MOSAIC - The training kit for Euro-Mediterranean youth work

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3 379 Rebels and freedom fighters What is the difference between an insurgent, a freedom fighter, a rebel, a bandit and a terrorist? The activity analyses a political event as reported by different news outlets. Themes Level of complexity 3 Political and Intercultural Peace institutional context learning and conflict Issues addressed Analysis of a current event The reliability of media sources Different cultural or national perspectives on international news Objectives To analyse a piece of international news from different perspectives in the Euro-Mediterranean context To relate critically to sources of information and understand the hidden messages contained in much media reporting To practise a piece of “objective” reporting Group size 8-25 Time 90 minutes Preparation Select three or four different news sources, like Internet sites or newspapers/ magazines. Print out or make available articles from each of these sources, all relating to one event, for example, an account of a terrorist act, a military strike or a major political decision. Include any accompanying images. Materials Articles or print-outs, as above Flipchart paper Marker pens, glue, coloured paper The handout “Reporting on reporting” (optional) Rebels and freedom fighters
380 Instructions Begin by asking participants the question posed by the taster: how should we distinguish between “freedom fighters”, “rebels”, “insurgents”, “terrorists”, “paramilitaries” and any other terms that are used? Which of these terms is negative and which, if any, is positive? Why do media outlets sometimes use one and sometimes another of these terms? Explain that they are going to look at an event that has been reported in different ways by different media channels. The task of each group is to establish the “facts” in the news report they are given, and to establish any opinions that are implied or stated explicitly. Groups should spend their first 20 minutes noting and discussing: – facts that can be deduced from the report (anything it is hard to dispute!) – opinions presented in the report as opinions (i.e. words or phrases that make it clear that the author is only expressing his/her opinion) – words, images or phrases that have been used to give the report a particular slant or interpretation and that “hide” as facts (like “terrorist” or “freedom fighter”) Divide participants into groups, trying to ensure gender and regional diversity within each group. Give each group one article and (if you wish) a copy of the handout “Reporting on reporting”. Tell the groups they have 45 minutes for the whole task and that they should leave at least 20 minutes of this time to produce the flipchart. Explain that at the end of the session their flipcharts will be displayed as a series of “reports on reports”. Emphasise that there will be no verbal presentations, so the flipcharts need to be self-explanatory. The flipcharts need to contain: – essential information about what happened: what is the report meant to be about? – the editorial position: what attitude (if any) does the news outlet adopt to this event? When the groups have finished, ask them to display their flipcharts so that they can be viewed. Give everyone time to walk around and look at the different reports. Bring the group together for the debriefing and evaluation. Debriefing and evaluation What are your general impressions after the activity? Are there any questions for the other groups? How different were the reports on the same event? How much of the report that you studied was “fact” and how much appeared to be interpretation or opinion? How easy was it to distinguish fact from interpretation or opinion? Are you surprised by the “objectivity” of these different media outlets, or are you more surprised by the lack of objectivity? Was any of the bias regional in scope, for example, reflecting a southern or northern, European or Mediterranean perspective? MOSAIC - The training kit for Euro-Mediterranean youth work
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11 Mosaic The training kit for Euro
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2 This document does not necessaril
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5 Contents List of figures and tabl
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7 List of figures and tables Figure
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9 List of abbreviations AHDR Arab H
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11 Acknowledgements The production
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14 work, a history textbook or a po
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1 17 T he Mediterranean is both hom
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1 19 and comments on the texts on l
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1 21 Environment The Mediterranean
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1 23 Table 0.1: What is in an activ
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1 25 D Intercultural learning Chapt
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1 27 Always adapt in the light of t
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2 29 Themes
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32 this chapter also looks at the i
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34 the United Kingdom and Ireland;
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36 Figure 1.2: The member states of
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38 Being a crossroads and a bridge
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40 the use of force to settle dispu
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42 D 1.6.1 The Euro-Mediterranean P
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44 Figure 1.4: The countries of the
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46 1.7 Euro-Mediterranean youth wor
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48 Euro-Mediterranean youth work ca
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50 D 1.7.2 Euro-Med Youth Units and
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52 In addition to the efforts of va
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54 the youth field to co-operate wi
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56 of its geography. The institutio
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58 38. See www.isesco.org.ma/Englis
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60 91. For the 2003 Compendium on E
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62 and corn, as well as the tobacco
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64 Meeting and confronting the stra
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66 Russia and Morocco. Can one igno
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68 Arab nationalism and creation of
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70 In terms of the substance of a n
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72 Some projects supported by the E
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74 3. Any timeline, like any histor
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76 Our perceptions, habits and dail
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78 3.3 Elements of culture Time, pl
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80 3.4 Cultural diversity 18 Cultur
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82 Homogenisation. The movement of
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84 many Mediterranean states are of
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86 If Orientalism can be defined as
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88 to today with the mobility of pe
