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Epibenthic density and biomass data were analyzed in two ways. First, mean biomass values were calculated for each major taxonomic group per cruise; these values were labeled mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) in units of gm-2. These data are presented in tabular form to show the relative importance of major fish and invertebrate groups in the samples. The second major analysis of epifaunal data was cluster analysis. Cluster analysis using EAP (1982) involved a square root transformation of all data and appropriate standardizations. Dissimilarities or distances among the entities (samples or species) were calculated using the Bray-Curtis Index (Bray and Curtis 1957). Formation of the two dendrograms and the two-way matrix of sample and species groups involved flexible sorting with the addition of a step across distances re-estimation for the species groupings and the two-way matrix. Post-larval king crab densities and related physical and biological environmental variables were examined using correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. For the purpose of these analyses, king crabs were divided into four age groups: 1) young-of-the-year or 0+; 2) ages 1, 1+ and 2; 3) ages 2+ and 3; and 4) ages 3+ and older (3++). The four physical variables were: 1) depth; 2) bottom water temperature; 3) bottom water salinity; and 4) percent gravel in sediment samples. The biological variables used were the mean sample biomass values for nine taxa: 1) flatfishes; 2) roundfishes (all fish except Pleuronectidae); 3) polychaete worms; 4) shrimps (including pandalids and crangonids); 5) the sea star (Asterias amurensis); 6) the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis); 7) sponge; 8) bryozoans; and 9) the sea onion (Boltenia ovifera). Biomass data were available for all of these taxa with the exception of bryozoan biomass from all quantitative trynet and rock dredge samples. Bryozoan biomass data were not always available due to the difficulty of separating this taxon from its substrate; however, the taxon was included in the analysis because of its apparent use as food by juvenile red king crabs (see Appendix F). 312
SECTION 3.0 RESULTS 3.1 Physical Environment 3.1.1 Hydrography Salinity. Near-surface salinity contours for the April, June and September cruises are presented in Figures 3.1-1, 3.1-2 and 3.1-3, respectively; near-bottom salinity contours are shown in Figures 3.1-4, 3.1-5 and 3.1-6. Salinity generally increased offshore. Maximum salinities at all depths were found in the deepest offshore parts of the study area and lower salinities were found onshore, especially near areas of freshwater runoff which included Kvichak and Nushagak Bays, Port Heiden and Port Moller. Very little vertical salinity stratification was observed during the study. Salinity decreased slightly over the study period and the lowest salinities were recorded during September in Kvichak Bay. The freshwater from Kvichak and Nushagak Bays apparently flows largely to the west, along the north side of Bristol Bay. Temperature. Near-surface temperature contours for the April, June and September cruises are presented in Figures 3.1-7, 3.1-8 and 3.1-9, respectively; near-bottom temperature contours are shown in Figures 3.1-10, 3.1-11 and 3.1-12. Observed temperatures ranged from below 1° in April to over 12°C in September. The lowest temperatures were found at depth during the spring and the highest were associated with onshore areas in summer and fall. The strongest feature shown by the temperature data is the seasonal thermocline, which was most prominent during the June cruise (83-3). The maximum temperature differences between surface and bottom (>4°C) and the coldest bottom water during June, were observed offshore of the Black Hills vicinity (Figure 3.1-11). There was 313
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Outer Continental Shelf Environment
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OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ENVIRONMENT
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Outer Continental Shelf Environment
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures 5
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1. BIOS si
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. Table 3.1
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SUMMARY Infaunal bivalve molluscs f
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FINAL REPORT on BAFFIN ISLAND EXPER
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they have little or no ability to m
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2. HYDROCARBON BIOACCUMULATION 2.1
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Table 2.1. Summary of oil concentra
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some of the oil during the period b
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Figure 2.3. Variation of aromatic h
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Figure 2.5. Mya truncata-GC 2 profi
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Figure 2.7. Aromatic profiles from
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Figure 2.9. Mya truncata aromatic p
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Figure 2.11. Mya truncata-GC 2 prof
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Figure 2.13. Concentrations of oil
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Figure 2.15. Mya truncata-Bay 11 (a
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Figure 2.17. Variation of aromatic
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Figure 2.19. Serripes groenlandicus
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Figure 2.23. Aromatic hydrocarbon p
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Figure 2.30. Astarte aromatic profi
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Figure 2.34. Aromatic hydrocarbon G
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Astarte, Bay 9, 1-day post-spill, 7
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increase in water-borne oil concent
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decision based on GC 2 . Oil levels
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profiles of tissue extracts of the
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A similar differential behavior of
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Table 3.1. Dates of collection and
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Fixed specimens from the 1981 colle
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Table 3.4. Summary of histopatholog
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Table 3.6. Summary of histopatholog
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Figure 3.1. Granulocytoma in testis
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Figure 3.5. Excessively vacuolated
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4. BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF OIL The o
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Table 4.1. Carbohydrates and lipids
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Table 4.2. Concentrations of petrol
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Table 4.4. Mean concentrations of f
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In clams collected immediately befo
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Table 4.7. A summary of associated
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parameters measured. Clams from the
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alone was more gradual and reached
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interfered with feeding, gonadal de
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Brown, R.S., C.W. Brown, and S.B. S
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Malins, D.C. 1982. Alterations in t
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APPENDIX I: PANH COMPOUNDS IN OIL 1
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SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT **
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT **
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT
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FILE NUMBER 12421
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XX SPECTRUM DISPLAV/EDIT **
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAVY/EDIT **
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APPENDIX III: ASTARTE BOREALIS: BAY
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT**
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** SPECTRUM DISPLAY/EDIT **X
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APPENDIX V: SERRIPES GROENLANDICUS:
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FEEDING ECOLOGY OF JUVENILE KING AN
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DIETARY COMPOSITION ...............
