2007 Trafficking in Persons Report - Center for Women Policy Studies

More documents

Recommendations

Info

U N I T E D K I N G D O M 204 temporary housing in hotels, counseling, medical care, and repatriation aid in Dubai. The Dubai government also refers self-identified victims to an NGO-sponsored shelter. However, the U.A.E. does not offer victims asylum, residence, or other legal alternatives to removal to source countries where they may face retribution. Thus, many victims are reluctant to report being trafficked. Victim Assistance Coordinators in police stations reportedly encourage victims to assist in trafficking investigations, but many victims still conceal the fact that they were trafficked for fear of arrest and deportation. In December 2006, the U.A.E. committed to funding a $9 million expansion of a U.A.E.-UNICEF project to provide assistance to children who had been forced to work as camel jockeys in the U.A.E. and were repatriated two years ago. Prevention The U.A.E. made some progress in preventing trafficking this year. The Dubai police operated a Web site and 24-hour hotline for trafficking victims to lodge complaints. The U.A.E. also continued an awareness campaign including public advertisements and pamphlets distributed in airports, worksites, and embassies warning potential victims of their rights and resources. The U.A.E., however, still has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol. UNITED KINGDOM (Tier 1) The United Kingdom (U.K.) is primarily a destination country for women, children and men trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor. Some victims, however, are also trafficked within the country. The majority of victims are women trafficked internationally to the U.K. for sexual exploitation, though children are also trafficked to the U.K. for the same purpose. Migrant workers are trafficked to the U.K. for forced labor in agriculture, construction, food processing, domestic servitude, restaurants and possibly for illicit activities such as street theft. Children, particularly from West Africa, are also trafficked to the U.K. for forced labor in cannabis factories and Afghan minors may be trafficked for forced manual labor. Main sources of foreign trafficking victims found in the U.K. are Lithuania, Russia, Albania, Ukraine, Malaysia, Thailand, the People’s Republic of China, East and Central Africa, Nigeria, and Ghana. The Government of the United Kingdom fully complies with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. Over the last year, U.K. authorities launched aggressive anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts and sustained significant measures to identify and provide specialized care to adult female sex trafficking victims. To strengthen its response to trafficking, the U.K. should rely more on its specific anti-trafficking laws and less on related laws to prosecute traffickers, and provide systematic and specialized care for child trafficking victims. Prosecution The U.K. government demonstrated strong efforts to combat trafficking through law enforcement in the last year. The U.K. prohibits all forms of trafficking through its 2004 Sexual Offenses Act and its 2004 Asylum and Immigration Act. Under these laws, any form of trafficking carries a sufficiently stringent maximum penalty of 14 years, although the punishment for sex trafficking is less severe than that prescribed for rape. In 2006, U.K. authorities prosecuted 109 individuals for trafficking offenses, 28 of whom were convicted and nine of whom were acquitted. The remaining 75 prosecutions are ongoing. Of the 28, 23 received prison sentences of four years or greater, while two traffickers received less severe sentences of 27 and 30 months, two received a caution, and one received an undisclosed sentence for managing a brothel. Although the government is developing best practices for enforcing its specific anti-trafficking laws, many trafficking cases are prosecuted using non-trafficking statutes, making accurate law enforcement data difficult to obtain. From March to May 2006, the