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90 Intercultural dialogue may serve
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92 able to accept others, role dist
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94 13. Dadsi, D. (1995) Specificiti
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96 68. Iben, G. (1974) Sozialerzieh
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98 4.2 Young people’s realities -
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100 For Europe this means that rele
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102 In terms of its implementation,
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104 4.4 What is youth participation
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106 Table 4.2: Resolutions and agre
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108 Education, information, health
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110 Some examples of participatory
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112 The Ladder of Participation 59
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114 Competences We might utilise a
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116 Some basic methods and guidelin
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118 12. The Mediterranean countries
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120 58. This is also one aspect of
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122 These are some of the questions
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124 As the institutions ultimately
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126 is that some rights (negative r
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128 D 5.5.1 The European Enlightenm
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130 The Second Optional Protocol 8
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132 Other important human rights do
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134 Some real examples of violation
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136 Finally, if all of this was not
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138 or the way existing mechanisms
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140 Education through human rights
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142 18. See www.echr.coe.int/echr.
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144 everywhere and nowhere. Althoug
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146 Attitudes in a given society/co
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148 So, although women are oppresse
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150 Gender mainstreaming The United
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152 Marxist feminism also argues th
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154 In addition to these global eff
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156 to benefit from them. When this
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158 and political, social, economic
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160 D 6.5.4 Women and the labour ma
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162 b) physical, sexual and psychol
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164 to become emancipated, another
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166 What can be done to overcome th
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168 Focusing on specific gender iss
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170 3. Organization for Security an
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172 65. Walby, S. (1991); Council o
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174 127. Council of Europe (2008),
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176 188. UN-INSTRAW, Glossary of ge
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178 of minorities, it is hard to pi
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180 In the Arab Human Development R
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182 minority young people might go
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184 7.5 Issues related to minoritie
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186 Problems within and between nor
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188 people who are tolerant but do
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190 Convention, people who claim th
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192 7.10 Challenges for Euro-Medite
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194 adopt non-formal education in
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196 20. See www.escwa.org.lb/ayd/ (
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2 199 8 Religion and tolerance Figu
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2 201 Tolerance The United Nations
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2 203 organised beliefs and practic
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2 205 It seems that the political a
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2 207 to see that fundamentalism is
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2 209 initiatives of non-government
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2 211 the official religion of the
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2 213 share the same essential doct
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2 215 to the Maghreb, the Iberian P
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2 217 70 days after the end of the
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2 219 Zionism 111 refers to the Jew
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2 221 Yazidis are thought to be des
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2 223 In the 21st century, in many
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2 225 laws that regulate various as
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2 227 8. Religion (2007) Encyclopæ
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2 229 65 . Baptism (2007) Encyclop
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2 231 124. Reconstructionism (2007)
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2 233 9 Peace and conflict Figure 9
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2 235 Conflict can be defined as
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2 237 Avoidance can be related to f
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2 239 “I-message” is an effecti
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2 241 Sulha is a traditional Arab m
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2 243 Biased attributions: when pe
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2 245 A second set of concepts whos
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2 247 Humanising the enemy: Feeling
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2 249 is another ‘need’ that mi
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2 251 Peace can be built by actions
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2 253 not only to results but also
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2 255 19. Silverstein, B. and Flame
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258 The environment and people have
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260 10.3 The first Eden: 10 the Eur
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262 landscape, mostly by the destru
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264 Another example from the Medite
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266 Unfortunately, tensions over sh
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268 campaigns and training events.
