STANDARD HANDBOOK OF PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS ...

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918 Drilling and Well Completions Z H' KEY Figure 4-232. Schematic view of the sensor arrangement in a steering tool. of two vectors are permanently measured during drilling in the frame of reference of the sonde. They are Vector gravity G, which represents the vertical direction and is defined by the coordinates Gx, CY and GI. Vector magnetic field, which is located in the north vertical plane and is defined by the coordinates Hx, HY and HI.
MWD and LWD 919 Also needed: Vector well direction located along the well (sonde axis) and is defined by the coordinates Zx = 0, Zy = 0 and Zz = 1. Ox is lined up with the mule shoe key and the tool face direction. For the numerical applications, we shall have: Accelerometer scale factor 3 mA/g, Ix = -2 mA, Iy = 1 mA, IT = 2 mA at a given depth, Magnetometer readings: Hx = -0.1077 G, HY = 0.2 G, Hz = 0.45 G at the same depth, Magnitude of the magnetic field: 0.52 G, magnetic field inclination: 30" with respect to the vertical. 1. Compute the borehole deviation. Show that a check of the accelerometer readings is possible if we assume that the G vector module is g. 2. Compute the tool face orientation. In the numerical application above, is the borehole going to turn right, left or go straight if we keep on drilling with this orientation? 3. Show that we can check the magnitude of the magnetic field vector and correct for an axial field due to the drill collars. 4. Compute the dip angle of the magnetic field vector after correction for the drill collar field, it should check with the local magnetic field data. What do you conclude if it does not? 5. Compute the orientation of the borehole with respect to magnetic north without axial field correction. 6. Write an interactive computer program for solving the above questions. Solution 1. i = 48.2"; 3 mA. 2. TF = +26.5"; turning right. 3. Drill collar magnetic field = 0.0178 G; H7 corrected = 0.468 G. 4. h = 30" from vertical. 5. One way of making the calculation is to use the three vectors: G (Gx, G , GI) H (Hx, dy? HJ z (0, 0, 1) (See Figure 4-233 a and b). a. Compute the coordinates of vector A normal to vector G and vector H. Vector A = cross-product of vector G by vector H. b. Compute the coordinates of vector B normal to vector G and vector Z. Vector B = cross-product of vector G by vector Z. c. Compute the angle between vector A and vector B. Being both normal to vector G, they are in the horizontal plane. The angle represents the azimuth. In some configurations 180" must be added. The angle is computed by making the scalar product of vector A by vector B. A B = (AI IBI cos Az = AxBx + AyBy + AzBz Care must be exercised since cos(Az) = cos(-Az). d. Numerical results: Angle between vertical planes, 31.71"; azimuth, 328.29".
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Compressors 485 Vertical V-type W-t
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For a reciprocating piston compress
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Compressors 489 top of the vanes sl
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Compressors 491 portion of the rota
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Compressors 493 Summary of Rotary C
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References 495 Figure 3-83. Multist
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Drilling and Well Completions Frede
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- Drilling and Well Completions DER
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Derricks and Portable Masts 501 Guy
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Derricks and Portable Masts 503 c I
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~~ ~ Nominal Base Square Two I" or
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Derricks and Portable Masts 507 The
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Derricks and Portable Masts 509 c.
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Design Specifications Derricks and
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Derricks and Portable Masts 513 Whe
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Derricks and Portable Masts 515 to
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Derricks and Portable Masts 517 1.
