2007 Trafficking in Persons Report - Center for Women Policy Studies

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C O U N T R Y M A P S CANADA U. S. A. THE BAHAMAS MEXICO CUBA DOM. REP. GUATEMALA EL SALVADOR JAMAICA BELIZE HONDURAS COSTA RICA NICARAGUA PANAMA HAITI VENEZUELA BARBADOS GUYANA SURINAME COLOMBIA ECUADOR PERU BRAZIL WESTERN HEMISPHERE CHILE BOLIVIA PARAGUAY URUGUAY ARGENTINA YEAR PROSECUTIONS CONVICTIONS NEW OR AMENDED LEGISLATION 2003 175 27 2 2004 145 56 7 2005 170 59 9 2006 443 63 6 Tier Placements Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 2 Watch List Tier 3 Special Cases 48
United States Government Domestic Anti-Trafficking in Persons Efforts The United States is a source and destination country for thousands of men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of sexual and labor exploitation. Women and girls, largely from East Asia, Eastern Europe, Mexico and Central America are trafficked to the United States into prostitution. Some men and women, responding to fraudulent offers of employment in the United States, migrate willingly—legally and illegally—but are subsequently subjected to conditions of involuntary servitude at work sites or in the commercial sex trade. An unknown number of American citizens and legal residents are trafficked within the country primarily for sexual servitude and, to a lesser extent, forced labor. The United States Government (USG) in 2006 continued to advance the goal of eradicating human trafficking in the United States. This coordinated effort includes several federal agencies and approximately $28.5 million in Fiscal Year (FY) 2006 for domestic programs to boost anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts, identify and protect victims of trafficking, and raise awareness of trafficking as a means of preventing new incidents. While significant progress has been made, the U.S. Government continues to seek improvement in its efforts to address trafficking within the borders of the United States. For example, the U.S. Government, its state and local partners, and NGOs strive to improve coordination of services to victims. This includes efforts to find victims, track the support they receive from the U.S. Government and U.S. Government grantees, and coordinate efforts to effectively provide services. For a complete assessment of USG efforts to combat trafficking in persons, please visit the Department of Justice Web site: http://www.usdoj. gov/whatwedo/whatwedo_ctip.html Prosecution The United States Government continued its efforts to improve anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts over the reporting period. The United States prohibits all forms of trafficking in persons through criminal statutes created or strengthened by the 2000 Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA), which prescribes penalties of up to 20 years’ imprisonment—penalties that are sufficiently stringent and commensurate with those for other grave crimes. In FY 2006, the Department of Justice’s (DOJ) Civil Rights Division and U.S. Attorneys’ Offices initiated 168 investigations, charged 111 individuals, and obtained 98 convictions (including in cases initiated in previous fiscal years). Under the TVPA, traffickers can be sentenced to up to 20 years’ imprisonment. The average sentence imposed for trafficking crimes in FY 2005 was 8.5 years (including defendants convicted in other fiscal years). The Federal Bureau of Investigation and DOJ Criminal Division continued to combat the exploitation of children in prostitution in the United States through the Innocence Lost National Initiative; in FY 2006, this Initiative resulted in 103 open investigations, 157 arrests, 76 indictments, and 43 convictions. State and local governments also made significant law enforcement efforts against trafficking in persons. By the end of 2006, 27 states had passed criminal anti-trafficking legislation. DOJ and Health and Human Services (HHS) continue to increase the number of anti-trafficking task forces, coalitions, and outreach efforts across the United States. DOJ funded 42 task forces at the end of FY 2006, up from 32 in FY 2005. These task forces bring together state, local, and federal law enforcement with partners from NGOs. In 2006, the Department of Labor’s Wage and Hour Division (WHD) began developing resources to help investigators identify potential trafficking issues and began introducing trafficking issues into its investigator training curriculum. During the past year, WHD staff participated in over 30 local, multi-agency task forces on trafficking. Protection The U.S. Government continued to provide strong victim protection services over the year. As of March 2007, HHS had certified 1,175 victims of human trafficking from 77 countries since the TVPA was signed into law in October 2000. In FY 2006, HHS certified 234 foreign victims of human trafficking from a remarkably diverse array of countries. Primary sources in FY 2006 of victims were El Salvador (62), Mexico (47), Republic of Korea (20), and Honduras (17). Certification allows human trafficking survivors to access services and benefits, comparable to assistance provided by the U.S. to refugees. HHS established in April 2006 a Per-Capita Services Contract