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270 The overall aim of the renewed
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272 Preservation and restoration of
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274 Notes 1. “Environment” in C
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T-Kit No.11 - MOSAIC - The training
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3 279 Activities index Title Level
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282 Instructions Explain that the
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284 Further information A brief acc
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286 Instructions Ask the group to
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288 Ideas for action Compare the si
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290 Instructions Explain that the
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292 Religion and spirituality can
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3 295 Camels go far without water C
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3 297 What did you learn about you
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3 299 A camel which has carried i
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302 Instructions Tell people to get
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304 Further information See http://
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306 Explain that the information s
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308 Further information The Enemy i
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310 Materials One set of questions
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312 Handouts Rules of the Game Ques
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314 Answers to Question 1: The Bar
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316 Instructions Explain that the a
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318 to the rest of the group once t
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320 Handouts Possible topics for de
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322 Instructions Divide participan
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324 Handouts The list of features.
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326 Instructions The activity is sp
Page 329 and 330: 328 Variations You could use the me
Page 331 and 332: 330 Instructions Introduce the aims
Page 333 and 334: 332 Handouts Handouts in envelopes
Page 335 and 336: 334 Tell them that they now need t
Page 337 and 338: 336 Suggestions for follow up If yo
Page 339 and 340: 338 Instructions Explain that the p
Page 342 and 343: 3 341 Mapping the globe If you don
Page 344 and 345: 3 343 How can you help to protect
Page 346: 3 345 Handouts Role-cards and the s
Page 349 and 350: 348 Give them 15-20 minutes for th
Page 352 and 353: 3 351 Natural beauty How did they m
Page 354 and 355: 3 353 find, the more interesting an
Page 356 and 357: 3 355 Orange Blue The earth is blue
Page 358 and 359: 3 357 Tips for the facilitator The
Page 360: 3 359 More maps! Orange Blue
Page 363 and 364: 362 Instructions Divide people into
Page 365 and 366: 364 Handouts Guidance notes for the
Page 367 and 368: 366 Instructions Part 1: Invite peo
Page 369 and 370: 368 Further information Have a look
Page 372 and 373: 3 371 Pass it on Be not disturbed a
Page 374 and 375: 3 373 What information was left ou
Page 376 and 377: 3 375 Pieces of cake Everyone has t
Page 378 and 379: 3 377 the average, and would receiv
Page 382 and 383: 3 381 Would it be possible to be o
Page 384 and 385: 3 383 Reshaping racism There is no
Page 386: 3 385 Tips for the facilitator Depe
Page 389 and 390: 388 Instructions Ask participants w
Page 391 and 392: 390 The WTO recommends a number of
Page 393 and 394: 392 The activity will be more usef
Page 395 and 396: 394 Suggestions for follow-up Look
Page 397 and 398: 396 When they have arranged themse
Page 400 and 401: 3 399 Timeline of history Inter-rel
Page 402: 3 401 Variations The “personal hi
Page 405 and 406: 404 Instructions Divide participant
Page 407 and 408: 406 Handouts Decision cards 1-14 C
Page 409 and 410: 408 Instructions Begin by asking pa
Page 411 and 412: 410 Handouts Diamond-ranking diagra
Page 413 and 414: 412 Instructions Ask participants t
Page 416 and 417: 4 415 About the editors and contrib
Page 418 and 419: 4 417 Ellie Keen editor and co-auth
Page 420 and 421: 419 Extended table of contents List
Page 422 and 423: 421 5.3 Human rights values _______
Page 424 and 425: 423 4 Camels go far without water -
Page 426: 11 Mosaic The training kit for Euro
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