Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation

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(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) Progeny Trees/Mother Plants The bud sticks/graft wood should always be taken from healthy and true to type progeny trees of commercial/new varieties, which are free from viruses, disease and pest occurrence. A nurseryman should have progeny trees of all the promising cultivars of fruits that can be grown in that particular area. Mother Plant Selection and Maintenance Mother plant is the most important factor of plant nursery. Mother plants provide bud sticks and scions for budding and grafting operations. Criteria for Selection of Mother Plants 1. Mother plants should be vigorous, healthy and high yielding. It should have a regular bearing habit. 2. It should be free from pests, diseases and viruses. 3. The mother plants must necessarily be genetically pure and superior in quality. They must be obtained from Registered Farms, Agriculture Universities or Government Nurseries. 4. The purchase receipt of mother plant should be preserved to prove the origin and authenticity of the mother plants. 5. Mother plants should be selected corresponding to the regional demand of the nursery plants. 6. Ornamental mother plants are planted under protected conditions either under shade net or semi-shade conditions. Planting of Mother Plants Proper selection is very necessary for mother plants. By considering its quantitative and qualitative characters, mother plants are selected and planted in nursery. They are planted according to the recommended planting distance. Care should be taken that the mother plants attain optimum vegetative growth. Mother plant plantation must be well classified according to the types and varieties. Maintenance of Mother Plant Mother plants are very important constituent of a nursery. The success of any nursery depends greatly on the health and vigor of its mother plants. It is therefore necessary to obtain genetically sound mother plants to produce healthy and vigorous off springs. Not only is the selection of mother plants necessary but proper care and maintenance of these plants is also essential to obtain vigorous and healthy growth. This can be achieved by taking appropriate care. Mother plants are irrigated regularly. Manures and Fertilizers are given at proper stages. Diseases and pests are controlled by spraying fungicides and insecticides. After care and all operations are carried out so as to get healthy and vigorous bud sticks. First dose of manures and fertilizers is given in June – July. Second dose is given in September – October. Reproductive growth is strictly avoided. Only vegetative growth is permitted and maximum bud sticks are produced. Mother - 213 -
(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) plants are kept healthy by regular testing of the plant material for viruses and other organisms. Register record about parents, pedigree and bearing habit is kept in office. Propagation Structures: Propagation structures are very essential for production of grafts or seedlings. They are useful for multiplication of grafts and seedlings. Hardening of plants is done with the help of propagation structures Plant Propagation Structures Structures that are used for propagating plants by seed, cuttings, and grafting. 1. One structure is designed for temperature and light control where seeds are germinated, cuttings rooted, or tissue cultured plants develop roots and leaves. Greenhouses and Quonset frames are used for this purpose. 2. The other structure is constructed to acclimatize young, tender liner plants. Cold frames low polyethylene tunnels, sun tunnels and shade houses are used for this purpose. Tissue Culture Facilities : A unit that consist of separate preparation, transfer, and growing areas designed to develop and harden tissue cultured plants. Greenhouses: structures that are used for the production of pot plants, foliage plants, bedding plants, and cut flowers. Types: 1. Gable-roof construction (it has more expensive, reinforced support for hanging mist systems, supplementary lightings, or additional tiers of potted plants.) 2. Retractable roof (it has a roof that can be opened during the day and closed at night.) 3. Quonset-type (it is inexpensive propagation house made of bend tubing or PVC frame that is covered with polyethylene.) Hot Frames and Tunnels (they are similar in function as a greenhouse and may consist of a wooden box or frame with a sloping, tight-fitting lip made of window sash. A tunnel is made from hoped metal tubing or bent PVC pipe, which is covered with polyethylene plastic sheets.) Lath house or shade house (same as greenhouses except on tissue culturing). It provides outdoor shade and protects container stock from high summer temperatures and high light intensity. Greenhouse Covering Materials 1. Glass – It is more expensive than plastic coverings, yet for a permanent installation, glass may be more satisfactory than others. Glass is superior to plastic coverings in light transmitting properties and lower relative humidity problems. 2. Flexible covering material – Polyethylene is a low-cost plastic for covering propagation structures. Use 4-6 mils for best results. - 214 -
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CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACULTY TRAINING
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CONTENTS Sl. No. Title Speaker Page
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REMARKS by Dr. K.S. Dubey Director
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and extension literature that have
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discussions. No doubt the course is
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Introduction (Diseases and Manageme
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Loads For Greenhouse: (Diseases and
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Chemical Control Chemical Abamectin
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Water Requirement (lpd/plant) (Dise
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clear (Boulard et al, 1989). (Disea
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Quantity in MT (Diseases and Manage
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ANNEXURE-IV CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACU
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14:30-17:00 hrs Visit to VRC for pr
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Sunday 23.9.2012 Monday 24.9.2012 1
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