STANDARD HANDBOOK OF PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

956 Drilling and Well Completions 6 ft per 3,000 ft drilled at no deviation to 24 ft per 3,000 ft drilled at 55" of deviation. The reference position is given by the inertial Ferranti platform FINDS [lll]. A large dispersion is noted on the 102 wells surveyed. When the borehole is vertical and a kickoff must be done, a mud motor and bent sub are generally used. To orient the bent sub in the target direction, the gravity toolface is undetermined according to Equation 4-176. Up to about 5" or 6" of deviation the magnetic tool face is used. The magnetic tool face is the angle between the north vertical plane and the plane defined by the borehole (vertical) and the mud motor or lower part of the bent sub if the bent sub is located below the mud motor. After reaching 5" or 6" of inclination the surface computer is switched to the gravity tool face mode. Drilling Parameters The main drilling parameters measured downhole are: weight-on-bit torque bending moment mud pressure mud temperature Strain gages are usually used for the first four measurements. Strain Gages. Strain gages are used to measure the strain or elongation caused by the stress on a material. They are usually made of a thin foil grid laid on a plastic support as shown in Figure 4-259. They are the size of a small postal stamp and are glued to the structure to be stressed. The sensitive axis is along the straight part of the conducting foil. When elongated, this conducting foil increases in resistance. The change in resistance is very low. Two gages are usually used and mounted in a Wheatstone bridge. Two more gages not submitted to the strain are also used to compensate for temperature variation. The change in resistance for one gage is given by F*R.o AR = (4-192) E where AR = resistance change in R F = gage factor R = gage resistance in R E = Young modulus in psi or Pa o = stress in psi or Pa Demonstfation. The gage is a platinum gage with F = 4, R = 50 a. The structure measured is steel with E = 30 x lo6 psi. If the stress is 1000 psi, the resistance change is AR = 0.0067 R For constantan, the gage constants are usually F = 2, R = 100 R. Weightsn-Bit. Weight-on-bit is usually measured with strain gages attached to a sub subjected to axial load. The axial load is composed of three parts:
MWD and LWD 957 FOIL GRID PATTERN TERMINAL WIRE I 0 * fr INSULATING LAYER AND BONDING CEMENT < I NEUTRAL AXIS STRUCTURE UNDER BENDING Figure 4-259. Sketch of principle of glued foil strain gage transducers. 1. weight on bit proper 2. end effect due to the differential internal pressure in the drill collar 3. hydrostatic pressure effects Hydraulic lift must also be taken into account when using diamond bits and PDC bits. The weight-on-bit varies between 0 and 100,000 lb or 0 and 50 tonforce. The end effect is due to the differential pressure between the drill collar internal pressure and the external hydrostatic pressure. This differential pressure acts on the sub internal cross-sectional area. Demonstration. The WOB sub internal diameter is 3.5 in.; the differential pressure is 1,000 psi; the downward force acting to elongate the sub is R F, = -(3.5)* x 1,000 = 9.621 lb 4 The hydrostatic pressure has two effects: an upward force acting on the wall cross-section of the sub, and a downward stress due to the lateral compression of the subwall. Demon8tratioff. The sub has an ID of 3.5 in. and OD of 6 in. The area of the wall is 18.65 in.* For a 10,000-ft well with a 10-lb/gal mud
Page 1 and 2:
Compressors 485 Vertical V-type W-t
Page 3 and 4:
For a reciprocating piston compress
Page 5 and 6:
Compressors 489 top of the vanes sl
Page 7 and 8:
Compressors 491 portion of the rota
Page 9 and 10:
Compressors 493 Summary of Rotary C
Page 11 and 12:
References 495 Figure 3-83. Multist
Page 13 and 14:
Drilling and Well Completions Frede
Page 15 and 16:
- Drilling and Well Completions DER
Page 17 and 18:
Derricks and Portable Masts 501 Guy
Page 19 and 20:
Derricks and Portable Masts 503 c I
Page 21 and 22:
~~ ~ Nominal Base Square Two I" or
Page 23 and 24:
Derricks and Portable Masts 507 The
Page 25 and 26:
Derricks and Portable Masts 509 c.
