2007 Trafficking in Persons Report - Center for Women Policy Studies

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C H A D 78 tion, the government also refers destitute children to NGOs for care. The Minister of Social Affairs has begun to organize an NGO network to improve government and civil society cooperation in providing care to children in distress, including trafficking victims. The government does not encourage victims to assist in trafficking investigations and prosecutions. The government does not provide legal alternatives to the removal of victims to countries where they would face hardship or retribution. The government does not arrest or detain victims. Prevention The Government of the C.A.R. took some steps to prevent trafficking during the reporting period. The government created an inter-ministerial committee to combat child trafficking, composed of nine ministry representatives. The Ministry of Social Affairs worked with UNICEF to develop a National Action Plan to prevent child sexual abuse, including child sex trafficking. The Inter-Ministerial Committee adopted this plan in September 2006. The government is planning a trafficking awareness event in 2007 on African Children’s Day. CHAD (Tier 2 Watch List) Chad is a source, transit, and destination country for children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation. The majority of children are trafficked within Chad for involuntary domestic servitude, herding, forced begging, or sexual exploitation. Chadian children are also trafficked to Cameroon, the Central African Republic, and Nigeria for cattle herding. Minors may also be trafficked from Cameroon and the Central African Republic to Chad’s oil producing regions for sexual exploitation. Reports indicate that Chadian rebels and the Chadian National Army unlawfully recruit minors into the armed forces. UNHCR reported that Sudanese rebels recruit Sudanese minors into armed forces from refugee camps in Chad. The Government of Chad does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so, despite limited resources. Chad is placed on Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking over the past year. To strengthen its response to trafficking, Chad should pass its draft law prohibiting child trafficking, closely monitor its armed forces to ensure minors are not unlawfully recruited, enforce trafficking-related laws to arrest and prosecute traffickers, liaise with NGOs and international organizations to care for victims, and increase efforts to raise awareness about trafficking. Prosecution The Government of Chad made minimal efforts to combat trafficking through law enforcement during the reporting period. Chadian law does not prohibit trafficking in persons. A draft 2004 law against child trafficking has yet to be passed. A 2005 Ministry of Justice-sponsored executive decree to harmonize Chadian law with international standards against child labor exploitation has yet to be submitted to the Council of Ministers for approval. The government did not provide data on trafficking prosecutions or convictions during the year. The government arrested traffickers of a 16-year-old child, but failed to prosecute them due to lack of child-specific provisions in the penal code. A local NGO reported that after much urging from civil society, police arrested a child sex trafficker under kidnapping laws, placing him in jail from May to July, 2006, but he escaped before the government could take further legal action. Police arrested another suspected child sex trafficker in August 2006 under kidnapping laws, but released the suspect without taking further legal action. NGOs report that local officials use intermediaries to recruit child cattle herders. While the government has conducted some investigations, no officials have been penalized for involvement in trafficking children for herding. Protection The government demonstrated weak efforts to protect trafficking victims during the reporting period. In August, Chadian officials rescued a 16-yearold victim who was reunited with her parents and helped return a trafficked child rescued by Nigerian authorities to his home village. Police also rescued two victims of sex trafficking in February 2007. The government lacks shelters specifically for trafficking victims, but operates a shelter that provides some care to male street children, some of whom may be trafficking victims. Government authorities have not established strong ties with NGOs to provide care for victims. Authorities do not regularly conduct investigations of trafficking cases to identify and rescue victims. Despite requests to do so by international organization officials, Chadian authorities have failed to take measures to protect Sudanese children in refugee camps in Chad from being recruited by Sudanese rebels for armed conflict. The government does not encourage victims to assist in trafficking investigations or prosecutions. The government does not provide legal alternatives to the removal of foreign victims to countries where they face hardship or retribution. Victims are not inappropriately incar-