government carried out Operation Pentameter, deploying 55 police units to conduct 515 raids of off-street prostitution sites in the UK. Police arrested 232 individuals, of whom 134 have been charged with sex trafficking or related crimes. In April 2006, the government established the Serious and Organized Crime Agency (SOCA) dedicated to dismantling organized crime, including trafficking. In October 2006, the government launched the U.K. Human Trafficking Center (UKHTC), an entity under the Association of Chief Police Officers that will share trafficking intelligence with SOCA and develop training modules to help attorneys to more effectively prosecute traffickers. Protection The government demonstrated solid efforts to provide care for adult women trafficked for sexual exploitation. It continued to encourage these victims to assist in trafficking investigations and prosecutions by funding two NGOs to provide rehabilitation services to victims who choose to assist law enforce-
ment officials. During the year, the government provided care to 169 adult sex trafficking victims trafficking into the U.K. Through Operation Pentameter, police rescued 84 women and children trafficked for sexual exploitation. The government created a position within the UKHTC for a victim care coordinator who will develop best practices for first responders dealing with trafficking victims. NGOs published reports critical of the government’s lack of systematic and specialized assistance for child trafficking victims. The government places child victims in the care of general social services, such as foster care. The U.K. government did not provide systematic and specialized victim care for adult victims of labor trafficking. The U.K. provides foreign victims with some legal alternatives to their removal to countries where they face hardship or retribution. By filing asylum, humanitarian protection or extraordinary relief claims on a case-by-case basis, such victims may obtain residency. Victims are not inappropriately incarcerated, fined, or penalized for unlawful acts as a direct result of being trafficked. Prevention The Government of the United Kingdom continued strong efforts to educate the public about trafficking during the reporting period. As 2007 marks the 200th anniversary of the abolition of the slave trade in the former British Empire, the government has used this anniversary to raise awareness of modern forms of slavery as well. For example, a U.K. official gave a speech in Romania — a source country for victims trafficked to the U.K. — drawing a parallel between slavery and trafficking. He also made similar remarks in a speech to Parliament in April 2006. The government has put up anti-trafficking posters targeting brothel patrons, such as one captioned “male friend or trafficker?” The government is in the process of finalizing its draft national action plan to combat trafficking and has made an electronic version available for public viewing. URUGUAY (Tier 2) Uruguay is principally a source country for women and children trafficked within the country, particularly to border and tourist areas, for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation. Reports also indicated that some poor parents turned their children over for forced domestic or agricultural labor in rural areas. The Government of Uruguay does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. While official reports of trafficking are few, the government has strengthened programs to educate and warn potential victims. The government should consider updating national laws to criminalize all forms of trafficking, increase efforts to train government personnel throughout the country to identify and investigate potential trafficking situations, and provide greater assistance to victims. Prosecution The Government of Uruguay showed limited progress in its anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts over the last year. Uruguay prohibits some forms of trafficking pursuant to a 2004 anti-trafficking law and a series of older statutes, which provide a range of