to provide “anytime, anywhere” services to human trafficking victims. As of March 2007, the contract had enlisted 93 social service agencies to provide care to victims across the country. In FY 2006, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued 192 T-visas to foreign survivors of human trafficking identified in the United States and 106 T-visas to their immediate family members. T-visas are a special visa category resulting from the TVPA. Cumulatively through FY 2006, DHS has issued a total of 729 visas to human trafficking survivors, and another 645 T-visas to members of their family. As part of the assistance provided under the TVPA, the Department of State’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration funds the Return, Reintegration, and Family Reunification Program for Victims of Trafficking. Since its launch in 2005, and through April 2007, the program assisted a total of 67 persons from 22 countries. Of the cases assisted, 5 victims of trafficking elected to return to their country of origin, and 62 family members were reunited with trafficking survivors in the United States. Prevention Prevention efforts were sustained over the year, as HHS continued to fund the Rescue & Restore public awareness campaign and the National Human Trafficking Resource Center with an information hotline that has received more than 4,000 calls since it started in February 2004. The Department of Defense (DOD) Inspector General in November 2006 completed and released publicly a department-wide evaluation of DOD efforts to prevent trafficking in persons. The overall assessment concluded that DOD has made significant progress in implementing a comprehensive program. D O M E S T I C A N T I - T R A F F I C K I N G I N P E R S O N S E F F O R T S 49
Page 1 and 2: Trafficking in Persons Report June
Page 3: Dear Reader: Two hundred years ago,
Page 6 and 7: VICTIM PROFILES The victims’ test
Page 8 and 9: I N T R O D U C T I O N “There re
Page 10 and 11: I N T R O D U C T I O N INDIA Forc
Page 12 and 13: I N T R O D U C T I O N A Western m
Page 14 and 15: I N T R O D U C T I O N To compile
Page 16 and 17: I N T R O D U C T I O N KENYA/ GERM
Page 18 and 19: I N T R O D U C T I O N “Human tr
Page 20 and 21: I N T R O D U C T I O N 18 NIGERIA/
Page 22 and 23: I N T R O D U C T I O N Criminal Pu
Page 24 and 25: I N T R O D U C T I O N Confiscatio
Page 26 and 27: I N T R O D U C T I O N Kyrgyz Repu
Page 28 and 29: I N T R O D U C T I O N UKRAINE/ IT
Page 30 and 31: I N T R O D U C T I O N Children Ex
Page 32 and 33: I N T R O D U C T I O N POLICY APPR
Page 34 and 35: I N T R O D U C T I O N Products Ma
Page 36 and 37: I N T R O D U C T I O N The Plight
Page 38 and 39: GLOBAL LAW ENFORCEMENT DATA I N T R
Page 40 and 41: C O M M E N D A B L E I N I T I AT
Page 42 and 43: H E R O E S A C T I N G T O E N D M
Page 44 and 45: T I E R P L A C E M E N T S TIER PL
Page 46 and 47: C O U N T R Y M A P S CHINA MONGOLI
Page 48 and 49: C O U N T R Y M A P S MOROCCO TUNIS
Page 52 and 53: 50 COUNTRY NARRATIVES
Page 54 and 55: A L G E R I A 52 trafficked onward
Page 56 and 57: A R G E N T I N A Prosecution The g
Page 58 and 59: A R M E N I A 56 ARMENIA (Tier 2 Wa
Page 60 and 61: A U S T R I A seas. Australia, as c
Page 62 and 63: B A H R A I N 60 BAHRAIN (Tier 3) B
Page 64 and 65: B E L A R U S 62 no efforts to prot
Page 66 and 67: B E L I Z E / B E N I N 64 BELIZE (
Page 68 and 69: B O S N I A A N D H E R Z E G O V I
Page 70 and 71: B R A Z I L 68 remained lacking. In
Page 72 and 73: B U R K I N A F A S O 70 ing invest
Page 74 and 75: B U R U N D I 72 trials lacking tra
Page 76 and 77: C A M B O D I A success in combatin
Page 78 and 79: C A N A D A 76 CANADA (Tier 1) Cana
Page 80 and 81: C H A D 78 tion, the government als
Page 82 and 83: C H I N A 80 CHINA (Tier 2 Watch Li
Page 84 and 85: C O S TA R I C A 82 The Government
Page 86 and 87: C R O AT I A 84 and girls are traff
Page 88 and 89: C Y P R U S 86 American tourists ev
Page 90 and 91: C Z E C H R E P U B L I C 88 convic
Page 92 and 93: D E N M A R K 90 including child so
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Page 96 and 97: E C U A D O R abandonment process,
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E T H I O P I A 98 trafficking; how
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F I N L A N D 100 and subsequent co
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G A B O N 102 Prosecution The Gover
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G E O R G I A 104 should: increase
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G H A N A 106 in red light district
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G U AT E M A L A 108 The Government
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G U I N E A - B I S S A U 110 servi
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H O N D U R A S 112 particularly in
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H U N G A R Y 114 ficking. Sex traf
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I N D I A significant problem. Over
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I N D O N E S I A Though states hav
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I R A N medical clinic in its shelt
