Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation
Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation
Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation
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Introduction<br />
(<strong>Diseases</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Management</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Crops</strong> <strong>under</strong> <strong>Protected</strong> <strong>Cultivation</strong>)<br />
Production <strong>and</strong> <strong>Management</strong> <strong>of</strong> Roses <strong>under</strong> Green House<br />
Santosh Kumar<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Horticulture, G.B.P.U.A.& T., Pantnagar-263 145 (UK)<br />
Rose is the Nature’s beautiful creations, known as Queen <strong>of</strong> flowers. It is a leading cut<br />
flower grown commercially all over the world. It ranks first in global cut flower trade. This flower<br />
has a worldwide consumption <strong>of</strong> more than 40 billion. However, its cultivation dem<strong>and</strong>s special<br />
care <strong>and</strong> attention, so that the flower blooms to their maximum potential. Rose is cultivated for cut<br />
flower, oil extraction, rose water <strong>and</strong> flavouring agent, hips <strong>of</strong> some rose species are rich in vitamin<br />
C, petals are used for preparing Gulk<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Pankhuri.<br />
Tremendous progress has been made in raising new varieties by crossbreeding<br />
<strong>and</strong> selection. New types have arisen, the season <strong>of</strong> blooming has been prolonged to such an<br />
extent that many modern varieties bloom intermittently in some instances continuously throughout<br />
the summer <strong>and</strong> autumn months. Previously commercial rose cultivation in India was mainly in<br />
open field conditions. However, with the advent <strong>of</strong> state-<strong>of</strong>-the-art greenhouse cultivation in early<br />
90’s, large scale cultivation <strong>of</strong> export quality cut flower in protected condition started, thereby<br />
totally altering production dynamics. Cut flower trade is world wide dominated by Hybrid Tea<br />
roses.<br />
Classification<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Hybrid Tea: Most popular in modern days bearing large flowers originally developed by<br />
crossing Tea roses <strong>and</strong> Hybrid Perpetuals.<br />
Hybrid Perpetuals: They are the immediate forerunners <strong>of</strong> Hybrid Tea.<br />
Floribunda: They are also known as Hybrid Polyanthas <strong>and</strong> were developed in 1924 from<br />
a cross between Hybrid Tea rose <strong>and</strong> Polyantha.<br />
Gr<strong>and</strong>iflora: Mainly obtained from cross between Hybrid Tea <strong>and</strong> Floribunda types <strong>of</strong><br />
roses. This class <strong>of</strong> rose produces beautifully formed, Hybrid Tea like blooms in clusters.<br />
Polyanthas: They produce enormous clusters <strong>of</strong> small flowers which bloom for several<br />
months.<br />
Climbers <strong>and</strong> Ramblers: Climbers grows upward with the help <strong>of</strong> modified organs.<br />
Ramblers are climbers with large clusters <strong>of</strong> small, single or double flowers.<br />
Miniatures: The miniatures are popular baby roses with small leaves <strong>and</strong> flowers. They<br />
are hardy <strong>and</strong> ideal for growing in pots.<br />
Varieties used for cut flower purpose:<br />
Flower colour<br />
Red<br />
Pink<br />
Variety<br />
Jaguar, Gabrilla, Sasha, Gr<strong>and</strong> Gala, First Red, Dallas, E.G. Hill, Happiness.<br />
Kiss, Europe, Prophyta, Royal, Nobles, Pink, Aristocrat, Better Times.<br />
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