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8.0 POSSIBLE OIL IMPACTS ON DECAPOD LARVAE IN THE SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA WITH EMPHASIS ON THE ST. GEORGE BASIN This two-year study of population dynamics of decapod larvae has drawn on six years' worth of zooplankton samples to determine spatial and temporal variation in distribution and abundance, in order to predict the possible impacts of oil development on this most sensitive lifehistory stage. Other factors of general biology have been elucidated; for example, the time and synchrony of hatch and its interannual variability, rate of larval development and time in the water column, molt frequency, and, in the case of commercial species targeted in surveys, the relationship between distribution of benthic female stocks and centers of larval abundance. In many respects however, the data are incomplete, a shortcoming that has prompted over the past 1.5 years recommendations and proposals for additional research. Some of the proposed research is now ongoing (spring/summer 1983) as studies at the Pribilof Islands on blue king and Erimacrus crab biology and on red king crab along the North Aleutian Shelf. These investigations should add substantial information on critical habitat requirements of the species and allow an assessment of the relative sensitivity of such habitat to oil impact. This last chapter is used to discuss scenarios of oil mishaps in the southeastern Bering Sea and consequences to pelagic larvae of several taxa. This will be done by first reviewing several models of water 797
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Outer Continental Shelf Environment
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OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ENVIRONMENT
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Outer Continental Shelf Environment
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures 5
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1. BIOS si
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. Table 3.1
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SUMMARY Infaunal bivalve molluscs f
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FINAL REPORT on BAFFIN ISLAND EXPER
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they have little or no ability to m
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2. HYDROCARBON BIOACCUMULATION 2.1
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Table 2.1. Summary of oil concentra
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some of the oil during the period b
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Figure 2.3. Variation of aromatic h
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Figure 2.5. Mya truncata-GC 2 profi
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Figure 2.7. Aromatic profiles from
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Figure 2.9. Mya truncata aromatic p
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Figure 2.11. Mya truncata-GC 2 prof
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Figure 2.13. Concentrations of oil
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Figure 2.15. Mya truncata-Bay 11 (a
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Figure 2.17. Variation of aromatic
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Figure 2.19. Serripes groenlandicus
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Figure 2.23. Aromatic hydrocarbon p
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Figure 2.30. Astarte aromatic profi
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Figure 2.34. Aromatic hydrocarbon G
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Astarte, Bay 9, 1-day post-spill, 7
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increase in water-borne oil concent
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decision based on GC 2 . Oil levels
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profiles of tissue extracts of the
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A similar differential behavior of
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Table 3.1. Dates of collection and
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Fixed specimens from the 1981 colle
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Table 3.4. Summary of histopatholog
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Table 3.6. Summary of histopatholog
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Figure 3.1. Granulocytoma in testis
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Figure 3.5. Excessively vacuolated
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4. BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF OIL The o
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Table 4.1. Carbohydrates and lipids
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Table 4.2. Concentrations of petrol
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Table 4.4. Mean concentrations of f
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In clams collected immediately befo
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Table 4.7. A summary of associated
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parameters measured. Clams from the
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alone was more gradual and reached
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interfered with feeding, gonadal de
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Brown, R.S., C.W. Brown, and S.B. S
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Malins, D.C. 1982. Alterations in t
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APPENDIX I: PANH COMPOUNDS IN OIL 1
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SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT **
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT **
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT
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FILE NUMBER 12421
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XX SPECTRUM DISPLAV/EDIT **
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAVY/EDIT **
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APPENDIX III: ASTARTE BOREALIS: BAY
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT**
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT **X
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APPENDIX V: SERRIPES GROENLANDICUS:
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FEEDING ECOLOGY OF JUVENILE KING AN
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DIETARY COMPOSITION ...............