penalties from 1 to 12 years in prison. However, Uruguay’s anti-trafficking laws do not address trafficking of adults; most trafficking-related crimes fall under commercial sexual exploitation of children, fraud, or slavery laws. The government made limited progress in investigating and prosecuting trafficking cases during the reporting period. Police arrested two individuals in separate cases of exploiting children for pornography, and investigated three other cases of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation. The government cooperates with neighboring and European authorities on international trafficking cases. There is no evidence of official facilitation of human trafficking. Protection The Government of Uruguay continued to lack the capacity to assist all possible trafficking victims during the reporting year. The government provided some assistance to NGOs working in the area of trafficking, but the availability of services remained uneven across the country. The government encourages but does not force victims to assist in the investigation and prosecution of their traffickers. Victims’ rights are generally respected, and there were no reports of victims being jailed, deported, or otherwise penalized. Uruguayan law provides legal alternatives to the removal of foreign victims to countries where they face hardship or retribution. Prevention Government efforts to raise public awareness, particularly among groups most vulnerable to trafficking, remained steady during the reporting period. The Ministry of Education continued to air hard-hitting anti-trafficking commercials on national television, and maintained its program of including anti-trafficking segments in its sex education curriculum. The government relies on NGOs and other funding sources for additional anti-trafficking prevention efforts. U R U G U A Y 205
Page 1 and 2:
Trafficking in Persons Report June
Page 3:
Dear Reader: Two hundred years ago,
Page 6 and 7:
VICTIM PROFILES The victims’ test
Page 8 and 9:
I N T R O D U C T I O N “There re
Page 10 and 11:
I N T R O D U C T I O N INDIA Forc
Page 12 and 13:
I N T R O D U C T I O N A Western m
Page 14 and 15:
I N T R O D U C T I O N To compile
Page 16 and 17:
I N T R O D U C T I O N KENYA/ GERM
Page 18 and 19:
I N T R O D U C T I O N “Human tr
Page 20 and 21:
I N T R O D U C T I O N 18 NIGERIA/
Page 22 and 23:
I N T R O D U C T I O N Criminal Pu
Page 24 and 25:
I N T R O D U C T I O N Confiscatio
Page 26 and 27:
I N T R O D U C T I O N Kyrgyz Repu
Page 28 and 29:
I N T R O D U C T I O N UKRAINE/ IT
Page 30 and 31:
I N T R O D U C T I O N Children Ex
Page 32 and 33:
I N T R O D U C T I O N POLICY APPR
Page 34 and 35:
I N T R O D U C T I O N Products Ma
Page 36 and 37:
I N T R O D U C T I O N The Plight
Page 38 and 39:
GLOBAL LAW ENFORCEMENT DATA I N T R
Page 40 and 41:
C O M M E N D A B L E I N I T I AT
Page 42 and 43:
H E R O E S A C T I N G T O E N D M
Page 44 and 45:
T I E R P L A C E M E N T S TIER PL
Page 46 and 47:
C O U N T R Y M A P S CHINA MONGOLI
Page 48 and 49:
C O U N T R Y M A P S MOROCCO TUNIS
Page 50 and 51:
C O U N T R Y M A P S CANADA U. S.
Page 52 and 53:
50 COUNTRY NARRATIVES
Page 54 and 55:
A L G E R I A 52 trafficked onward
Page 56 and 57:
A R G E N T I N A Prosecution The g
Page 58 and 59:
A R M E N I A 56 ARMENIA (Tier 2 Wa
Page 60 and 61:
A U S T R I A seas. Australia, as c
Page 62 and 63:
B A H R A I N 60 BAHRAIN (Tier 3) B
Page 64 and 65:
B E L A R U S 62 no efforts to prot
Page 66 and 67:
B E L I Z E / B E N I N 64 BELIZE (
Page 68 and 69:
B O S N I A A N D H E R Z E G O V I
Page 70 and 71:
B R A Z I L 68 remained lacking. In
Page 72 and 73:
B U R K I N A F A S O 70 ing invest
Page 74 and 75:
B U R U N D I 72 trials lacking tra
Page 76 and 77:
C A M B O D I A success in combatin
Page 78 and 79:
C A N A D A 76 CANADA (Tier 1) Cana
Page 80 and 81:
C H A D 78 tion, the government als
Page 82 and 83:
C H I N A 80 CHINA (Tier 2 Watch Li
Page 84 and 85:
C O S TA R I C A 82 The Government
Page 86 and 87:
C R O AT I A 84 and girls are traff
Page 88 and 89:
C Y P R U S 86 American tourists ev