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I TA LY 122 Prior to passing the ne
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J A P A N 124 Prosecution The Gover
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J O R D A N 126 ing efforts in Thai
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K E N Y A 128 victims to NGOs. In 2
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K U W A I T 130 Equality and Family
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K Y R G Y Z R E P U B L I C / L A O
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L E B A N O N 134 of commercial sex
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L I B Y A 136 suspected trafficker
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L U X E M B O U R G approximately 7
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m a c e d o n i a 140 countries whe
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M A L A W I 142 20 children were se
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M A L I 144 establish a government-
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M A U R I TA N I A 146 The Governme
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M E X I C O 148 15 years’ impriso
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M O L D O V A 150 ing victims, Mexi
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M O N T E N E G R O 152 announced p
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M O Z M B I Q U E 154 result, poten
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T H E N E T H E R L A N D S Protect
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N I C A R A G U A 158 Reform Act fo
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N I G E R I A 160 ing, Niger should
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N O R W A Y 162 The D.P.R.K. regime
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P A K I S TA N 164 anti-trafficking
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P A P U A N E W G U I N E A Protect
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P H I L I P P I N E S 168 The Gover
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P O L A N D 170 referred victims to
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Q ATA R 172 the first government-fu
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R U S S I A 174 to systematically t
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S A U D I A R A B I A 176 governmen
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S E N E G A L 178 removal to countr
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S E R B I A 180 Protection The gove
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S I N G A P O R E 182 investigation
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S L O V E N I A / S O U T H A F R I
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S P A I N 186 Protection Government
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S U D A N 188 in trafficking. There
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S W E D E N 190 The Government of S
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S Y R I A 192 Protection The govern
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TA J I K I S TA N 194 of traffickin
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TA N Z A N I A The Government of Ta
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T O G O 198 has further drawn finan
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U G A N D A 200 complicit in traffi
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U K R A I N E 202 trafficking; howe
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U N I T E D K I N G D O M 204 tempo
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U Z B E K I S TA N UZBEKISTAN (Tier
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V I E T N A M job service centers a
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Z A M B I A 210 months’ to three
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Z I M B A B W E cases against traff
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A new public awareness campaign lau
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S P E C I A L C A S E S Government
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S P E C I A L C A S E S The Governm
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S P E C I A L C A S E S 220 Unlike
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S P E C I A L C A S E S country. Tu
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R E L E V A N T I N T E R N AT I O
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R E L E V A N T I N T E R N AT I O
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T R A F F I C K I N G V I C T I M S
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I n t e r n at i o n a l P e a c e
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I n t e r n at i o n a l P e a c e
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G L O S S A R Y GLOSSARY OF ACRONYM
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Hagar Foundation provides day-care
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2007 Trafficking in Persons Report - Center for Women Policy Studies

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