Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation

More documents

Recommendations

Info

(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) 5) Leaf folder: -All the larval stage attack the plant with the help of silky threads, the larve folds the leaves & starts feeding on leaves from inside. Control measures: - i) Spray 0.02% Cypermethrin or 0.02% Decamethrin or 0.05% Quinolophos. At fortnightly interval. Harvesting and Postharvest Handling Harvesting is done in the early morning. Depending upon the varieties plant start yielding flower after 3-4 months of transplanting. For cut flower purpose, stem is cut about 10 cm above the soil to avoid cutting into wooden tissue. The lower 1 / 3 of stem are placed in water to extend the vase life of cut flowers. The best way to protect the flowers is to sleeve the bunch with a transparent plastic sleeve. The correct stages of harvest depend up on the cultivar, marketing and purpose, etc. Grading, Packing and Storage Grading of flowers depends on colour, diameter of flower and on stem length. The mature chrysanthemum blooms can be wrapped in plastic sleeves and stored dry for 6-8 weeks at a temperature of 0.5 0 C. Standards are placed in sleeves and packed in display boxes measuring 91 x 43 x 15 cm. For bulk packing of sprays, 10, 15, or 20 stem are placed in sleeves according to grades. Pot-mums are packed by placing them in paper or polyethylene sleeves & then in cardboard boxes in groups of six. Loose flowers are packed in bamboo baskets or gunny bags for marketing. The capacity of bamboo baskets ranges from 1 to 7 kg while gunny bags can accommodate 30 kg of loose flowers. Yield: The natural blooming seasons for most of the regions lasts from July to February. One can harvest the flowers around 15 times. Conclusion ‣ Protected cultivation is beneficial for quality production of flowers for export. ‣ Lack of locally bred varieties for protected cultivation. ‣ Breeding of specific varieties for protected cultivation should be done. ‣ High cost of protected cultivation. ‣ Application of growth regulators has favourable response to regulate flowering as well as quality as well as quantity of flower production in chrysanthemum. - 211 -
(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) Production of Quality Planting Material under Protected Environment Introduction C.P. Singh Department of Horticulture, G.B.P.U.A.& T., Pantnagar-263 145 (UK) Healthy and good quality planting material is the foundation of successful fruit industry in the country. In view of increasing cost of labor and inputs, farming has become less remunerative. Today, farmer is in search of new alternatives, especially when several incentives under Horticulture Mission and export promotion are provided by the Government. Fruit plants yield much higher than ordinary field crops and are certainly far more remunerative. It is a healthy sign that farmers are now keen to plant more area under orchards. It is now well established that there is a need to increase area under fruit crops, in order to step up production of fruits. In India, more than 4409 fruit nurseries including 1575 under government sector 2834 under private sector, are functioning, which have annual target of producing 1387 million fruit plants. In view of growing importance of fruit crops, the demand for quality planting material has increased manifold throughout the country in the recent past. However, the greatest bottleneck in the expansion of area under fruits is the non-availability of genuine and quality planting material in adequate quantity from reliable government nurseries. More often than not, the farmers have to get the fruit plants from unreliable sources and this practice is causing great harm to the fruit industry of the country. Some of the fruit growers, with adequate means and resources, can easily establish their own fruit nurseries with certification from a recognized government agency. Setting up of a fruit nursery is a long term venture and needs lot of planning and expertise. Mistakes committed initially on any aspect like selection of soil, raising of right kind of cultivars/varieties, plant protection measure, etc., reduce the financial returns greatly form the investment, besides wastage of time and energy. So, careful planning is needed before setting up a nursery. The plan should show allocation of plots/area to different components of the nursery such as mother plants of different fruits/cultivars, rootstocks, roads/paths, water channels, drainage system, buildings/other structures, etc. Provision of certain basic pre-requisites is a must for raising a fruit nursery on modern lines. The vegetative propagation of fruit crops makes them vulnerable to transmission of several diseases and pests through the planting material. Thus, importance of testing of material in the process of its preparation at various stages needs due attention. The targets of the enhancing fruit production in the coming years will be achieved only through production and distribution of healthy, genuine and high quality planting material of commercial/improved varieties of fruit crops in sufficient quantities. The maintenance of purity is easy in vegetatively propagated fruit crops as compared to seed propagated ones, still it requires a close monitoring at different stages in the nursery to avoid mixing with other varieties. Similarly, adequate measures are taken in the preparation of plant material to produce disease and pest free plant material. - 212 -
Page 1 and 2:
CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACULTY TRAINING
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS Sl. No. Title Speaker Page
Page 5 and 6:
REMARKS by Dr. K.S. Dubey Director
Page 7 and 8:
and extension literature that have
Page 9 and 10:
discussions. No doubt the course is
Page 11 and 12:
(Diseases and Management of Crops u
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Introduction (Diseases and Manageme
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Loads For Greenhouse: (Diseases and
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Chemical Control Chemical Abamectin
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Water Requirement (lpd/plant) (Dise
Page 119 and 120:
clear (Boulard et al, 1989). (Disea
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Quantity in MT (Diseases and Manage
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170: (Diseases and Management of Crops u
Page 211 and 212: Risks of biocontrol agents: (Diseas
Page 219: (Diseases and Management of Crops u
Page 257 and 258: 4. High value off season vegetable
Page 267 and 268: ANNEXURE-I CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACUL
Page 269 and 270: 9. Dr. (Mrs.) T.K.S. Latha Assistan
Page 271 and 272:
TRAINING ON ANNEXURE-III DISEASES A
Page 273 and 274:
ANNEXURE-IV CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACU
Page 275 and 276:
14:30-17:00 hrs Visit to VRC for pr
Page 277:
Sunday 23.9.2012 Monday 24.9.2012 1
show all

Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?