table 18. Continued 221
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and, therefore, had a caloric value
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Table 21. Caloric intake from vario
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Table 27. Results of visual examina
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They were then fed thawed juvenile
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eing tested rather than to cross re
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against its respective antigen and
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Table 29. Results of visual examina
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DISCUSSION IMMUNOASSAY The immunolo
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juvenile king crabs may depend on c
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Table 32. Comparison of August diet
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stomach contents but soft-bodied po
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The assumption that, at least for t
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shows high similiarity between the
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supply requires prediction of the s
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have been shown to readily and rapi
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Using the diel feeding chronologies
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to 70 m, potential effects from dis
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REFERENCES Addy, J. M., D. Levell,
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Hill, B. J. 1976. Natural food, for
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Tyler, A. V, 1973. Caloric values o
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CLARIFICATION All references to "se
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4.0 DISCUSSION ....................
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Figure 3.2-2 Cruise 83-3 larval red
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was ori
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ABSTRACT The goal of this study was
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SECTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION The red ki
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1.1 Study Objectives The goal of th
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than 50 m. The oceanography of the
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entering the fishery have declined
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females. This relationship supports
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time to temperature. Time from egg-
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Juvenile crab in 2+ to 3+ age class
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB CRUISE 83
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB STATION I
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2.1.2 Field Gear and Sampling Metho
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consisted of 24 hours on all cruise
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were recorded for subsamples of lar
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200 individuals of the most common
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB STUDY ARE
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Epibenthic density and biomass data
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little vertical temperature stratif
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TABLE 3.1-1 (continued) 328
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB PERCENT G
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etween Unimak Island and Port Molle
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB SIDE-SCAN
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TABLE 3.2-1 MEAN LARVAL RED KING CR
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stations in this area where larval
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three-day period in June showed rat
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB DIEL VERT
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TABLE 3.3-1 GEOMETRIC MEAN DENSITIE
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during the June cruise (83-3). duri
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TABLE 3.4-2 NUMBER OF POST LARVAL R
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TABLE 3.4-3 NUMBER OF POST LARVAL R
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB TRYNET SA
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB TRYNET AN
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB DISTRIBUT
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NORTH ALEUTIAN BASIN RED KING CRAB
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TABLE 3.5-3 CORRELATION MATRIX FOR
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TABLE 3.5-5 CORRELATION MATRIX FOR
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at one 50 m deep TB station west of
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TABLE 3.6-2 SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL I
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TABLE 3.7-1 SUMMARY OF TRYNET CATCH
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group AB, especially the fish speci
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB LARVAL DE
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB LARVAL DE
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB KNOWN CIR
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Bay and west to Cape Newenham. The
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB 1978, 197
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protection against predators, as we
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which provides for adequate food (i
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4.5 Potential Effects of Oil and Ga
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to a great extent tidally driven, t
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(1983b), the same volume of oil is
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB SURFACE O
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Overt, rapid mortality of adult cra
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viability of the gametes is impaire
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detected by chemosensory organs. Pe
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and Alaskan species of shrimp and c
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interannual variability in abundanc
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that are killed by oil north of Uni
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Long-term, sublethal effects may al
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Botsford, L. and D. Wickham. 1978.
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Harris, R.P., V. Bergudugo, E.D.S.
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Kurata, H. 1961. Studies on the lar
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Paul, A.J., J. Paul, P. Shoemaker a
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Takeuchi, I. 1962, trans. 1967. On
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APPENDIX A MEAN LARVAL RED KING CRA
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APPENDIX B TRAWL GEAR TYPES USED BY
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APPENDIX C: TRAWL/DREDGE NOTES 435
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APPENDIX C (continued) 438
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APPENDIX D GUT CONTENT ANALYSIS FIE
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APPENDIX D (continued) 457
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APPENDIX E: MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESS
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APPENDIX E (continued) 462
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APPENDIX F: JUVENILE RED KING CRAB
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APPENDIX F (continued) Figure Fl. S
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DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF DECAP
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4.0 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF T
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8.3 Larval Decapod Biology, Sensiti
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Figure 3.4 Figure 3.5 Figure 3.6 Fi
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Figure 5.8 Distribution and abundan
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Figure 6.29 Distribution and abunda
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Table 4.5 Table 4.6 Table 5.1 Table
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are indebted to
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1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Justif
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Larval stages are generally conside
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extent in 1982) did we have the opp
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The sections of this report describ
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Table 2.1. Dates and sources of zoo
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techniques which attempt to equally
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verification of results or examinat
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cation of these larvae and the vari
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meters) was often similar (generall
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Bongo frame, the MOCNESS frame cann
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abundance within strata were made b
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520
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522
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524
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526
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528
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Figure 2.21 Locations and boundarie
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Figure 3.1. Location of proposed le
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characterized as part of the subarc
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Fig. 3.4. Distribution of male red
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Figure 3.5. Abundance estimates of
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pheromone cues could impair males'
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on larvae hatched elsewhere, includ
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aggregations could influence suscep
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Fig. 3.7a. Distribution and relativ
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the benthic habitat associated with
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conclusions of Slizkin (1973) who r
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A further observation germane to th
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Fig. 3.10. Major king crab catch ar
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3.4 Results 3.4.1 Distribution and
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11 and 12 (Figs. 3.11, 3.12). Too f
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Table 3.1. Number of zooplankton sa
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Because of the poor spatial coverag
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made them imperfect in areas (Fig.
