Introduction - Uppsala Monitoring Centre

1945)
1945 December
Four typhoid carriers were treated:
1. Fever and inflammation at injection site
2. Depression of blood pressure (Rutstein et al., 1945)
1946 January Forty-five patients treated. Two had a bad taste in the mouth,
dizziness and respiratory difficulty and lost consciousness for 3-5
minutes. Thirteen of the remaining patients had toxic symptoms:
fever - 3, rash -2, generalised aching, weakness and pain the joints -
9, and one had swelling of her wrists. Others had flushing of the skin,
headache and a sense of fullness in the head shortly after injection
(Buggs et al., 1946).
1946 March Nine patients. Differing doses.
1. Histamine reactions: flushing, headache, fall in blood
pressure (2)
2. Fever (4), myalgias and arthralgias (3)
3. Skin eruption (2)
4. Local reactions: pain and tenderness
5. Urine: two patients had formed elements and one haematuria
(Hettig & Adcock, 1946).
1946 June US Veterans Administration started clinical trials using 1.8 gm daily
and in December 1946 the dose was increased to 2.0 Gm daily.
1946 September 4 th
1946 September 14 th
Eighth Nerve Toxicity. Twenty three patients. The dose used is
uncertain.
1. Equilibrium problems: dizziness, lightheadedness and giddiness
produced by turning over in bed or sitting up for meals; several
complained of nausea and one vomited and one had
spontaneous nystagmus. Caloric stimulation indicated a decrease
in labyrinthine function usually bilateral. After stopping treatment
because of dizziness labyrinthine function doesn’t return to normal
but compensation takes place.
2. Hearing problems: five had some degree of hearing loss and five
cases had tinnitus. If the treatment was stopped the hearing
usually improved. There was no cochlea dysfunction at 1-2 grams
daily (Brown & Hinshaw, 1946).
One thousand patients. Incidence of ADRs was 20.5 %
1. Sensitization reactions: skin eruptions (erythematous, urticarial,