national multiple family submetering and allocation billing program ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Total-capture submetering – a type of submetering where all of the actual water consumption in each unit is measured. Transmitter – A Radio Frequency (RF) system component that sends usage data from a meter to a Receiver. T-test – An inferential statistical test for comparing two means. A dependent or paired t-test is used to compare the mean difference score between paired measurements, as in a repeated measures (like the pre- and post-conversion analysis) or matched pair design. Utility – Used alternately to describe a provided a natural resource, such as water, gas, electric as well as for the provider of the resource (also see Service Provider.) Utility allocation – Determining resident charges for utilities by means of a formula rather than measured usage. WW – wastewater Water meter size – Normally corresponds to the pipe bore, for example 1”. For some models a second designation refers to the matching pipe end connections. For example, a 5/8” x 3/4” meter has a nominal 5/8” and ¾’ straight pipe threads. Waterworks bronze – Refers to one of two generally accepted alloys, one with a nominal composition of 81% copper, 3% tin, 7% lead and 9% zinc or another with a nominal composition of 85% copper, 5% each tin, lead and zinc. 280
UNITS OF MEASURE – WATER, GAS, AND ELECTRICITY Water – - U.S. Gallons (nominally 231 cubic inches of water) - Cubic Feet, one of which is equivalent to 7.48 gallons. Thousands of gallons (kgal) and hundreds of cubic feet (CCF or HCF)are the most common water-billing units in the Unites States. Gas – Electricity – Therms, 1 of which equals 100 Cubic Feet. Kilowatt Hours, which represent the amount of energy delivered at a rate of 1000 watts over a period of one hour. The kilowatt hour is equivalent to 3.9 megajoules of energy. 281
Page 1 and 2:
NATIONAL MULTIPLE FAMILY SUBMETERIN
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES............
Page 5 and 6:
Matched-Pair Analysis .............
Page 7 and 8:
LIST OF TABLES Table ES.1.1 Breakdo
Page 9:
Table 6.6 Elasticity values, analys
Page 12 and 13:
Figure 4.30 RUBS water bill #6 ....
Page 14 and 15:
investigated local water savings as
Page 16 and 17:
We are grateful to the members of a
Page 18 and 19:
quantitative aspects of separate bi
Page 20 and 21:
3. Owner/postcard survey: To identi
Page 22 and 23:
"averages" of impact property water
Page 24 and 25:
in-rent properties, others used the
Page 26 and 27:
of these models included the billin
Page 28 and 29:
70 Average Annual Water Use Per Uni
Page 30 and 31:
COSTS AND BENEFITS Beyond quantifyi
Page 32 and 33:
service charge, then the resident w
Page 34 and 35:
Billing Method Efficient Fixtures?
Page 36 and 37:
70 Avg. Water Use per MF Unit (kgal
Page 38 and 39:
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK REVIEW The fra
Page 40 and 41:
Table ES.1.12 NSUAA Summary of Stat
Page 42 and 43:
above, the researchers offer the fo
Page 44 and 45:
service is preferable, and would he
Page 46 and 47:
practices (BMPs) should be implemen
Page 48 and 49:
infrastructure of the building and
Page 50:
multi-family housing. The transfer
Page 53 and 54:
CHAPTER 1 INTRODU CTION More and mo
Page 55 and 56:
In 1998, 15.0%, or 15.4 million, of
Page 57 and 58:
TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS OF BILL
Page 59 and 60:
submetering. With utility-submeteri
Page 61 and 62:
all the two bedroom units for $20 p
Page 63 and 64:
HOW TO USE THIS REPORT This report
Page 67 and 68:
CHAPTER 2 LITERAT URE REVIEW As the
Page 69 and 70:
A review of the literature unearthe
Page 71 and 72:
The price elasticity of water deman
Page 73 and 74:
expected. Additionally, McClelland
Page 75 and 76:
submetered and five control (in-ren
Page 77 and 78:
Another study might want to target
Page 81 and 82:
CHAPTER 3 RESEARC H METHODS, APPROA
Page 83 and 84:
1. Selection of participating study
Page 85 and 86:
STUDY SITE SELECTION The Study aime
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 3.2 National Multiple Family
Page 89 and 90:
Matched pair protocol/survey - conf
Page 91 and 92:
information given the available bud
Page 93 and 94:
survey. Service companies that prov
Page 95 and 96:
in “business to business” calli
Page 97 and 98:
MATCHED PAIR SAMPLE The purpose of
Page 99 and 100:
The second part of the visit requir
Page 101 and 102:
epresentative of a known population
Page 103 and 104:
51 Table 3.7 Postcard survey statis
Page 105 and 106:
Table 3.8 Comparison of annual wate
Page 107 and 108:
postcard survey. Nevertheless, exam
Page 109 and 110:
confidence interval ranged from 49.