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Figure 13a. Loss of precipitin reac
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Table 10. Dietary composition of ju
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ABSTRACT To determine the food requ
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FEEDING ECOLOGY OF JUVENILE KING AN
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Figure 1.--Station locations during
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Figure 3. Station locations during
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efore freezing. From large catches
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percentage of the maximum stomach v
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The amount evacuated is given by th
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examined entered the dry weight ana
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Battelle's Pacific Northwest Divisi
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tows and trawling as techniques for
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Stomach fullness plotted against ti
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Figure 4. Decay curve for the clear
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life of the compartment. Similarly,
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Figure 6. Exponential decay curve f
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Figure 8. Exponential decay curve f
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A comparison of the equations in Ta
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hard parts with the palps and then
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Figure 10. Standardized dry weight
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Table 5. Diel feeding chronology fr
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These results are comparable to tho
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Figure 12. The frequency of newly d
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Table 7. Continued
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Table 9. Dietary composition (% fre
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Table 11. Dietary composition of ju
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Table 12. Dietary composition (% fr
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Table 14. Soft tissue to hard tissu
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Table 16. Dietary composition (% of
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polychaetes in both June and August
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Table 18. Continued 221
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and, therefore, had a caloric value
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Table 21. Caloric intake from vario
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Table 27. Results of visual examina
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They were then fed thawed juvenile
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eing tested rather than to cross re
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against its respective antigen and
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Table 29. Results of visual examina
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DISCUSSION IMMUNOASSAY The immunolo
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juvenile king crabs may depend on c
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Table 32. Comparison of August diet
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stomach contents but soft-bodied po
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The assumption that, at least for t
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shows high similiarity between the
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supply requires prediction of the s
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have been shown to readily and rapi
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Using the diel feeding chronologies
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to 70 m, potential effects from dis
Page 271 and 272: REFERENCES Addy, J. M., D. Levell,
Page 273 and 274: Hill, B. J. 1976. Natural food, for
Page 275: Tyler, A. V, 1973. Caloric values o
Page 279: CLARIFICATION All references to "se
Page 282 and 283: 4.0 DISCUSSION ....................
Page 284 and 285: Figure 3.2-2 Cruise 83-3 larval red
Page 287 and 288: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was ori
Page 289 and 290: ABSTRACT The goal of this study was
Page 291 and 292: SECTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION The red ki
Page 293 and 294: 1.1 Study Objectives The goal of th
Page 295 and 296: than 50 m. The oceanography of the
Page 297 and 298: entering the fishery have declined
Page 299 and 300: females. This relationship supports
Page 301 and 302: time to temperature. Time from egg-
Page 303: Juvenile crab in 2+ to 3+ age class
Page 306 and 307: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB CRUISE 83
Page 310 and 311: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB STATION I
Page 312 and 313: 2.1.2 Field Gear and Sampling Metho
Page 314 and 315: consisted of 24 hours on all cruise
Page 316 and 317: were recorded for subsamples of lar
Page 318 and 319: 200 individuals of the most common
Page 320 and 321: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB STUDY ARE
Page 336 and 337: little vertical temperature stratif
Page 338 and 339: TABLE 3.1-1 (continued) 328
Page 340 and 341: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB PERCENT G
Page 342 and 343: etween Unimak Island and Port Molle
Page 344 and 345: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB SIDE-SCAN
Page 348 and 349: TABLE 3.2-1 MEAN LARVAL RED KING CR
Page 350 and 351: stations in this area where larval
Page 352 and 353: three-day period in June showed rat
Page 354 and 355: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB DIEL VERT
Page 356 and 357: TABLE 3.3-1 GEOMETRIC MEAN DENSITIE
Page 358 and 359: during the June cruise (83-3). duri
Page 360 and 361: TABLE 3.4-2 NUMBER OF POST LARVAL R
Page 362 and 363: TABLE 3.4-3 NUMBER OF POST LARVAL R
Page 364 and 365: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB TRYNET SA
Page 366 and 367: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB TRYNET AN
Page 368 and 369: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB DISTRIBUT
Page 370 and 371: BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB DISTRIBUT
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NORTH ALEUTIAN BASIN RED KING CRAB
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TABLE 3.5-3 CORRELATION MATRIX FOR
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TABLE 3.5-5 CORRELATION MATRIX FOR
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB DISTRIBUT
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at one 50 m deep TB station west of
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TABLE 3.6-2 SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL I
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TABLE 3.7-1 SUMMARY OF TRYNET CATCH
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group AB, especially the fish speci
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB LARVAL DE
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB LARVAL DE
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB KNOWN CIR
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Bay and west to Cape Newenham. The
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB 1978, 197
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protection against predators, as we
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which provides for adequate food (i
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4.5 Potential Effects of Oil and Ga
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to a great extent tidally driven, t
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(1983b), the same volume of oil is
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BRISTOL BAY RED KING CRAB SURFACE O
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Overt, rapid mortality of adult cra
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viability of the gametes is impaire
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detected by chemosensory organs. Pe
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and Alaskan species of shrimp and c
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interannual variability in abundanc
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that are killed by oil north of Uni
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Long-term, sublethal effects may al
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Botsford, L. and D. Wickham. 1978.
