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884 Drilling and Well Completions Connec ding Rod Section lhruet and Radial Bearing Section Figure 4-202. Downhole positive displacement motor design. (Courtesy Smith International, Inc.)
Downhole Motors 885 stator is made up of ns lodes, which is equal to one lobe more than the rotor. Typical cross-sections of positive displacement motor lobe profiles are shown in Figure 4-203. As drilling fluid is pumped through the cavities in each chamber that lies open between the stator and rotor, the pressure of the flowing fluid causes the rotor to rotate within the stator. There are several chambers in a positive displacement motor because the chambers leak fluid. If the first chamber did not leak when operating, there would be no need for additional chambers. In general, the larger lobe profile number ratios of a positive displacement motor, the higher the torque output and the lower the speed (assuming all other design limitations remain the same). The rotors are eccentric in their rotation at the bottom of the motor section. Thus, the connecting rod section provides a flexible coupling between the rotor and the main drive shaft located in the thrust and radial bearing section. The main drive shaft has the drill bit connected to its bottom end. The thrust and radial-bearing section contains the thrust bearings that transfer the weight-on-bit to the outside wall of the positive displacement motor. The radial support bearings, usually located above the thrust bearings, ensure that the main drive shaft rotates about a fixed center. As in most turbine motor designs, the bearings are cooled by the drilling fluid. There are some recent positive displacement motor designs that are now using grease-packed, sealed bearing assemblies. There is usually a smaller upper thrust bearing that allows rotation of the motor while pulling out of the hole. This upper thrust bearing is usually at the upper end of thrust and radial bearing section. There are, of course, variations on the downhole positive displacement motor design, but the basic sections discussed above will be common to all designs. The main advantages of the downhole positive displacement motor are: 1. Soft, medium and hard rock formations can be drilled with a positive displacement motor using nearly any type of rock bit. The positive displacement motor is especially adaptable to drilling with roller rock bits. 2. Rather moderate flow rates and pressures are required to operate the positive displacement motor. Thus, most surface pump systems can be used to operate these downhole motors. 3. Rotary speed of the positive displacement motor is directly proportional to flowrate. Torque is directly proportional to pressure. Thus, normal surface instruments can be used to monitor the operation of the motor downhole. 4. High torques and low speeds are obtainable with certain positive displacement motor designs, particularly, the higher lobe profiles (see Figure 4203). 5. Positive displacement motors can be operated with aerated muds, foam and air mist. 1.2 3.4 5.6 7.8 9,lO Figure 4-203. Typical positive displacement motor lobe profiles. (Courtesy Smith International, Inc.)
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Compressors 485 Vertical V-type W-t
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For a reciprocating piston compress
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Compressors 489 top of the vanes sl
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Compressors 491 portion of the rota
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Compressors 493 Summary of Rotary C
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References 495 Figure 3-83. Multist
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Drilling and Well Completions Frede
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- Drilling and Well Completions DER
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Derricks and Portable Masts 501 Guy
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Derricks and Portable Masts 503 c I
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~~ ~ Nominal Base Square Two I" or
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Derricks and Portable Masts 507 The
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Derricks and Portable Masts 509 c.
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Design Specifications Derricks and
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Derricks and Portable Masts 513 Whe
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Derricks and Portable Masts 515 to
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Derricks and Portable Masts 517 1.
