national multiple family submetering and allocation billing program ...

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure ES.1.1 Adjusted average annual water use per unit – Model #2..................................xxviii
Figure ES.1.2 Difference in adjusted average annual water use of impacted properties compared
to in-rent properties – Model #2........................................................................................xxviii
Figure ES.1.3 Demand curve and demand equations, elasticity analysis #1 (utility rates) ..... xxxvi
Figure 1.1 Example of remote registers for submetering…………………………………………5
Figure 1.2 Example of a hot water hybrid meter setup................................................................... 7
Figure 1.3 Project organization chart............................................................................................ 10
Figure 3.1 National Multiple Family Submetering and Allocation Billing Program Study flow
chart........................................................................................................................................ 30
Figure 3.2 National Multiple Family Submetering and Allocation Billing Program Study sites. 35
Figure 3.3 From left to right: a site auditor testing the faucet flow rate, inspecting the toilet lid
for a date stamp, and testing the shower flow rate................................................................. 47
Figure 4.1 Percent of different billing methods among postcard survey respondents.................. 69
Figure 4.2 Rate of rentals in manager survey respondents ........................................................... 73
Figure 4.3 Properties with more than 100 units, manager survey respondents ............................ 74
Figure 4.4 Average number of bedrooms per unit, manager survey respondents ........................ 75
Figure 4.5 Average rent per bedroom, manager survey respondents ........................................... 76
Figure 4.6 Percent of properties built before 1995 and built since 1995...................................... 76
Figure 4.7 Percent of properties classified as “senior citizen community” .................................. 77
Figure 4.8 Percent of properties with a swimming pool (indoor or outdoor)............................... 78
Figure 4.9 Percent of properties with various common area and building-related amenities and
features ................................................................................................................................... 79
Figure 4.10 Percent of properties with clothes washer hook-ups or dishwashers ........................ 80
Figure 4.11 Impact properties that experienced billing complaints after conversion.................. 84
Figure 4.12 Percent of surveyed properties built before 1995 that replaced 75% or more fixtures
since 1995............................................................................................................................... 86
Figure 4.13 Presence of water using features, resident survey respondents................................. 90
Figure 4.14 Presence of water using fixtures and features, resident survey respondents............. 91
Figure 4.15 Frequency of water use for irrigation, resident survey respondents.......................... 92
Figure 4.16 Resident satisfaction rates by water billing method.................................................. 96
Figure 4.17 Submeter water bill #1 from billing company #1.................................................... 100
Figure 4.18 Submeter water bill #2 from billing company #2.................................................... 102
Figure 4.19 Submeter water bill #3............................................................................................. 103
Figure 4.20 Submeter water bill #4 from billing company #3.................................................... 104
Figure 4.21 Submeter water bill #4 from billing company #3 (continued) ................................ 105
Figure 4.22 Submeter water bill #5 from billing company #4.................................................... 106
Figure 4.23 Hot water hybrid water bill #1 from billing company #5........................................ 108
Figure 4.24 Hot water hybrid water bill #2 from billing company #6........................................ 109
Figure 4.25 RUBS water bill #1 ................................................................................................. 111
Figure 4.26 RUBS water bill #2 from billing company #7......................................................... 112
Figure 4.27 RUBS water bill #3 ................................................................................................. 113
Figure 4.28 RUBS water bill #4 from billing company #8......................................................... 114
Figure 4.29 RUBS water bill #5 ................................................................................................. 115
xi