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Harris, R.P., V. Bergudugo, E.D.S.
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Kurata, H. 1961. Studies on the lar
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Paul, A.J., J. Paul, P. Shoemaker a
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Takeuchi, I. 1962, trans. 1967. On
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APPENDIX A MEAN LARVAL RED KING CRA
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APPENDIX B TRAWL GEAR TYPES USED BY
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APPENDIX C: TRAWL/DREDGE NOTES 435
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APPENDIX C (continued) 438
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Page 458 and 459:
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APPENDIX D GUT CONTENT ANALYSIS FIE
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APPENDIX D (continued) 457
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APPENDIX E: MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESS
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APPENDIX E (continued) 462
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APPENDIX F: JUVENILE RED KING CRAB
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APPENDIX F (continued) Figure Fl. S
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DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF DECAP
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4.0 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF T
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8.3 Larval Decapod Biology, Sensiti
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Figure 3.4 Figure 3.5 Figure 3.6 Fi
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Figure 5.8 Distribution and abundan
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Figure 6.29 Distribution and abunda
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Table 4.5 Table 4.6 Table 5.1 Table
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are indebted to
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1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Justif
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Larval stages are generally conside
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extent in 1982) did we have the opp
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The sections of this report describ
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Table 2.1. Dates and sources of zoo
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techniques which attempt to equally
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verification of results or examinat
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cation of these larvae and the vari
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meters) was often similar (generall
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Bongo frame, the MOCNESS frame cann
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abundance within strata were made b
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520
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522
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524
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526
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528
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Figure 2.21 Locations and boundarie
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Figure 3.1. Location of proposed le
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characterized as part of the subarc
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Fig. 3.4. Distribution of male red
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Figure 3.5. Abundance estimates of
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pheromone cues could impair males'
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on larvae hatched elsewhere, includ
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aggregations could influence suscep
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Fig. 3.7a. Distribution and relativ
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the benthic habitat associated with
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conclusions of Slizkin (1973) who r
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A further observation germane to th
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Fig. 3.10. Major king crab catch ar
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3.4 Results 3.4.1 Distribution and
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11 and 12 (Figs. 3.11, 3.12). Too f
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Table 3.1. Number of zooplankton sa
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Because of the poor spatial coverag
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made them imperfect in areas (Fig.