cerated, fined or otherwise penalized for unlawful acts as a direct result of being trafficked. Prevention The Government of Chad continued modest efforts to raise awareness about trafficking during the reporting period. The government, in collaboration with UNICEF and other partners, staged two public awareness-raising rallies on the exploitation of children as herders and domestics workers in Metekaga and Nderguigui; 6,000 people were present. Government-controlled television aired anti-trafficking documentaries and government radio broadcast programs for parents about how to protect children from traffickers. The government denied reports that the Chadian National Army recruits minors. However, it agreed to cooperate with UNICEF to conduct a survey on child soldiers in Chad in 2007. Chad has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol. CHILE (Tier 2) Chile is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation. Most victims of sex trafficking are Chilean women and girls who are trafficked within the country. Chileans are trafficked to neighboring countries, the United States, Spain, and Japan for sexual and labor exploitation. Foreign victims are brought to Chile for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor from Peru, Argentina, Colombia, Bolivia, and China. Chinese nationals transit Chile en route to Mexico, the United States, and Canada. The Government of Chile does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. The government made solid efforts to raise public awareness about the dangers of human trafficking, to coordinate government efforts to combat trafficking, and to support NGO victimassistance programs. In the coming year, the government should enact comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation to criminalize all forms of trafficking and increase training for judges, police, and key criminal-justice personnel. Prosecution The Government of Chile continued to improve its law enforcement efforts against traffickers. Chile does not prohibit all forms of trafficking, though it criminalizes transnational trafficking for sexual exploitation through Article 367 of its penal code. Penalties under this statute range from three to 20 years’ imprisonment, depending on whether aggravated circumstances exist. Such penalties are sufficiently stringent and commensurate with penalties for rape and other grave crimes. However, the government does not prohibit labor trafficking and some forms of internal trafficking. A draft anti-trafficking law is now pending before Chile’s Chamber of Deputies; it should be passed so that all forms of trafficking are clearly prohibited and punished. During the reporting period, the government opened 13 trafficking investigations, completed two prosecutions, and obtained one conviction, which resulted in a six-year sentence. The government also opened 94 investigations into the promotion and facilitation of child prostitution, obtaining nine convictions. Chilean authorities reported difficulties, however, in obtaining convictions in trafficking cases where witnesses had not been physically victimized or injured. Chilean police engaged in covert anti-trafficking operations and stings and incorporated trafficking into police training programs in 2006. The government works closely with neighboring governments and the United States on international trafficking cases. No government officials were investigated or prosecuted for complicity with trafficking during the reporting period. Protection The Chilean government made solid efforts to assist trafficking victims during the reporting period. The government systematically identifies and refers trafficking victims to NGOs and shelters, where they receive psychological counseling and support. The government also funds victim-assistance programs and projects. Chilean authorities encourage victims to assist in the investigation and prosecution of their traffickers. There were no reports that victims were punished for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of being trafficked. Trafficking victims may remain in Chile during legal proceedings against their traffickers, and may apply for legal residency. The government works with foreign governments to facilitate the safe return of Chilean victims trafficked abroad. Prevention The government continued prevention efforts during the reporting period. The government conducted regular education and outreach campaigns, which were geared to prevent the sexual exploitation of minors. The government also continued to conduct joint public awareness-raising projects with NGOs and international organizations, and it funded antitrafficking training programs and projects. C H I L E 79
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Trafficking in Persons Report June
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Dear Reader: Two hundred years ago,
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VICTIM PROFILES The victims’ test
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I N T R O D U C T I O N “There re
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I N T R O D U C T I O N INDIA Forc
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I N T R O D U C T I O N A Western m
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I N T R O D U C T I O N To compile
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I N T R O D U C T I O N KENYA/ GERM
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I N T R O D U C T I O N “Human tr
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I N T R O D U C T I O N 18 NIGERIA/
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I N T R O D U C T I O N Criminal Pu
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I N T R O D U C T I O N Confiscatio
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I N T R O D U C T I O N Kyrgyz Repu
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I N T R O D U C T I O N UKRAINE/ IT
Page 30 and 31: I N T R O D U C T I O N Children Ex
Page 32 and 33: I N T R O D U C T I O N POLICY APPR
Page 34 and 35: I N T R O D U C T I O N Products Ma
Page 36 and 37: I N T R O D U C T I O N The Plight
Page 38 and 39: GLOBAL LAW ENFORCEMENT DATA I N T R
Page 40 and 41: C O M M E N D A B L E I N I T I AT
Page 42 and 43: H E R O E S A C T I N G T O E N D M
Page 44 and 45: T I E R P L A C E M E N T S TIER PL
Page 46 and 47: C O U N T R Y M A P S CHINA MONGOLI
Page 48 and 49: C O U N T R Y M A P S MOROCCO TUNIS
Page 50 and 51: C O U N T R Y M A P S CANADA U. S.