Page 90 and 91:
C Z E C H R E P U B L I C 88 convic
Page 92 and 93:
D E N M A R K 90 including child so
Page 94 and 95:
D O M I N I C A N R E P U B L I C 9
Page 96 and 97:
E C U A D O R abandonment process,
Page 98 and 99:
E L S A LV A D O R to assist in inv
Page 100 and 101:
E T H I O P I A 98 trafficking; how
Page 102 and 103:
F I N L A N D 100 and subsequent co
Page 104 and 105:
G A B O N 102 Prosecution The Gover
Page 106 and 107:
G E O R G I A 104 should: increase
Page 108 and 109:
G H A N A 106 in red light district
Page 110 and 111:
G U AT E M A L A 108 The Government
Page 112 and 113:
G U I N E A - B I S S A U 110 servi
Page 114 and 115:
H O N D U R A S 112 particularly in
Page 116 and 117:
H U N G A R Y 114 ficking. Sex traf
Page 118 and 119:
I N D I A significant problem. Over
Page 120 and 121:
I N D O N E S I A Though states hav
Page 122 and 123:
I R A N medical clinic in its shelt
Page 124 and 125:
I TA LY 122 Prior to passing the ne
Page 126 and 127:
J A P A N 124 Prosecution The Gover
Page 128 and 129:
J O R D A N 126 ing efforts in Thai
Page 130 and 131:
K E N Y A 128 victims to NGOs. In 2
Page 132 and 133:
K U W A I T 130 Equality and Family
Page 134 and 135:
K Y R G Y Z R E P U B L I C / L A O
Page 136 and 137:
L E B A N O N 134 of commercial sex
Page 138 and 139:
L I B Y A 136 suspected trafficker
Page 140 and 141:
L U X E M B O U R G approximately 7
Page 142 and 143:
m a c e d o n i a 140 countries whe
Page 144 and 145:
M A L A W I 142 20 children were se
Page 146 and 147:
M A L I 144 establish a government-
Page 148 and 149:
M A U R I TA N I A 146 The Governme
Page 150 and 151:
M E X I C O 148 15 years’ impriso
Page 152 and 153:
M O L D O V A 150 ing victims, Mexi
Page 154 and 155:
M O N T E N E G R O 152 announced p
Page 156 and 157: M O Z M B I Q U E 154 result, poten
Page 158 and 159: T H E N E T H E R L A N D S Protect
Page 160 and 161: N I C A R A G U A 158 Reform Act fo
Page 162 and 163: N I G E R I A 160 ing, Niger should
Page 164 and 165: N O R W A Y 162 The D.P.R.K. regime
Page 166 and 167: P A K I S TA N 164 anti-trafficking
Page 168 and 169: P A P U A N E W G U I N E A Protect
Page 170 and 171: P H I L I P P I N E S 168 The Gover
Page 172 and 173: P O L A N D 170 referred victims to
Page 174 and 175: Q ATA R 172 the first government-fu
Page 176 and 177: R U S S I A 174 to systematically t
Page 178 and 179: S A U D I A R A B I A 176 governmen
Page 180 and 181: S E N E G A L 178 removal to countr
Page 182 and 183: S E R B I A 180 Protection The gove
Page 184 and 185: S I N G A P O R E 182 investigation
Page 186 and 187: S L O V E N I A / S O U T H A F R I
Page 188 and 189: S P A I N 186 Protection Government
Page 190 and 191: S U D A N 188 in trafficking. There
Page 192 and 193: S W E D E N 190 The Government of S
Page 194 and 195: S Y R I A 192 Protection The govern
Page 196 and 197: TA J I K I S TA N 194 of traffickin
Page 198 and 199: TA N Z A N I A The Government of Ta
Page 200 and 201: T O G O 198 has further drawn finan
Page 202 and 203: U G A N D A 200 complicit in traffi
Page 204 and 205: U K R A I N E 202 trafficking; howe
Page 208 and 209: U Z B E K I S TA N UZBEKISTAN (Tier
Page 210 and 211: V I E T N A M job service centers a
Page 212 and 213: Z A M B I A 210 months’ to three
Page 214 and 215: Z I M B A B W E cases against traff
Page 216 and 217: A new public awareness campaign lau
Page 218 and 219: S P E C I A L C A S E S Government
Page 220 and 221: S P E C I A L C A S E S The Governm
Page 222 and 223: S P E C I A L C A S E S 220 Unlike
Page 224 and 225: S P E C I A L C A S E S country. Tu
Page 226 and 227: R E L E V A N T I N T E R N AT I O
Page 228 and 229: R E L E V A N T I N T E R N AT I O
Page 230 and 231: T R A F F I C K I N G V I C T I M S
Page 232 and 233: I n t e r n at i o n a l P e a c e
Page 234 and 235: I n t e r n at i o n a l P e a c e
Page 236 and 237: G L O S S A R Y GLOSSARY OF ACRONYM
Page 238: Hagar Foundation provides day-care
show all

2007 Trafficking in Persons Report - Center for Women Policy Studies

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?