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Table 3.2. A summary of larval red
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Fig. 3.15. Distribution and relativ
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Fig. 3.16. Interannual differences
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[An interesting note on annual abun
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Fig. 3.17a. Frequency of occurrence
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The occurrence of a multi-stage lar
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megalopae. These combinations of ye
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to early August (Fig. 3.17b), and s
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Fig. 3.21. Vertical distribution of
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consequences of oil exposure scenar
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abundance in time and space is corr
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Female crabs were abundant in strat
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observing that: 1) the mature femal
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Much research on king crab biology
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12) Determine interannual differenc
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around the traditional king crab fi
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Table 4.1. Historic U.S. Tanner cra
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(NMFS) since the early 1970's. In a
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Fig. 4.2b Centers of abundance of b
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4.3 Reproduction and Description of
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oth species for 80 mm specimens, bu
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from all stations were pooled for v
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Fig. 4.4. Timing of appearance of l
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Table 4.3. Timing of appearance of
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megalops larvae of both species and
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Table 4 . 5 .Proportion of Stage II
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Fig. 4.5. Temporal aspects of devel
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assumes a relatively homogeneous di
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Methods for analysis of depth distr
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Fig. 4.7. Vertical distribution of
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were found in the upper 40 m. Eight
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From the diel stations, 10% or more
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difficulties in quantitatively samp
Page 642 and 643:
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The distribution patterns for C. ba
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3. Most of the larval hatchout occu
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5.0 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF O
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Table 5.2. Early life history infor
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tions are not available for them. D
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to as wide as 250 mm wide by a maxi
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alutaceus larvae were collected fro
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Table 5.3. Species list of non-Chio
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annually, which resulted in little
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Figure 5.1 Vertical distribution of
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examining their vertical larval dis
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also July of 1981. Within strata, b
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Figure 5.3 Seasonal occurrence of l
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Figure 5.5 Mean density and one sta
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Long-shelf density of Erimacrus lar
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Figure 5.6 Frequency-of-occurrence
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Figure 5.10 Distribution of mean de
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Figure 5.12 Distribution of mean de
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at 21% of all stations sampled and
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Table 5.7. Frequency of occurrence
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1980
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2) In May and June of all years com
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Figure 5.15 Locations and densities
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excess of 100,000/100 m² were foun
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Distribution and Abundance: Larvae
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Table 5.10. Stratum number Frequenc
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Figure 5.20. Mean density and one s
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Pandalus borealis - Haynes 1979 Pan
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Table 6.1. Comparison of life histo
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this age are non-reproducing or ste
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Bering Sea stocks during the early
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in the Bering Sea but Butler (1980)
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6.3 Hippolytidae The Hippolytidae a
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summer food for spotted seals. Fede
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21% of the 1976 tows (Feder 1978).
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Figure 6.1 Frequency of occurrence
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A stage frequency histogram for P.
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Figure 6.4 Pandalus tridens stage f
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ottom. A pandalid larval type that
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Pandalopsis dispar was taken only o
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Figure 6.10 P. borealis larval abun
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outer shelf with the oceanic area b
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Since P. tridens occurred less freq
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outer shelf during those years. Sam
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Figure 6.16 Vertical depth distribu
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SI zoeae were first taken in March
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Table 6.7. Cross-shelf comparison o
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during PROBES 1980 and 1981 samplin
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4) Larvae were distributed homogene
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Figure 6.25 Crangon spp. stage freq
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Figure 6.26 Argis spp. distribution
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Figure 6.31 Crangon spp. larval abu
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2) The intermolt period of about 2
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Figure 6.33, these deepwater shrimp
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3) Larvae were in the water column
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7.0 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF H
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Table 7.2. Reproductive data for fo
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and 1976 (between the Pribilof Isla
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Figure 7.1 Paguridae stage frequenc
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Figure 7.6 Mean larval densities of
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Figure 7.8 Vertical depth distribut
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3) Larval duration in the plankton
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and oil transport developed for the
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Figure 8.1 Current directions and n
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discussed by participants at the St
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Larval Feeding: Studies with other
Page 816 and 817:
and high resultant mortality. Sonnt
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The third reproductive effect invol
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to and impact on, pelagic and benth
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3. Oil was mixed to a 50-m depth in
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synthesis as mutagenic/teratogenic
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One or two very weak year-classes r
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were covered by lower concentration
Page 830 and 831:
Figure 8.3 Surface oil trajectories
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are to the west-southwest (Fig. 8.4
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Large volumes of oil reaching shall
Page 836 and 837: of time in the neuston layer. If th
Page 838 and 839: in this area and so deleterious eff
Page 840 and 841: 4. Exposure of developing eggs and
Page 843 and 844: LITERATURE CITED Adams, A. E. 1979.
Page 845 and 846: Butler, T. H. 1971. A review of the
Page 847 and 848: Feder, H. M. and S. C. Jewett. 1980
Page 849 and 850: Haynes, E. B. 1980a. Larval morphol
Page 851 and 852: Ivanov, B. G. 1964. Results in the
Page 853 and 854: Kurata, H. 1960. Studies on the lar
Page 855 and 856: Douglas Wolfe, ed. Fate and Effects
Page 857 and 858: Motoh, H. 1976. The larval stages o
Page 859 and 860: king crab Paralithodes camtschatica
Page 861 and 862: Roncholt, L. L. 1963. Distribution
Page 863 and 864: Somerton, D. A. and R. A. Macintosh
Page 865 and 866: Wencker, D. L., L. S. Incze, and D.
Page 867: APPENDICES: A: S.E. Bering Sea Shri
Page 871 and 872: APPENDIX B. References used for ide
Page 873: APPENDIX C. Paguridae and Lithodida
Page 877: TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .......
Page 880 and 881: zoeae of these two species from the
Page 882 and 883: the curved lateral processes reach
Page 884 and 885: Additional Morphological Features U
Page 888: Kurata, H. 1963. Larvae of Decapoda
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