Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation

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(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) with respect to crop are made on the sheets for holding seedlings. Roots of the seedlings remain in touch with the circulating nutrient solution nutrient solution. An aerator is also needed for supply of oxygen to roots. 10-12 hour nutrient solution run is sufficient for optimum absorbtion. ii) Wick Technique It doesn’t require any pump. Plant roots get nutrients through wick from the reservoir. iii) Nutrient Film Technique The NFT systems provide a constant film of water and nutrients along the bottom of a channel. In effect, part of the roots grow down in the water/ nutrients and parts of the roots above the water line getting fresh air and oxygen iv) Flood and Drain System It is the most versatile. Each time the water floods from the lower reservoir into the upper growing tray, the roots are bathed in the fresh nutrients. When the nutrient drains back to the reservoir, fresh air is drawn through the root system refreshing oxygen to the roots. v) Aeroponics It is the misting of plant roots in air. It was developed in the last century at the University of Pia in Italy by Dr. Franco Massantini. It has been proven and refined for decades and is used by scientists around the world, including NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Aeroponics uses 65% less water than hydroponics. NASA also concluded that aeroponically grown plants requires ¼ the nutrient input compared to hydroponics. Unlike hydroponically grown plants, aeroponically grown plants will not suffer transplant shock when transplanted to soil, and offers growers the ability to reduce the spread of disease and pathogens. Aeroponics is also widely used in laboratory studies of plant physiology and plant pathology. Aeroponic techniques have been given special attention from NASA since a mist is easier to handle than a liquid in a zero gravity environment. Aeroponics plants • Receive their required daily nutrients • They avoid contact with soil borne pests and fungus • They grow up to 50% faster Medium culture It requires various substrates as sand,gravel,peat,perlite,vermiculite,rockwool.Besides the above techniques for growing plants under hydroponic system an important way of integrating aquaculture and fish culture also exists called as Aquaponics Aquaponics It can best be defined as a combination of aquaculture and hydroponics. In aquaponics the fish and plants are produced in a single integrated system, where the fish waste provides a food - 143 -
(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) source for the plants and the plants provide a natural filter for the water in which the fish live. Potential application of Hydroponics The potential application of hydroponics is the production of fresh produce in nonarable areas of the world. This alliance of hydroponics and military was tested during World War II when soldiers stationed on remote, infertile Pacific islands used hydroponics to grow healthy produce to supplement their rations. Later in the century, hydroponics was integrated into the space program. NASA has incorporated the hydroponic system for the space craft’s in providing fresh vegetables to astronauts. Hydroponics is an attraction for the scientists, analysts, traditional farmers and eager hobbyists. The positive aspects of hydroponics include: The ability to produce higher yields than traditional, soil-based agriculture Allowing food to be grown and consumed in areas of the world that cannot support crops in the soil Eliminating the need for massive pesticide use (considering most pests live in the soil), effectively making our air, water, soil, and food cleaner Ending hunger and making the world cleaner In addition to the extensive research that is going on, everyday people from all over the world have been building (or purchasing) their own hydroponic systems to for getting fresh food under protective and sustainable agriculture. Disadvantages of hydroponics • Hydroponic production is management, capital and labour intensive. • A high level of expertise is required. • Daily attention is necessary. • Specially formulated, soluble nutrients must always be used. Plant diseases and their management in hydroponics In hydroponics the plants are genetically identical and uniformly susceptible .The dense planting can favour movement of pathogens from infected to healthy plants. The physical environment, temperature and humidity favour the pathogens. In closed system, where the water circulates the zoosporic pathogens can easily spread from one plant to other. The zoosporic pathogens produce a flagellated asexual swimming spore that can readily move in water and infects the roots. The most common species in the genera are • Phytopthora • Pythium • Olpidium (can also act as a vector of viruses as lettuce big vein) Zoosporic pathogens can cause • Root rots • Seedling rots - 144 -
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CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACULTY TRAINING
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CONTENTS Sl. No. Title Speaker Page
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REMARKS by Dr. K.S. Dubey Director
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and extension literature that have
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discussions. No doubt the course is
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Introduction (Diseases and Manageme
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Loads For Greenhouse: (Diseases and
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Chemical Control Chemical Abamectin
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4. High value off season vegetable
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ANNEXURE-I CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACUL
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9. Dr. (Mrs.) T.K.S. Latha Assistan
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TRAINING ON ANNEXURE-III DISEASES A
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ANNEXURE-IV CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACU
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14:30-17:00 hrs Visit to VRC for pr
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Sunday 23.9.2012 Monday 24.9.2012 1
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