Page 52 and 53: 50 COUNTRY NARRATIVES
Page 54 and 55: A L G E R I A 52 trafficked onward
Page 56 and 57: A R G E N T I N A Prosecution The g
Page 58 and 59: A R M E N I A 56 ARMENIA (Tier 2 Wa
Page 60 and 61: A U S T R I A seas. Australia, as c
Page 62 and 63: B A H R A I N 60 BAHRAIN (Tier 3) B
Page 64 and 65: B E L A R U S 62 no efforts to prot
Page 66 and 67: B E L I Z E / B E N I N 64 BELIZE (
Page 68 and 69: B O S N I A A N D H E R Z E G O V I
Page 70 and 71: B R A Z I L 68 remained lacking. In
Page 72 and 73: B U R K I N A F A S O 70 ing invest
Page 74 and 75: B U R U N D I 72 trials lacking tra
Page 76 and 77: C A M B O D I A success in combatin
Page 78 and 79: C A N A D A 76 CANADA (Tier 1) Cana
Page 82 and 83: C H I N A 80 CHINA (Tier 2 Watch Li
Page 84 and 85: C O S TA R I C A 82 The Government
Page 86 and 87: C R O AT I A 84 and girls are traff
Page 88 and 89: C Y P R U S 86 American tourists ev
Page 90 and 91: C Z E C H R E P U B L I C 88 convic
Page 92 and 93: D E N M A R K 90 including child so
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Page 96 and 97: E C U A D O R abandonment process,
Page 98 and 99: E L S A LV A D O R to assist in inv
Page 100 and 101: E T H I O P I A 98 trafficking; how
Page 102 and 103: F I N L A N D 100 and subsequent co
Page 104 and 105: G A B O N 102 Prosecution The Gover
Page 106 and 107: G E O R G I A 104 should: increase
Page 108 and 109: G H A N A 106 in red light district
Page 110 and 111: G U AT E M A L A 108 The Government
Page 112 and 113: G U I N E A - B I S S A U 110 servi
Page 114 and 115: H O N D U R A S 112 particularly in
Page 116 and 117: H U N G A R Y 114 ficking. Sex traf
Page 118 and 119: I N D I A significant problem. Over
Page 120 and 121: I N D O N E S I A Though states hav
Page 122 and 123: I R A N medical clinic in its shelt
Page 124 and 125: I TA LY 122 Prior to passing the ne
Page 126 and 127: J A P A N 124 Prosecution The Gover
Page 128 and 129: J O R D A N 126 ing efforts in Thai
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K E N Y A 128 victims to NGOs. In 2
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K U W A I T 130 Equality and Family
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K Y R G Y Z R E P U B L I C / L A O
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L E B A N O N 134 of commercial sex
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L I B Y A 136 suspected trafficker
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L U X E M B O U R G approximately 7
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m a c e d o n i a 140 countries whe
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M A L A W I 142 20 children were se
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M A L I 144 establish a government-
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M A U R I TA N I A 146 The Governme
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M E X I C O 148 15 years’ impriso
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M O L D O V A 150 ing victims, Mexi
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M O N T E N E G R O 152 announced p
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M O Z M B I Q U E 154 result, poten
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T H E N E T H E R L A N D S Protect
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N I C A R A G U A 158 Reform Act fo
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N I G E R I A 160 ing, Niger should
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N O R W A Y 162 The D.P.R.K. regime
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P A K I S TA N 164 anti-trafficking
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P A P U A N E W G U I N E A Protect
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P H I L I P P I N E S 168 The Gover
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P O L A N D 170 referred victims to
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Q ATA R 172 the first government-fu
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R U S S I A 174 to systematically t
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S A U D I A R A B I A 176 governmen
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S E N E G A L 178 removal to countr
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S E R B I A 180 Protection The gove
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S I N G A P O R E 182 investigation
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S L O V E N I A / S O U T H A F R I
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S P A I N 186 Protection Government
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S U D A N 188 in trafficking. There
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S W E D E N 190 The Government of S
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S Y R I A 192 Protection The govern
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TA J I K I S TA N 194 of traffickin
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TA N Z A N I A The Government of Ta
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T O G O 198 has further drawn finan
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U G A N D A 200 complicit in traffi
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U K R A I N E 202 trafficking; howe
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U N I T E D K I N G D O M 204 tempo
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U Z B E K I S TA N UZBEKISTAN (Tier
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V I E T N A M job service centers a
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Z A M B I A 210 months’ to three
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Z I M B A B W E cases against traff
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A new public awareness campaign lau
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S P E C I A L C A S E S Government
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S P E C I A L C A S E S The Governm
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S P E C I A L C A S E S 220 Unlike
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S P E C I A L C A S E S country. Tu
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R E L E V A N T I N T E R N AT I O
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R E L E V A N T I N T E R N AT I O
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T R A F F I C K I N G V I C T I M S
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I n t e r n at i o n a l P e a c e
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I n t e r n at i o n a l P e a c e
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G L O S S A R Y GLOSSARY OF ACRONYM
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Hagar Foundation provides day-care
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2007 Trafficking in Persons Report - Center for Women Policy Studies

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