Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation

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(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) Production and Management of Chrysanthemum under Greenhouse India-Flower Power on its Way Ajit Kapoor Department of Horticulture, G.B.P.U.A&T., Pantnagar- 263 145 (UK) • The Netherlands and Japan are taking India as serious player in the field of floriculture. • Foreign players are showing increasing interest in investment and technology upgradation. • Domestic consumption is increasing at a whopping rate of 40% per annum. • Major flower growing regions are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. • New potential regions are North East India, Sikkim, Arunchal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. What India does Offer • Varied agroclimatic conditions • Abundant sunlight and water • Availability of skilled and semi-skilled labour • Proximity to West Asia, South East Asia, Far East and Europe. • Insight into international markets gained in the last two decades. • A large and rapidly growing domestic market. • Government support for export oriented production. • Cost-effective technologies for protected cultivation • Upcoming handling facilities at major airports. What India can Offer • Diversified products - Cut flowers: Rose, lilium, tulips, carnation, gladiolus and gerbera. - Novelty flowers: Anthurium, orchids, bird of paradise and heliconia. - Pottted plants, ornamentals and foliage. - Quality planting material like seeds and bulbs. - Value added products like dried flowers, flower arrangements, essential oils, pellets natural pigments and colours. New Developments in the field of Indian Floriculture • Concentrated pockets coming up with common infrastructure and logistics like - Tankflora Park in Tamil Nadu. - Talegaon Floriculture village in Maharastra • Flower auction markets coming up in major cities like Mumbai, Bangalore and Noida. • Perishable handling facilities at Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai, Hydrabad and Thiruvananthapuram. • Market facilitation centre at Aalsmeer. - 205 -
(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) Major Constraints • Lack of air cargo space and high cost of freight. • High cost of imported planting material. • Lack of post-harvest infrastructure facilities and proper logistic support. • Inadequate infrastructure facilities at the export gateways. • Inadequate funding from financial institutions due to lack of knowledge and perceived risks. • Market intelligence not available on regular basis. • Industry fragmented and not vertically organized. Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) is an important flower crop next to rose in importance in the international florists trade. Third position in India after jasmine and rose. It is also known as “Queen of East”. It occupies a place of pride of a commercial flower crop and popular exhibition flower. There is wide variation exhibited by large number of cultivars. In Chrysanthemum Chrysos means golden and anthos means flower. The basic number of the genus is 9 and wide range of ploidy level is found with 2n=36, 45, 47, and 51-57. Importance and Uses: Chrysanthemum is among the most interesting group of ornamental plants in the world and represents perhaps the oldest ornamental flower. It is also the leading commercial flower, important both as cut flower and as potted plant in the international market. Tall and erect varieties are suitable for background planting in borders. The compact & dwarf varieties are used for pot culture. Flower with attractive colors with long stem having long vase life are suitable for cut flower production. Decorative small flowered varieties are useful for loose flower and garland making and hair adornment. The varieties having large flowers are used for exhibition purposes. It is preferred particularly due to the range of shapes and sizes of flowers, brilliance of colours, long lasting flower life, diversity in height and growth habit of the plant, exceptionally hardy nature, relative ease to grow all the year round and versatility of uses. Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium & C. coccineum are cultivated as source of ‘pyrethrum’ (an important insecticide). Origin and History: Native to Northern hemisphere (Europe & Asia). First written mention seems to be in Gyaneswari (1290 AD chapter 15, Shloka 20) by Sant Gyaneswar. This flower was highly respected by Chinese and export was not allowed to other countries. However, the seeds of chrysanthemum reached Japan from China via Korea as early as 386 AD. After reaching Japan, chrysanthemum underwent miraculous transformation and today Japan has the highest number of chrysanthemum cultivars in the world. Hindi name guldaudi meaning ‘flower of Daud’ suggested that it must have been grown during the mughal period in this country. Soil: Well drained, sandy loam with a pH of 6.5-7.0. The EC should be 1.0-1.5 with low levels of NaCl and sulphates. This is shallow rooted crop and very sensitive to waterlogged condition. Very light sandy soils are not recommended owing to their poor water holding properties. Climate: It can be successfully grown up to an altitude of 1200 m MSL. It is a short day plant. Chrysanthemums require long days for good vegetative growth and short days for flowering. - 206 -
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CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACULTY TRAINING
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CONTENTS Sl. No. Title Speaker Page
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REMARKS by Dr. K.S. Dubey Director
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and extension literature that have
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discussions. No doubt the course is
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Loads For Greenhouse: (Diseases and
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Chemical Control Chemical Abamectin
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Water Requirement (lpd/plant) (Dise
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ANNEXURE-I CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACUL
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9. Dr. (Mrs.) T.K.S. Latha Assistan
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TRAINING ON ANNEXURE-III DISEASES A
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ANNEXURE-IV CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACU
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14:30-17:00 hrs Visit to VRC for pr
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Sunday 23.9.2012 Monday 24.9.2012 1
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