Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation

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(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) 2010 show higher risk of dry root rot in chickpea varieties that are resistant to Fusarium wilt in years when temperature exceed 33 0 C (Pande et al. 2010; Sharma 2010 et al.).This is consistent with green house experiments where different soil moisture levels and temperatures manipulated, showing that R. bataticolainfected chickpea plants caused dry root rot faster at 35 0 C with soil moisture level less than or equal to 60% (Sharma et al 2010).By contrast, cooler temperatures and wetter conditions are associated with increased incidence of stem rot (Sclerotiniasclerotiorum) on soybean (Workneh et al.2000), blights in chickpea (Pande et al.2005), and anthracnose (Colletotrichumspp.) in stylosanthes(Pengga et al.2004). Recently, studies indicated that the epidemic of Phytophthora blight of pigeonpea (P.drechslerif.sp.cajani) in India over the last decade can be attributed to high intermittent rainfall(>300 mm), within a week during the crop season (Pande et al.2010; Sharma et al.2006). GAP in Knowledge It is critical that there should be a progress toward pro-poor, environmentally neutral, host plant resistances, as well as toward drought tolerance in crops especially grown in dry land tropics such as chickpea, beans, and cowpea etc. combined with systems-adapted integrated disease management technologies. In this context and because of the close interaction between global change and climate change, far too little research has addressed the effects of the latter on crop health. Global change may affect crop health in quite different ways depending on the type of disease considered. Though there have been so many new methods available for plant pathologists to analyze data. However, the availability of ground truth data on crop health is a serious issue; the collection of system-based, holistic data remains a keystone towards progress to understand and manage constantly evolving pathosystems. There is a need to create facilities, device methodologies, and develop collaborative research activities to understand the impact of climate change variables on crop health and plant diseases. Several available tools and methodologies such as simulating modeling, geographic information systems, mapping, technology targeting for efficiently implementing disease management tools as global change and climate change unfold. Actual measurement of disease in the field, their proper recording and processing is required for effective disease management as it depends on these combinations of resources, methods, and disciplines. The topic of climate change and plant diseases has not yet sparked widespread interest among plant pathologists. This may be partly because of the well understood genetic basis of host-pathogen-specificity, where many of the crop disease management options are based on host plant resistance. However, realistic assessments of climate change impacts on host-pathogen interactions are still scarce and there are only handfuls of FACE studies. Despite being interesting from a pathogen life-cycle point of view, realistic effects of high CO 2 need to be considered in the context of rising temperatures and other changes projected under changing climate. New FACE - 95 -
(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) facility fostering multidisciplinary research on climate change in pest and diseases in crop cropping systems should be a priority in India. REFERENCES • Ainsworth EA, Long SP, 2005. What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO 2 . New Phytologist165, 351–72. • Anonymous, 2008a.Food Matters Towards a Strategy for the 21st Century. http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/cabinetoffice/strategy/assets/food/food_ma tters_es.pdf • Atkinson D (1993) ‘Global climate change, its implication for crop protection.’ (British Crop Protection Council Monograph No 56. BCPC, Surrey, UK) • Baker, R.H.A., Sansford, C.E., Jarvis, C.H., Cannon, R. J.C., MacLeod, A., & Walters, K.F.A (2000). The role of climatic mapping in predicting the potential geographical distribution of non-indigenous pests under current and future climates.Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 82, 57-71. Doi: 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00216-4. • Bradley, B. A., Blumenthal, D. M., Early, R., Grosholz, E. D., Lawler, J. J., Miller, L. P., et al. (2012). Global change, global trade, and the next wave of plant invasions.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, (in press).Doi:10.1890/110145 • Cerri, C. E. P., Sparovek, G., Bernous, M., Easterling, W. E., Melilo, J. M., &Cerri C. C. (2007). Tropical agriculture and global warming: impacts and mitigation options. Scientia Agricola, 64, 83-99. • Chakraborty S, Newton AC (2011) Climate change, plant diseases and food security: anoverview Plant Pathology60, 2–14 • Chakraborty S, Tiedemann AV, Teng PS (2000b) Climate change: potential impact on plant diseases. Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987) 108, 317-326. Doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00210-9 • Chakraborty, S., Luck, J., Hollaway, G., Freeman, A., Norton, R., Garrett, K. A., et al (2008). Impacts of global change on diseases of agricultural crops and forest trees. CAB Reviews,3, 054. Doi:10.1079/PAVSNNR20083054. • Coakley SM (1995) Biospheric change: will it matter in plant pathology Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology17, 147-153 • Coakley SM, Scherm H (1996) Plant disease in a changing global environment. Aspects of Applied Biology45, 227-237. • Coakley SM, Scherm H, Chakraborty S (1999) Climate change and plant disease management.Annual Review of Phytopathology37, 399-426. Doi: 10.1146/ annurev.phyto.37.1.399 • Fabre, B., Piou, D., Desprez-Loustau, M.-L., &Marcais, B. (2011) Can the emergence of pine Diplodia shoot blight in France be explained by changes in pathogen pressure linked to climate change Global Change Biology, 17, 3218-3227. Doi: 10.1111/j. 1365-2486.2011.02428.x. • Garrett, K. A., Forbes, G. A., Sarvary, S., Skelsey, P., Sparks, A.H., Valdivia, C., et al. (2011). Complexity in climate change impacts: an analytical framework for effects mediated by plant disease. Plant Pathology, 60, 15-30. Doi: 101111/j.1365- 3059.2010.02409. • Garrett, K. A., Nita, M., De Wolf, E. D., Gomez, L., & Sparks, A. H., (2009). Plant pathogens as indicators of climate change. In T. Letcher (Ed.,), Climate change: observed impacts on planet Earth (pp. 425-437).Dordrecht: Elsevier. • Gregory PJ, Johnson SN, Newton AC, Ingram JSI, 2009.Integrating pests and pathogens into the climate change ⁄ food security debate.Journal of Experimental Botany60, 2827-38 • Grulke, N. E. (2011). The nexus of host and pathogen phenology: understanding the disease triangle with climate change, New Phytologist, 189, 8-11. Doi:10.111/j.1469- - 96 -
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CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACULTY TRAINING
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CONTENTS Sl. No. Title Speaker Page
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REMARKS by Dr. K.S. Dubey Director
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and extension literature that have
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discussions. No doubt the course is
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Introduction (Diseases and Manageme
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4. High value off season vegetable
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ANNEXURE-I CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACUL
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9. Dr. (Mrs.) T.K.S. Latha Assistan
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TRAINING ON ANNEXURE-III DISEASES A
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ANNEXURE-IV CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACU
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14:30-17:00 hrs Visit to VRC for pr
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Sunday 23.9.2012 Monday 24.9.2012 1
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