Page 111 and 112:
particular property (e.g., the mont
Page 113 and 114:
State PUC officials - water commiss
Page 115:
10. The PROPID number appearing on
Page 118 and 119:
These costs represent the commodity
Page 120 and 121:
The postcard survey provided inform
Page 122 and 123:
Table 4.4 Average number of units f
Page 124 and 125:
Two-thirds of the properties that r
Page 126 and 127:
Percent of Surveyed Properties with
Page 128 and 129:
$700 Average Rent Per Bedroom ($) $
Page 130 and 131:
Percent of Surveyed Properties with
Page 132 and 133:
Impact properties were also more li
Page 134 and 135:
Table 4.8 Issues considered before
Page 136 and 137:
Percent of Surveyed Impact Properti
Page 138 and 139:
60% Percent of Surveyed Properties
Page 140 and 141:
From the visits, it was found that
Page 142 and 143:
100% Percent of Surveyed Residents
Page 144 and 145:
Roughly similar proportions of resi
Page 146 and 147:
inserts for toilets (21%) or low-fl
Page 148 and 149:
proportion were unsure, 37% from su
Page 150 and 151:
Table 4.18 Ownership and rental rat
Page 152 and 153:
Figure 4.17 Submeter water bill #1
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
wastewater rates are not shown so t
Page 160 and 161:
Figure 4.23 Hot water hybrid water
Page 162 and 163:
RUBS Sample Bills Seven sample RUBS
Page 164 and 165:
wastewater rates are not shown so t
Page 166 and 167:
Figure 4.28 RUBS water bill #4 from
Page 168 and 169:
Figure 4.30 RUBS water bill #6 RUBS
Page 170 and 171:
directly to and then paid by the th
Page 172 and 173:
never subtracting for common area w
Page 174 and 175:
Late Fees At the start of water bil
Page 176 and 177:
124
Page 178 and 179:
intuitively clear, and matches comm
Page 180 and 181:
Indoor water use was normalized on
Page 182 and 183:
Table 5.3 Summarized water use anal
Page 184 and 185:
easonable assumption since there is
Page 186 and 187:
Figure 5.1 shows the frequency dist
Page 188 and 189:
40 Difference in Annual Water Use p
Page 190 and 191:
after 1995. By including only those
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Table 5.11 Statistical tests compar
Page 196 and 197:
Factors that Influence Water Use Th
Page 198 and 199:
Table 5.12 Association of categoric
Page 200 and 201:
Indoor Water Use per Unit in 2001 I
Page 202 and 203:
Table 5.13 Continuous factors from
Page 204 and 205:
Multivariate Models to Determine Im
Page 206 and 207:
properties built before 1995 were c
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
A = Beta coefficient for “Propert
Page 212 and 213:
substantially reduces the sample si
Page 214 and 215:
Table 5.17 Model #2 coefficients an
Page 216 and 217:
0.00 indicating that whatever fit d
Page 218 and 219:
commodity charge for water and wast
Page 220 and 221:
properties having generally lower w
Page 222 and 223:
110 Average Annual Water Use Per Un
Page 224 and 225:
analysis, intended to control best
Page 226 and 227:
Table 5.27 Paired samples test, all
Page 228 and 229:
Table 5.30 Estimated water use befo
Page 230 and 231:
Table 5.33 Comparison of water savi
Page 232 and 233:
180
Page 234 and 235:
sector only reduced usage by 18% (A
Page 236 and 237:
Table 6.1 Avoided costs from submet
Page 238 and 239:
submetered. Complete responses of c
Page 240 and 241:
included in this cost/benefit analy
Page 242 and 243:
Table 6.3 Cost and benefit for owne
Page 244 and 245:
Perceived Concerns In the resident
Page 246 and 247:
With a service fee, residents could
Page 248 and 249:
Table 6.4 Economic return for a res
Page 250 and 251:
ANALYSIS OF PRICE ELASTICITIES Econ
Page 252 and 253:
concluded that if a single elastici
Page 254 and 255:
esults from this analysis point to
Page 256 and 257:
over which they have control than d
Page 258 and 259:
According to the basic consumer cho
Page 260 and 261:
The consumer choice problem can be
Page 262 and 263:
210
Page 264 and 265:
water systems from compliance with
Page 266 and 267:
and methods of practice. NIST publi
Page 268 and 269:
Table 7.1 NSUAA Summary of State Re
Page 270 and 271:
New Surveys of State Agencies and W
Page 272 and 273:
the AWWA WaterStats 1999 database.
Page 274 and 275:
Measures, which dispatches a public
Page 276 and 277:
Mississippi, Missouri, Pennsylvania
Page 278 and 279:
226 Table 7.6 Summary of utility re
Page 280 and 281:
DISCUSSION - KEY EXAMPLES OF STATE
Page 282 and 283: ill. Condominium associations are g
Page 284 and 285: under construction after January 1,
Page 286 and 287: Weights and Measures Regulation In
Page 288 and 289: from the submetering. Meter testing
Page 290 and 291: clean and decent housing or the lac
Page 292 and 293: 240
Page 294 and 295: NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE F
Page 296 and 297: complaints in all 50 states and app
Page 298 and 299: - Meters must demonstrate in testin
Page 300 and 301: - Plumbing systems are space constr
Page 302 and 303: (2) Twisted or kinked flex supply l
Page 304 and 305: 252
Page 306 and 307: Estimated Water Use By Different Bi
Page 308 and 309: there are clear benefits to these s
Page 310 and 311: study site. These values were then
Page 312 and 313: immediately strengthens the owner's
Page 314 and 315: among the nation's key strategies f
Page 316 and 317: all repair and replacement decision
Page 318 and 319: These findings underscore the obser
Page 320 and 321: varies with volume of use) for mult
Page 322 and 323: Recommendation 6 - Efficient plumbi
Page 324 and 325: financially responsible for their o
Page 326 and 327: individual unit, the volume allocat
Page 328 and 329: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARC
Page 330 and 331: Fixed rates - Part of a master mete
Page 334 and 335: 282
Page 336 and 337: Corral, L.R. 1997. Price and Non-Pr
Page 338 and 339: McClelland, L. 1980. Encouraging En
Page 340: Young, C.E., K.R. Kinsley and W.E.
show all

national multiple family submetering and allocation billing program ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?