Page 27 and 28:
Design Specifications Derricks and
Page 29 and 30:
Derricks and Portable Masts 513 Whe
Page 31 and 32:
Derricks and Portable Masts 515 to
Page 33 and 34:
Derricks and Portable Masts 517 1.
Page 35 and 36:
Derricks and Portable Masts 519 All
Page 37 and 38:
Derricks and Portable Masts 541 and
Page 39 and 40:
Hoisting System 543 75, 562.50 lb,
Page 41 and 42:
600,000 9, Hoisting System 525 bloc
Page 43 and 44:
Hoisting System 527 Power output lo
Page 45 and 46:
Hoisting System 529 Transmission an
Page 47 and 48:
Hoisting System 531 16. Tension mem
Page 49 and 50:
Hoisting System 533 0 too 150 250 3
Page 51 and 52:
Hoisting System 535 where SF, = yie
Page 53 and 54:
Hoisting System 537 Table 4-6 (cont
Page 55 and 56:
\-I-/ 15" 15" \-I?/ Hoisting System
Page 57 and 58:
Hoisting System 541 Figure 4-16. Tr
Page 59 and 60:
Hoisting System 543 loads are unexp
Page 61 and 62:
Hoisting System 545 Wear and crocks
Page 63 and 64:
Hoisting System 547 ,-Wear and crac
Page 65 and 66:
Hoisting System 549 Weor of pins an
Page 67 and 68:
Hoisting System 551 Wear and crocks
Page 69 and 70:
Hoisting System 553 INSPECTION: Hea
Page 71 and 72:
Table 4-9 (continued) Hoisting Syst
Page 73 and 74:
Table 4-9 (continued) Hoisting Syst
Page 75 and 76:
Hoisting System 559 Table 4-10 (con
Page 77 and 78:
Hoisting System 561 0.145 3.68 3,32
Page 79 and 80:
Hoisting System 563 0.230 0.231 0.2
Page 81 and 82:
Hoisting System 565 The purchaser m
Page 83 and 84:
Table 4-14 Classification Wire Rope
Page 85 and 86:
Hoisting System 569 Table 4-18 6x37
Page 87 and 88:
Table 4-23 6x25 “B,” 6x27 “H,
Page 89 and 90:
Hoisting System 573 FIGhE4.44 FIGUR
Page 91 and 92:
Hoisting System 575 (text conlznued
Page 93 and 94:
Table 4-24 Wire Diameter Tolerance
Page 95 and 96:
Hoisting System 579 M Figure 4-66.
Page 97 and 98:
Hoisting System 581 Table 4-28 Requ
Page 99 and 100:
Hoisting System 583 Table 4-30 Typi
Page 101 and 102:
Hoisting System 585 Minimum Design
Page 103 and 104:
y CASE "0" s-3 Drum Hoisting System
Page 105 and 106:
Hoisting System 589 Figure 4-71A sh
Page 107 and 108:
Hoisting System 591 a. The seizing
Page 109 and 110:
Hoisting System 593 This solution i
Page 111 and 112:
~ ~~~ Hoisting System 595 Attachmen
Page 113 and 114:
Hoisting System 597 Vee Side of Der
Page 115 and 116:
Hoisting System 599 spooling condit
Page 117 and 118:
Hoisting System 601 Grooves for san
Page 119 and 120:
Hoisting System 603 WEIGHT OF FLUID
Page 121 and 122:
Hoisting System 605 20 I I I 1 I I
Page 124 and 125:
608 Drilling and Well Completions B
Page 126 and 127:
610 Drilling and Well Completions S
Page 128 and 129:
612 Drilling and Well Completions 4
Page 130 and 131:
614 Drilling and Well Completions n
Page 132 and 133:
616 Drilling and Well Completions W
Page 134 and 135:
618 Drilling and Well Completions S
Page 136 and 137:
620 Drilling and Well Completions F
Page 138 and 139:
622 Drilling and Well Completions -
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
626 Drilling and Well Completions 1
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
630 Drilling and Well Completions s
Page 148 and 149:
Table 4-38 Mud Pump Performance-Dup
Page 150:
NAWfACNWR COWIINEWAL EYSCO(DVPLOO T
Page 154 and 155:
Table 4-38 (continued) Q, w 00 5 a
Page 158 and 159:
642 Drilling and Well Completions T
Page 160 and 161:
644 Drilling and Well Completions (
Page 162 and 163:
646 Drilling and Well Completions .
Page 164 and 165:
1."y SZ'Z# 8/1-02 01 ncf, VIE-02 0)
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
652 Drilling and Well Completions T
Page 170 and 171:
654 Drilling and Well Completions R
Page 172 and 173:
656 Drilling and Well Completions R
Page 174:
Page 177 and 178:
Drilling Muds and Completion Fluids
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
80 Drilling Muds and Completion Flu
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
~ ~~ Drilling Muds and Completion F
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ Drilling Muds and Com
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Drill String: Composition and Desig
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
where DF = W= Wd‘ = %= K, = r, =
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Table 4-81 Premium (Used) Drill Pip
Page 259 and 260:
Table 4-83 Class 3 (Used) Drill Pip
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
~ -- --- Drill String: Composition
Page 269 and 270:
6.85 9.50 Table 4-86 Selection Char
Page 271 and 272:
In In t- ." B v1 a" c 0 ." .3 Y 8 2
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
~ . Drill String: Composition and D
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Drilling Bits and Downhole Tools 76
Page 287 and 288:
~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~~ Drilling Bi
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
The bit hydraulic horsepower HP, is
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Weight on Bit and Rotary Speed for
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
~ OPEN Drilling Bits and Downhole T
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
DRILLING MUD HYDRAULICS Drilling Mu
Page 347 and 348:
Drilling Mud Hydraulics 83 1 where
Page 349 and 350:
Drilling Mud Hydraulics 833 The ave
Page 351 and 352:
Drilling Mud Hydraulics 835 words,
Page 353 and 354:
Drilling Mud Hydraulics 837 In the
Page 355 and 356:
AP5 = [ 0.729 (2.4)(118.62) (2)(0.7
Page 357 and 358:
Air and Gas Drilling 841 Air and Ga
Page 359 and 360:
~ ~ ~ Air and Gas Drilling 843 Air
Page 361 and 362:
Air and Gas Drilling 845 The booste
Page 363 and 364:
Air and Gas Drilling 847 Drill Pipe
Page 365 and 366:
Air and Gas Drilling 849 above the
Page 367 and 368:
Air and Gas Drilling 851 [-a Rotati
Page 369 and 370:
Air and Gas Drilling 853 drilling,
Page 371 and 372:
Air and Gas Drilling 855 Table 4-10
Page 373 and 374:
Air and Gas Drilling 857 Knowing th
Page 375 and 376:
Air and Gas Drilling 859 From Equat
Page 377 and 378:
Air and Gas Drilling 861 log,,p,,,
Page 379 and 380:
Downhole Motors 863 In the late 195
Page 381 and 382:
Downhole Motors 865 Figure 4-191. D
Page 383 and 384:
Downhole Motors 867 Circulation Rat
Page 385 and 386:
Downhole Motors 869 Stator t Figure
Page 387 and 388:
Table 4-111 Turbine Motor, 6%-in. O
Page 389 and 390:
HP, = 217( -) 1421 2842 Downhole Mo
Page 391 and 392:
Downhole Motors 875 Similarly, the
Page 393 and 394:
Downhole Motors 877 8000 pall = 458
Page 395 and 396:
pal, = 3825 psi qal, = 340 gpm Down
Page 397 and 398:
p, = 3236 psi Downhole Motors 881 8
Page 399 and 400:
Downhole Motors 883 Flow Figure 4-2
Page 401 and 402:
Downhole Motors 885 stator is made
Page 403 and 404:
Downhole Motors 887 operating speed
Page 405 and 406:
~~ ~ ~ Downhole Motors 889 - 9*P,a%
Page 407 and 408:
Downhole Motors 891 2800 2400 2200
Page 409 and 410:
Downhole Motors 893 OFF BOllOM BEAR
Page 411 and 412:
Downhole Motors 895 3000 .- n v) a
Page 413 and 414:
Downhole Motors 897 t? v) p,= 1382
Page 415 and 416:
Downhole Motors 899 The hydraulic e
Page 417 and 418:
MWD and LWD 901 successfully in man
Page 419 and 420:
MWD and LWD 903 Naturally for opera
Page 421 and 422: MWD and LWD 905 MAGNETOMETER " \ Y'
Page 423 and 424: MWD and LWD 907 Coils Po Figure 4-2
Page 425 and 426: MWD and LWD 909 continuous componen
Page 427 and 428: MWD and LWD 911 The gravity tool fa
Page 429 and 430: g MWD and LWD 913 A \ DRIVE WINDING
Page 431 and 432: MWD and LWD 915 Figure 4-230. Photo
Page 433 and 434: Table 4-119 Accelerometer Output fo
Page 435 and 436: MWD and LWD 919 Also needed: Vector
Page 437 and 438: MWD and LWD 921 Using the drawing F
Page 439 and 440: MWD and LWD 923 where x = elongatio
Page 441 and 442: MWD and LWD 925 where m is the dece
Page 443 and 444: MWD and LWD 927 - Housing c Sensor
Page 445 and 446: MWD and LWD 929 Pressure Pick-up Fi
Page 447 and 448: MWD and LWD 931 The cone can be rep
Page 449 and 450: MWD and LWD 933 for measuring the d
Page 451 and 452: MWD and LWD 935 The calculation of
Page 453 and 454: MWD and LWD 937 The early system wa
Page 455 and 456: MWD and LWD 939 Retrievable Tools.
Page 457 and 458: MWD and LWD 941 where P(x) = pressu
Page 459 and 460: Demonstration, Transmit a range of
Page 461 and 462: ~~~ MWD and LWD 945 2. What is the
Page 463 and 464: ~ 2. S-23-E = 157" Default: 0110111
Page 465 and 466: MWD and LWD 949 Pressure (psi) 0 20
Page 467 and 468: MWD and LWD 951 x = distance in ft
Page 469 and 470: MWD and LWD 953 Solution 1. a. 6,25
Page 471: MWD and LWD 955 M - J H Figure 4-25
Page 475 and 476: MWD and LWD 959 I I I p *:::!i I I
Page 477 and 478: MWD and LWD 961 One steel diaphragm
Page 479 and 480: MWD and LWD 963 Temperature sensor
Page 481 and 482: MWD and LWD 965 (4-200) where Rgem
Page 483 and 484: MWD and LWD 967 Gage response to ax
Page 485 and 486: MWD and LWD 969 (4-203) (4-204) Sol
Page 487 and 488: MWD and LWD 971 Hydrostatic pressur
Page 489 and 490: MWD and LWD 973 Figure 4-269. Examp
Page 491 and 492: MWD and LWD 975 Flgure 4-271. MWD f
Page 493 and 494: MWD and LWD 977 3. electromagnetic
Page 495 and 496: MWD and LWD 979 The system is simil
Page 497 and 498: MWD and LWD 981 Figure 4-276. Compa
Page 499 and 500: MWD and LWD 983 DUAL INDUCTION-LL3
show all

STANDARD HANDBOOK OF PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?