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Derricks and Portable Masts 519 All
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Derricks and Portable Masts 541 and
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Hoisting System 543 75, 562.50 lb,
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600,000 9, Hoisting System 525 bloc
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Hoisting System 527 Power output lo
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Hoisting System 529 Transmission an
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Hoisting System 531 16. Tension mem
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Hoisting System 533 0 too 150 250 3
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Hoisting System 535 where SF, = yie
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Hoisting System 537 Table 4-6 (cont
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\-I-/ 15" 15" \-I?/ Hoisting System
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Hoisting System 541 Figure 4-16. Tr
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Hoisting System 543 loads are unexp
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Hoisting System 545 Wear and crocks
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Hoisting System 547 ,-Wear and crac
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Hoisting System 549 Weor of pins an
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Hoisting System 551 Wear and crocks
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Hoisting System 553 INSPECTION: Hea
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Table 4-9 (continued) Hoisting Syst
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Table 4-9 (continued) Hoisting Syst
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Hoisting System 559 Table 4-10 (con
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Hoisting System 561 0.145 3.68 3,32
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Hoisting System 563 0.230 0.231 0.2
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Hoisting System 565 The purchaser m
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Table 4-14 Classification Wire Rope
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Hoisting System 569 Table 4-18 6x37
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Table 4-23 6x25 “B,” 6x27 “H,
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Hoisting System 573 FIGhE4.44 FIGUR
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Hoisting System 575 (text conlznued
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Table 4-24 Wire Diameter Tolerance
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Hoisting System 579 M Figure 4-66.
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Hoisting System 581 Table 4-28 Requ
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Hoisting System 583 Table 4-30 Typi
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Hoisting System 585 Minimum Design
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y CASE "0" s-3 Drum Hoisting System
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Hoisting System 589 Figure 4-71A sh
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Hoisting System 591 a. The seizing
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Hoisting System 593 This solution i
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~ ~~~ Hoisting System 595 Attachmen
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Hoisting System 597 Vee Side of Der
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Hoisting System 599 spooling condit
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Hoisting System 601 Grooves for san
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Hoisting System 603 WEIGHT OF FLUID
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Hoisting System 605 20 I I I 1 I I
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608 Drilling and Well Completions B
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610 Drilling and Well Completions S
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612 Drilling and Well Completions 4
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614 Drilling and Well Completions n
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616 Drilling and Well Completions W
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618 Drilling and Well Completions S
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620 Drilling and Well Completions F
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622 Drilling and Well Completions -
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626 Drilling and Well Completions 1
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630 Drilling and Well Completions s
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Table 4-38 Mud Pump Performance-Dup
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NAWfACNWR COWIINEWAL EYSCO(DVPLOO T
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Table 4-38 (continued) Q, w 00 5 a
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642 Drilling and Well Completions T
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644 Drilling and Well Completions (
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646 Drilling and Well Completions .
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1."y SZ'Z# 8/1-02 01 ncf, VIE-02 0)
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652 Drilling and Well Completions T
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654 Drilling and Well Completions R
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656 Drilling and Well Completions R
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Drilling Muds and Completion Fluids
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80 Drilling Muds and Completion Flu
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~ ~~ Drilling Muds and Completion F
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~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ Drilling Muds and Com
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Drill String: Composition and Desig