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Table 3.2. A summary of larval red
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Fig. 3.15. Distribution and relativ
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Fig. 3.16. Interannual differences
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[An interesting note on annual abun
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Fig. 3.17a. Frequency of occurrence
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The occurrence of a multi-stage lar
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megalopae. These combinations of ye
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to early August (Fig. 3.17b), and s
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Fig. 3.21. Vertical distribution of
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consequences of oil exposure scenar
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abundance in time and space is corr
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Female crabs were abundant in strat
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observing that: 1) the mature femal
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Much research on king crab biology
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12) Determine interannual differenc
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around the traditional king crab fi
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Table 4.1. Historic U.S. Tanner cra
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(NMFS) since the early 1970's. In a
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Fig. 4.2b Centers of abundance of b
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4.3 Reproduction and Description of
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oth species for 80 mm specimens, bu
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from all stations were pooled for v
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Fig. 4.4. Timing of appearance of l
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Table 4.3. Timing of appearance of
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megalops larvae of both species and
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Table 4 . 5 .Proportion of Stage II
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Fig. 4.5. Temporal aspects of devel
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assumes a relatively homogeneous di
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Methods for analysis of depth distr
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Fig. 4.7. Vertical distribution of
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were found in the upper 40 m. Eight
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From the diel stations, 10% or more
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difficulties in quantitatively samp
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The distribution patterns for C. ba
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3. Most of the larval hatchout occu
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5.0 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF O
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Table 5.2. Early life history infor
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tions are not available for them. D
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to as wide as 250 mm wide by a maxi
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alutaceus larvae were collected fro
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Table 5.3. Species list of non-Chio
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annually, which resulted in little
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Figure 5.1 Vertical distribution of
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examining their vertical larval dis
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also July of 1981. Within strata, b
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Figure 5.3 Seasonal occurrence of l
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Figure 5.5 Mean density and one sta
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Long-shelf density of Erimacrus lar
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Figure 5.6 Frequency-of-occurrence
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Figure 5.10 Distribution of mean de
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Figure 5.12 Distribution of mean de
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at 21% of all stations sampled and
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Table 5.7. Frequency of occurrence
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1980
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2) In May and June of all years com
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Figure 5.15 Locations and densities
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excess of 100,000/100 m² were foun
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Distribution and Abundance: Larvae
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Table 5.10. Stratum number Frequenc
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Figure 5.20. Mean density and one s
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Pandalus borealis - Haynes 1979 Pan
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Table 6.1. Comparison of life histo
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this age are non-reproducing or ste
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Bering Sea stocks during the early
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in the Bering Sea but Butler (1980)
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6.3 Hippolytidae The Hippolytidae a
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summer food for spotted seals. Fede
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21% of the 1976 tows (Feder 1978).
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Figure 6.1 Frequency of occurrence
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A stage frequency histogram for P.
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Figure 6.4 Pandalus tridens stage f
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ottom. A pandalid larval type that
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Pandalopsis dispar was taken only o
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Figure 6.10 P. borealis larval abun
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outer shelf with the oceanic area b
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Since P. tridens occurred less freq
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outer shelf during those years. Sam
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Figure 6.16 Vertical depth distribu
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SI zoeae were first taken in March
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Table 6.7. Cross-shelf comparison o
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during PROBES 1980 and 1981 samplin
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4) Larvae were distributed homogene
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Figure 6.25 Crangon spp. stage freq
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Figure 6.26 Argis spp. distribution
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Figure 6.31 Crangon spp. larval abu
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2) The intermolt period of about 2
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Figure 6.33, these deepwater shrimp
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3) Larvae were in the water column
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7.0 DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF H
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Table 7.2. Reproductive data for fo
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and 1976 (between the Pribilof Isla
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Figure 7.1 Paguridae stage frequenc
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Figure 7.6 Mean larval densities of
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Figure 7.8 Vertical depth distribut
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3) Larval duration in the plankton
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and oil transport developed for the
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Figure 8.1 Current directions and n
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discussed by participants at the St
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Larval Feeding: Studies with other
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and high resultant mortality. Sonnt
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The third reproductive effect invol
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to and impact on, pelagic and benth
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3. Oil was mixed to a 50-m depth in
Page 824 and 825:
synthesis as mutagenic/teratogenic
Page 826 and 827:
One or two very weak year-classes r
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were covered by lower concentration
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Figure 8.3 Surface oil trajectories
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are to the west-southwest (Fig. 8.4
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Large volumes of oil reaching shall
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of time in the neuston layer. If th
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in this area and so deleterious eff
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4. Exposure of developing eggs and
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LITERATURE CITED Adams, A. E. 1979.
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Butler, T. H. 1971. A review of the
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Feder, H. M. and S. C. Jewett. 1980
Page 849 and 850:
Haynes, E. B. 1980a. Larval morphol
Page 851 and 852:
Ivanov, B. G. 1964. Results in the
Page 853 and 854:
Kurata, H. 1960. Studies on the lar
Page 855 and 856:
Douglas Wolfe, ed. Fate and Effects
Page 857 and 858:
Motoh, H. 1976. The larval stages o
Page 859 and 860:
king crab Paralithodes camtschatica
Page 861 and 862:
Roncholt, L. L. 1963. Distribution
Page 863 and 864:
Somerton, D. A. and R. A. Macintosh
Page 865 and 866:
Wencker, D. L., L. S. Incze, and D.
Page 867:
APPENDICES: A: S.E. Bering Sea Shri
Page 871 and 872:
APPENDIX B. References used for ide
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APPENDIX C. Paguridae and Lithodida
Page 877:
TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .......
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zoeae of these two species from the
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the curved lateral processes reach
Page 884 and 885:
Additional Morphological Features U
Page 886 and 887:
APPLICATION OF FINDINGS TO FIELD ST
Page 888:
Kurata, H. 1963. Larvae of Decapoda
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Vol. 53 - Alaska Resources Library and Information Services

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