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Derricks and Portable Masts 519 All
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Derricks and Portable Masts 541 and
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Hoisting System 543 75, 562.50 lb,
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600,000 9, Hoisting System 525 bloc
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Hoisting System 527 Power output lo
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Hoisting System 529 Transmission an
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Hoisting System 531 16. Tension mem
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Hoisting System 533 0 too 150 250 3
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Hoisting System 535 where SF, = yie
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Hoisting System 537 Table 4-6 (cont
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\-I-/ 15" 15" \-I?/ Hoisting System
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Hoisting System 541 Figure 4-16. Tr
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Hoisting System 543 loads are unexp
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Hoisting System 545 Wear and crocks
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Hoisting System 547 ,-Wear and crac
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Hoisting System 549 Weor of pins an
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Hoisting System 551 Wear and crocks
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Hoisting System 553 INSPECTION: Hea
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Table 4-9 (continued) Hoisting Syst
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Table 4-9 (continued) Hoisting Syst
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Hoisting System 559 Table 4-10 (con
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Hoisting System 561 0.145 3.68 3,32
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Hoisting System 563 0.230 0.231 0.2
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Hoisting System 565 The purchaser m
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Table 4-14 Classification Wire Rope
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Hoisting System 569 Table 4-18 6x37
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Table 4-23 6x25 “B,” 6x27 “H,
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Hoisting System 573 FIGhE4.44 FIGUR
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Hoisting System 575 (text conlznued
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Table 4-24 Wire Diameter Tolerance
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Hoisting System 579 M Figure 4-66.
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Hoisting System 581 Table 4-28 Requ
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Hoisting System 583 Table 4-30 Typi
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Hoisting System 585 Minimum Design
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y CASE "0" s-3 Drum Hoisting System
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Hoisting System 589 Figure 4-71A sh
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Hoisting System 591 a. The seizing
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Hoisting System 593 This solution i
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~ ~~~ Hoisting System 595 Attachmen
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Hoisting System 597 Vee Side of Der
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Hoisting System 599 spooling condit
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Hoisting System 601 Grooves for san
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Hoisting System 603 WEIGHT OF FLUID
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Hoisting System 605 20 I I I 1 I I
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608 Drilling and Well Completions B
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610 Drilling and Well Completions S
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612 Drilling and Well Completions 4
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614 Drilling and Well Completions n
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616 Drilling and Well Completions W
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618 Drilling and Well Completions S
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620 Drilling and Well Completions F
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622 Drilling and Well Completions -
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626 Drilling and Well Completions 1
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630 Drilling and Well Completions s
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Table 4-38 Mud Pump Performance-Dup
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NAWfACNWR COWIINEWAL EYSCO(DVPLOO T
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Table 4-38 (continued) Q, w 00 5 a
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642 Drilling and Well Completions T
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644 Drilling and Well Completions (
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646 Drilling and Well Completions .
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1."y SZ'Z# 8/1-02 01 ncf, VIE-02 0)
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652 Drilling and Well Completions T
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654 Drilling and Well Completions R
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656 Drilling and Well Completions R
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Drilling Muds and Completion Fluids
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80 Drilling Muds and Completion Flu
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~ ~~ Drilling Muds and Completion F
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~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ Drilling Muds and Com
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Drill String: Composition and Desig