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Figure 13a. Loss of precipitin reac
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Table 10. Dietary composition of ju
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ABSTRACT To determine the food requ
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FEEDING ECOLOGY OF JUVENILE KING AN
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Figure 1.--Station locations during
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Figure 3. Station locations during
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efore freezing. From large catches
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percentage of the maximum stomach v
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The amount evacuated is given by th
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examined entered the dry weight ana
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Battelle's Pacific Northwest Divisi
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tows and trawling as techniques for
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Stomach fullness plotted against ti
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Figure 4. Decay curve for the clear
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life of the compartment. Similarly,
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Figure 6. Exponential decay curve f
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Figure 8. Exponential decay curve f
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A comparison of the equations in Ta
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hard parts with the palps and then
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Figure 10. Standardized dry weight
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Table 5. Diel feeding chronology fr
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These results are comparable to tho
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Figure 12. The frequency of newly d
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Table 7. Continued
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Table 9. Dietary composition (% fre
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Table 11. Dietary composition of ju
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Table 12. Dietary composition (% fr
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Table 14. Soft tissue to hard tissu
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Table 16. Dietary composition (% of
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polychaetes in both June and August
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Table 18. Continued 221
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and, therefore, had a caloric value
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Table 21. Caloric intake from vario
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Table 27. Results of visual examina
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They were then fed thawed juvenile
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eing tested rather than to cross re
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against its respective antigen and
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Table 29. Results of visual examina
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DISCUSSION IMMUNOASSAY The immunolo
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juvenile king crabs may depend on c
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Table 32. Comparison of August diet
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stomach contents but soft-bodied po
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The assumption that, at least for t
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shows high similiarity between the
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supply requires prediction of the s
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have been shown to readily and rapi
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Using the diel feeding chronologies
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to 70 m, potential effects from dis
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REFERENCES Addy, J. M., D. Levell,
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Hill, B. J. 1976. Natural food, for
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Tyler, A. V, 1973. Caloric values o
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CLARIFICATION All references to "se
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4.0 DISCUSSION ....................
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Figure 3.2-2 Cruise 83-3 larval red
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was ori
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ABSTRACT The goal of this study was
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SECTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION The red ki
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1.1 Study Objectives The goal of th
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than 50 m. The oceanography of the
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entering the fishery have declined
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females. This relationship supports
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time to temperature. Time from egg-
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Juvenile crab in 2+ to 3+ age class
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB CRUISE 83
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB STATION I
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2.1.2 Field Gear and Sampling Metho
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consisted of 24 hours on all cruise
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were recorded for subsamples of lar
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200 individuals of the most common
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB STUDY ARE
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Epibenthic density and biomass data
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little vertical temperature stratif
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TABLE 3.1-1 (continued) 328
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB PERCENT G
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etween Unimak Island and Port Molle
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB SIDE-SCAN
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TABLE 3.2-1 MEAN LARVAL RED KING CR
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stations in this area where larval
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three-day period in June showed rat
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB DIEL VERT
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TABLE 3.3-1 GEOMETRIC MEAN DENSITIE
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during the June cruise (83-3). duri
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TABLE 3.4-2 NUMBER OF POST LARVAL R
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TABLE 3.4-3 NUMBER OF POST LARVAL R
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB TRYNET SA
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB TRYNET AN
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB DISTRIBUT
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NORTH ALEUTIAN BASIN RED KING CRAB
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TABLE 3.5-3 CORRELATION MATRIX FOR
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TABLE 3.5-5 CORRELATION MATRIX FOR
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at one 50 m deep TB station west of
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TABLE 3.6-2 SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL I
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TABLE 3.7-1 SUMMARY OF TRYNET CATCH
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group AB, especially the fish speci
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB LARVAL DE
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB LARVAL DE
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB KNOWN CIR
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Bay and west to Cape Newenham. The
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB 1978, 197
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protection against predators, as we
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which provides for adequate food (i
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4.5 Potential Effects of Oil and Ga
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to a great extent tidally driven, t
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(1983b), the same volume of oil is
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB SURFACE O
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Overt, rapid mortality of adult cra
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viability of the gametes is impaire
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detected by chemosensory organs. Pe
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and Alaskan species of shrimp and c
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interannual variability in abundanc
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that are killed by oil north of Uni
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Long-term, sublethal effects may al
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Botsford, L. and D. Wickham. 1978.
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Harris, R.P., V. Bergudugo, E.D.S.