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where DF = W= Wd‘ = %= K, = r, =
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Table 4-81 Premium (Used) Drill Pip
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Table 4-83 Class 3 (Used) Drill Pip
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~ -- --- Drill String: Composition
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6.85 9.50 Table 4-86 Selection Char
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In In t- ." B v1 a" c 0 ." .3 Y 8 2
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~ . Drill String: Composition and D
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Drilling Bits and Downhole Tools 76
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~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~~ Drilling Bi
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The bit hydraulic horsepower HP, is
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Weight on Bit and Rotary Speed for
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~ OPEN Drilling Bits and Downhole T
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DRILLING MUD HYDRAULICS Drilling Mu
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Drilling Mud Hydraulics 83 1 where
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Page 353 and 354: Drilling Mud Hydraulics 837 In the
Page 355 and 356: AP5 = [ 0.729 (2.4)(118.62) (2)(0.7
Page 357 and 358: Air and Gas Drilling 841 Air and Ga
Page 359 and 360: ~ ~ ~ Air and Gas Drilling 843 Air
Page 361 and 362: Air and Gas Drilling 845 The booste
Page 363 and 364: Air and Gas Drilling 847 Drill Pipe
Page 365 and 366: Air and Gas Drilling 849 above the
Page 367 and 368: Air and Gas Drilling 851 [-a Rotati
Page 369 and 370: Air and Gas Drilling 853 drilling,
Page 371 and 372: Air and Gas Drilling 855 Table 4-10
Page 373 and 374: Air and Gas Drilling 857 Knowing th
Page 375 and 376: Air and Gas Drilling 859 From Equat
Page 377 and 378: Air and Gas Drilling 861 log,,p,,,
Page 379 and 380: Downhole Motors 863 In the late 195
Page 381 and 382: Downhole Motors 865 Figure 4-191. D
Page 383 and 384: Downhole Motors 867 Circulation Rat
Page 385 and 386: Downhole Motors 869 Stator t Figure
Page 387 and 388: Table 4-111 Turbine Motor, 6%-in. O
Page 389 and 390: HP, = 217( -) 1421 2842 Downhole Mo
Page 391 and 392: Downhole Motors 875 Similarly, the
Page 393 and 394: Downhole Motors 877 8000 pall = 458
Page 395 and 396: pal, = 3825 psi qal, = 340 gpm Down
Page 397 and 398: p, = 3236 psi Downhole Motors 881 8
Page 399: Downhole Motors 883 Flow Figure 4-2
Page 403 and 404: Downhole Motors 887 operating speed
Page 405 and 406: ~~ ~ ~ Downhole Motors 889 - 9*P,a%
Page 407 and 408: Downhole Motors 891 2800 2400 2200
Page 409 and 410: Downhole Motors 893 OFF BOllOM BEAR
Page 411 and 412: Downhole Motors 895 3000 .- n v) a
Page 413 and 414: Downhole Motors 897 t? v) p,= 1382
Page 415 and 416: Downhole Motors 899 The hydraulic e
Page 417 and 418: MWD and LWD 901 successfully in man
Page 419 and 420: MWD and LWD 903 Naturally for opera
Page 421 and 422: MWD and LWD 905 MAGNETOMETER " \ Y'
Page 423 and 424: MWD and LWD 907 Coils Po Figure 4-2
Page 425 and 426: MWD and LWD 909 continuous componen
Page 427 and 428: MWD and LWD 911 The gravity tool fa
Page 429 and 430: g MWD and LWD 913 A \ DRIVE WINDING
Page 431 and 432: MWD and LWD 915 Figure 4-230. Photo
Page 433 and 434: Table 4-119 Accelerometer Output fo
Page 435 and 436: MWD and LWD 919 Also needed: Vector
Page 437 and 438: MWD and LWD 921 Using the drawing F
Page 439 and 440: MWD and LWD 923 where x = elongatio
Page 441 and 442: MWD and LWD 925 where m is the dece
Page 443 and 444: MWD and LWD 927 - Housing c Sensor
Page 445 and 446: MWD and LWD 929 Pressure Pick-up Fi
Page 447 and 448: MWD and LWD 931 The cone can be rep
Page 449 and 450: MWD and LWD 933 for measuring the d
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MWD and LWD 935 The calculation of
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MWD and LWD 937 The early system wa
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MWD and LWD 939 Retrievable Tools.
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MWD and LWD 941 where P(x) = pressu
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Demonstration, Transmit a range of
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~~~ MWD and LWD 945 2. What is the
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~ 2. S-23-E = 157" Default: 0110111
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MWD and LWD 949 Pressure (psi) 0 20
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MWD and LWD 951 x = distance in ft
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MWD and LWD 953 Solution 1. a. 6,25
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MWD and LWD 955 M - J H Figure 4-25
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MWD and LWD 957 FOIL GRID PATTERN T
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MWD and LWD 959 I I I p *:::!i I I
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MWD and LWD 961 One steel diaphragm
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MWD and LWD 963 Temperature sensor
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MWD and LWD 965 (4-200) where Rgem
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MWD and LWD 967 Gage response to ax
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MWD and LWD 969 (4-203) (4-204) Sol
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MWD and LWD 971 Hydrostatic pressur
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MWD and LWD 973 Figure 4-269. Examp
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MWD and LWD 975 Flgure 4-271. MWD f
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MWD and LWD 977 3. electromagnetic
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MWD and LWD 979 The system is simil
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MWD and LWD 981 Figure 4-276. Compa
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MWD and LWD 983 DUAL INDUCTION-LL3
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