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where DF = W= Wd‘ = %= K, = r, =
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Table 4-81 Premium (Used) Drill Pip
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Table 4-83 Class 3 (Used) Drill Pip
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~ -- --- Drill String: Composition
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6.85 9.50 Table 4-86 Selection Char
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In In t- ." B v1 a" c 0 ." .3 Y 8 2
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~ . Drill String: Composition and D
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Drilling Bits and Downhole Tools 76
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~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~~ Drilling Bi
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The bit hydraulic horsepower HP, is
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Weight on Bit and Rotary Speed for
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~ OPEN Drilling Bits and Downhole T
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DRILLING MUD HYDRAULICS Drilling Mu
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Drilling Mud Hydraulics 83 1 where
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Drilling Mud Hydraulics 833 The ave
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Drilling Mud Hydraulics 835 words,
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Drilling Mud Hydraulics 837 In the
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AP5 = [ 0.729 (2.4)(118.62) (2)(0.7
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Air and Gas Drilling 841 Air and Ga
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~ ~ ~ Air and Gas Drilling 843 Air
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Air and Gas Drilling 845 The booste
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Air and Gas Drilling 847 Drill Pipe
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Air and Gas Drilling 849 above the
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Air and Gas Drilling 851 [-a Rotati
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Air and Gas Drilling 853 drilling,
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Air and Gas Drilling 855 Table 4-10
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Air and Gas Drilling 857 Knowing th
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Air and Gas Drilling 859 From Equat
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Air and Gas Drilling 861 log,,p,,,
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Downhole Motors 863 In the late 195
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Downhole Motors 865 Figure 4-191. D
Page 383 and 384: Downhole Motors 867 Circulation Rat
Page 385 and 386: Downhole Motors 869 Stator t Figure
Page 387 and 388: Table 4-111 Turbine Motor, 6%-in. O
Page 389 and 390: HP, = 217( -) 1421 2842 Downhole Mo
Page 391 and 392: Downhole Motors 875 Similarly, the
Page 393 and 394: Downhole Motors 877 8000 pall = 458
Page 395 and 396: pal, = 3825 psi qal, = 340 gpm Down
Page 397 and 398: p, = 3236 psi Downhole Motors 881 8
Page 399 and 400: Downhole Motors 883 Flow Figure 4-2
Page 401 and 402: Downhole Motors 885 stator is made
Page 403 and 404: Downhole Motors 887 operating speed
Page 405 and 406: ~~ ~ ~ Downhole Motors 889 - 9*P,a%
Page 407 and 408: Downhole Motors 891 2800 2400 2200
Page 409 and 410: Downhole Motors 893 OFF BOllOM BEAR
Page 411 and 412: Downhole Motors 895 3000 .- n v) a
Page 413 and 414: Downhole Motors 897 t? v) p,= 1382
Page 415 and 416: Downhole Motors 899 The hydraulic e
Page 417 and 418: MWD and LWD 901 successfully in man
Page 419 and 420: MWD and LWD 903 Naturally for opera
Page 421 and 422: MWD and LWD 905 MAGNETOMETER " \ Y'
Page 423 and 424: MWD and LWD 907 Coils Po Figure 4-2
Page 425 and 426: MWD and LWD 909 continuous componen
Page 427 and 428: MWD and LWD 911 The gravity tool fa
Page 429 and 430: g MWD and LWD 913 A \ DRIVE WINDING
Page 431 and 432: MWD and LWD 915 Figure 4-230. Photo
Page 433: Table 4-119 Accelerometer Output fo
Page 437 and 438: MWD and LWD 921 Using the drawing F
Page 439 and 440: MWD and LWD 923 where x = elongatio
Page 441 and 442: MWD and LWD 925 where m is the dece
Page 443 and 444: MWD and LWD 927 - Housing c Sensor
Page 445 and 446: MWD and LWD 929 Pressure Pick-up Fi
Page 447 and 448: MWD and LWD 931 The cone can be rep
Page 449 and 450: MWD and LWD 933 for measuring the d
Page 451 and 452: MWD and LWD 935 The calculation of
Page 453 and 454: MWD and LWD 937 The early system wa
Page 455 and 456: MWD and LWD 939 Retrievable Tools.
Page 457 and 458: MWD and LWD 941 where P(x) = pressu
Page 459 and 460: Demonstration, Transmit a range of
Page 461 and 462: ~~~ MWD and LWD 945 2. What is the
Page 463 and 464: ~ 2. S-23-E = 157" Default: 0110111
Page 465 and 466: MWD and LWD 949 Pressure (psi) 0 20
Page 467 and 468: MWD and LWD 951 x = distance in ft
Page 469 and 470: MWD and LWD 953 Solution 1. a. 6,25
Page 471 and 472: MWD and LWD 955 M - J H Figure 4-25
Page 473 and 474: MWD and LWD 957 FOIL GRID PATTERN T
Page 475 and 476: MWD and LWD 959 I I I p *:::!i I I
Page 477 and 478: MWD and LWD 961 One steel diaphragm
Page 479 and 480: MWD and LWD 963 Temperature sensor
Page 481 and 482: MWD and LWD 965 (4-200) where Rgem
Page 483 and 484: MWD and LWD 967 Gage response to ax
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MWD and LWD 969 (4-203) (4-204) Sol
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MWD and LWD 971 Hydrostatic pressur
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MWD and LWD 973 Figure 4-269. Examp
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MWD and LWD 975 Flgure 4-271. MWD f
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MWD and LWD 977 3. electromagnetic
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MWD and LWD 979 The system is simil
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MWD and LWD 981 Figure 4-276. Compa
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MWD and LWD 983 DUAL INDUCTION-LL3
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