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Kurata, H. 1961. Studies on the lar
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Paul, A.J., J. Paul, P. Shoemaker a
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Takeuchi, I. 1962, trans. 1967. On
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APPENDIX A MEAN LARVAL RED KING CRA
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APPENDIX B TRAWL GEAR TYPES USED BY
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APPENDIX C: TRAWL/DREDGE NOTES 435
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APPENDIX C (continued) 438
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APPENDIX D GUT CONTENT ANALYSIS FIE
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APPENDIX D (continued) 457
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APPENDIX E: MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESS
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APPENDIX E (continued) 462
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APPENDIX F: JUVENILE RED KING CRAB
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APPENDIX F (continued) Figure Fl. S
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DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF DECAP
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4.0 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF T
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8.3 Larval Decapod Biology, Sensiti
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Figure 3.4 Figure 3.5 Figure 3.6 Fi
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Figure 5.8 Distribution and abundan
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Figure 6.29 Distribution and abunda
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Table 4.5 Table 4.6 Table 5.1 Table
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are indebted to
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1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Justif
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Larval stages are generally conside
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extent in 1982) did we have the opp
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The sections of this report describ
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Table 2.1. Dates and sources of zoo
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techniques which attempt to equally
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verification of results or examinat
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cation of these larvae and the vari
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meters) was often similar (generall
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Bongo frame, the MOCNESS frame cann
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abundance within strata were made b
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520
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522
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524
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526
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528
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Figure 2.21 Locations and boundarie
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Figure 3.1. Location of proposed le
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characterized as part of the subarc
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Fig. 3.4. Distribution of male red
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Figure 3.5. Abundance estimates of
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pheromone cues could impair males'
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on larvae hatched elsewhere, includ
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aggregations could influence suscep
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Fig. 3.7a. Distribution and relativ
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the benthic habitat associated with
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conclusions of Slizkin (1973) who r
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A further observation germane to th
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Fig. 3.10. Major king crab catch ar
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3.4 Results 3.4.1 Distribution and
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11 and 12 (Figs. 3.11, 3.12). Too f
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Table 3.1. Number of zooplankton sa
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Because of the poor spatial coverag
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made them imperfect in areas (Fig.
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Table 3.2. A summary of larval red
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Fig. 3.15. Distribution and relativ
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Fig. 3.16. Interannual differences
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[An interesting note on annual abun
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Fig. 3.17a. Frequency of occurrence
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The occurrence of a multi-stage lar
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megalopae. These combinations of ye
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to early August (Fig. 3.17b), and s
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Fig. 3.21. Vertical distribution of
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consequences of oil exposure scenar
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abundance in time and space is corr
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Female crabs were abundant in strat
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observing that: 1) the mature femal
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Much research on king crab biology
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12) Determine interannual differenc
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around the traditional king crab fi
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Table 4.1. Historic U.S. Tanner cra
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(NMFS) since the early 1970's. In a
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Fig. 4.2b Centers of abundance of b
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4.3 Reproduction and Description of
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oth species for 80 mm specimens, bu
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from all stations were pooled for v
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Fig. 4.4. Timing of appearance of l
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Table 4.3. Timing of appearance of
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megalops larvae of both species and
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Table 4 . 5 .Proportion of Stage II
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Fig. 4.5. Temporal aspects of devel
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assumes a relatively homogeneous di
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Methods for analysis of depth distr
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Fig. 4.7. Vertical distribution of
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were found in the upper 40 m. Eight
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From the diel stations, 10% or more
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difficulties in quantitatively samp
Page 642 and 643:
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The distribution patterns for C. ba
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3. Most of the larval hatchout occu
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5.0 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF O
Page 651 and 652:
Table 5.2. Early life history infor
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tions are not available for them. D
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to as wide as 250 mm wide by a maxi
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alutaceus larvae were collected fro
Page 659 and 660:
Table 5.3. Species list of non-Chio
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annually, which resulted in little
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Figure 5.1 Vertical distribution of
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examining their vertical larval dis
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also July of 1981. Within strata, b
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Figure 5.3 Seasonal occurrence of l
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Figure 5.5 Mean density and one sta
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Long-shelf density of Erimacrus lar
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Figure 5.6 Frequency-of-occurrence
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Figure 5.10 Distribution of mean de
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Figure 5.12 Distribution of mean de
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at 21% of all stations sampled and
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Table 5.7. Frequency of occurrence
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1980
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2) In May and June of all years com
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Figure 5.15 Locations and densities
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excess of 100,000/100 m² were foun
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Distribution and Abundance: Larvae
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Table 5.10. Stratum number Frequenc
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Figure 5.20. Mean density and one s
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Pandalus borealis - Haynes 1979 Pan
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Table 6.1. Comparison of life histo
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this age are non-reproducing or ste
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Bering Sea stocks during the early
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in the Bering Sea but Butler (1980)
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6.3 Hippolytidae The Hippolytidae a
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summer food for spotted seals. Fede
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21% of the 1976 tows (Feder 1978).
