Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation

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(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) Autonomous Hill Development Council (LAHDC) and state Govt is providing subsidy of 50 per cent to the farmers for promoting the protected cultivation in Ladakh region. 4.6 Multipurpose Nets Shade nets are used to reduce the adverse effect of scorching sun and heavy rain. Shade houses are becoming popular for growing crops and nursery during summer season. Net houses are used for raising vegetables/fruits/flowers/medicinal plants in high rainfall regions. Roof of the structure is covered with suitable cladding material mostly HDPE, which does not absorbs moisture. Slides are made of wire mesh of different gauges 25-90 percent shade depending upon requirements. Such structures are popular in north-eastern region of the country. Similarly weed nets are made of HDPE and covered on ground to control the weeds by reducing light on the soil. Insect proof nets are effective to reduce the incidence of number of pests and viral dieses in crops. These nets are used like mosquito net around the crops, having 40-50 mesh size. Other similar nets include bird protection nets to control the bird damage of plats/crops, hail protection nets and reflector nets etc. 6.0 Features of an ideal greenhouse Peculiarity of region’s weather i.e very high day-night temperature fluctuations strong winds and high light intensity coupled with UV radiation etc must be kept in mind anddesign should be done as per the needs for the region. Since hilly regions are remotely located and isolated from main land hence all the required materials for greenhouse must be locally available and cheap in cost so that poor farmers can afford the expenditure. The greenhouse must be capable enough to trap the solar energy and produce the crops even at subzero temperatures (Tewari and Dhiman, 1986). It should also be strong enough to resist the snow load, strong cold waves and extremely low temperature. The structure in hills should be also be able to retain the temperature for longer period besides being simple and easily manageable so that even a lay man can built and manage it without any difficulty. All the features may not be accommodated in one type of greenhouse (Singh et. al; 1998 a). 7.0 Selection of Suitable Crops and Production Technology for Greenhouse Selection of crops for production in green house is the most important factor in success. The crop should not only be able to tolerate the low winter temperature but should also grow under the cover where very little and diffused sun light is available. Fast vertical growing and ratoon yielding crops should be prefered so that horizontal and vertical space is fully utilized, more number of cutting/harvesting can be taken. Root crops like radish, beetroot, carrot, turnip can also be grown (Singh et al, 1997).A list of vegetables suitable for winter months, their recommended varieties, sowing time and planting distance is given in Table-5 (Singh, 1995 b). Among all, most important factor is sowing time. Even one day delay in sowing causes significant reduction in yield. Thus crop should be sown before onset of winter which enable the plants to resist low temperature. - 181 -
(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) There are certain other managemental tips required to be adopted for green house cultivation which are listed below :- Use of well rotten FYM @1.5-2.0 Kg per m2 atleast 30 days before sowing improves the growth and yield of crop. Use of chemical fertilizer is generally avoided. However, 10-12 g of DAP per m2 before sowing and 5-7 g perm2 urea enhance the growth of plants. i. Since every bit of soil under cover is highly precious, hence it should be utilized properly. Even ridges of beds and channels should be used for growing of the crops. ii. Water soaking of seeds for 36-48 hours before sowing results faster and higher germination percentage. Soon after sowing light irrigation is benefitial. iii. Frequent light irrigation has been recommended for winter cultivation. It not only enhances the crop growth but also improves low temperature tolerance of the plants. iv. Since greenhouse temperature falls down below zero degree celcius during peak winter months, cold protection measures are essentially required for crops growing under the cover. For this, one additional covering of polyethylene just two fts above the plants (inside greenhouse) has given encourging results. This improves microclimate around the plants and hence crop growth gets increased. This covering is required especially during night in the month of December and January. Depending upon environmental temperature and sunlight, the polyethylene film may be removed during day time. 9.0 Future Thrust Greenhouse technology development has made good progress in India during last two decades and steps necessary for promoting greenhouse cultivation of vegetable crops have been started. Energy efficient greenhouse cultivation continues to be an area of active research and development and this is sought to be achieved through precision equipment and protocols. While the gap between the demand and supply of most horticultural crops remains wide and country plans to double the production of horticultural crops by 2012, the protected cultivation technology holds the key to meet the targets. It clearly emerges that greenhouse technology has multipurpose application for sustainable development of hilly zone. Harsh winter which otherwise threatens the survival of human being in these remote hilly areas, popularization and further improvements in greenhouse management could provide a sign of relief in solitude of white snow cover. Thrust areas for future research are enumerated below :- • Conservation of more thermal radiation in winter. • Durable infrastructure modelling. • Development of successful commercial models • Modernization of poly greenhouse to permit agro-climatic manipulations of higher magnitude. • Identification of new crops / varieties suitable for cultivation inside the greenhouse. - 182 -
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CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACULTY TRAINING
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CONTENTS Sl. No. Title Speaker Page
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REMARKS by Dr. K.S. Dubey Director
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and extension literature that have
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discussions. No doubt the course is
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Introduction (Diseases and Manageme
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Loads For Greenhouse: (Diseases and
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Chemical Control Chemical Abamectin
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Water Requirement (lpd/plant) (Dise
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Quantity in MT (Diseases and Manage
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4. High value off season vegetable
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ANNEXURE-I CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACUL
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9. Dr. (Mrs.) T.K.S. Latha Assistan
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TRAINING ON ANNEXURE-III DISEASES A
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ANNEXURE-IV CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACU
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14:30-17:00 hrs Visit to VRC for pr
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Sunday 23.9.2012 Monday 24.9.2012 1
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