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Figure 6.1 Frequency of occurrence
Page 724 and 725:
Page 726 and 727:
A stage frequency histogram for P.
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Figure 6.4 Pandalus tridens stage f
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ottom. A pandalid larval type that
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Pandalopsis dispar was taken only o
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Page 736 and 737:
Page 738 and 739:
Figure 6.10 P. borealis larval abun
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outer shelf with the oceanic area b
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Since P. tridens occurred less freq
Page 744 and 745:
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outer shelf during those years. Sam
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Figure 6.16 Vertical depth distribu
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Page 752 and 753:
SI zoeae were first taken in March
Page 754 and 755:
Page 756 and 757: Figure 6.20 Distribution and abunda
Page 758 and 759: Table 6.7. Cross-shelf comparison o
Page 760 and 761: during PROBES 1980 and 1981 samplin
Page 762 and 763: 4) Larvae were distributed homogene
Page 764 and 765: Figure 6.25 Crangon spp. stage freq
Page 766 and 767: Figure 6.26 Argis spp. distribution
Page 772 and 773: Figure 6.31 Crangon spp. larval abu
Page 776 and 777: 2) The intermolt period of about 2
Page 778 and 779: Figure 6.33, these deepwater shrimp
Page 784 and 785: 3) Larvae were in the water column
Page 787 and 788: 7.0 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF H
Page 789 and 790: Table 7.2. Reproductive data for fo
Page 791 and 792: and 1976 (between the Pribilof Isla
Page 793 and 794: Figure 7.1 Paguridae stage frequenc
Page 795 and 796: Figure 7.2 Distribution and abundan
Page 797 and 798: Figure 7.4 Distribution and abundan
Page 801 and 802: Figure 7.6 Mean larval densities of
Page 803 and 804: Figure 7.8 Vertical depth distribut
Page 805: 3) Larval duration in the plankton
Page 809 and 810: circulating over the shelf. Current
Page 811 and 812: Sonntag et al. (1980). Following hy
Page 813 and 814: 8.2.1 Effects on Larvae A wealth of
Page 815 and 816: crustaceans that results in greater
Page 817 and 818: The second hypothesized effect of o
Page 819 and 820: proportion of infertile egg masses
Page 821 and 822: high concentrations to be toxic. Ba
Page 823 and 824: of oil rapidly over the surface (Le
Page 825 and 826: strongly disagree with this hypothe
Page 827 and 828: gal; specific gravity of oil about
Page 829 and 830: Figure 8.2 Lease sale areas in the
Page 831 and 832: 8.4). During summer and fall, oil f
Page 833 and 834: most of this region and, as suggest
Page 835 and 836: found from Unimak Island to Cape Se
Page 837 and 838: 8.5.4 Other Brachyuran Larvae Larva
Page 839 and 840: search is called for on this group
Page 841: 1. Impact of oil via water and sedi
Page 844 and 845: Balsiger, J. W. 1976. A computer si
Page 846 and 847: Donaldson, W. E. 1980. Alaska Tanne
Page 848 and 849: Hameedi, M. J. 1982. The St. George
Page 850 and 851: INPFC - International North Pacific
Page 852 and 853: Kendall, A. W., Jr., J. R. Dunn, R.
Page 854 and 855: Lee, R. F., C. Ryan and M. L. Neuha
Page 856 and 857:
McLaughlin, P. A. 1963. Survey of t
Page 858 and 859:
Olsen, J. C. 1961. Pandalid shrimp
Page 860 and 861:
Rathbun, M. J. 1918. The grapsoid c
Page 862 and 863:
Sitts, R., and A. Knight. 1979. Pre
Page 864 and 865:
elongatus in the northeastern and e
Page 866 and 867:
Young, A. and T. Hazlett. 1978. The
Page 869:
APPENDIX A: S.E. Bering Sea shrimp
Page 872 and 873:
APPENDIX B. References used for ide
Page 875:
Distinguishing Between Chionoecetes
Page 879 and 880:
DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN CHIONOECETES
Page 881 and 882:
Measurements were made of PLS lengt
Page 883 and 884:
Figure 1. Comparison of PLS length
Page 885 and 886:
Table 1. Rostral-dorsal lengths of
Page 887 and 888:
We also compared our diagnostic fea
show all

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