Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation

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(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) • Popkin, R. 1995. Environ. Prot. Agency J., 21: 188–90. • Punja, Z. K., Rose, S. and Yip, R. 2002. International Organisation for Biological and Integrated control of Noxious Animals and Plants (OIBC/OILB), West Palaearctic Regional Section (WPRS/SROP), Dijon, France, 25, pp 93-96. • Ringer, C.E., Millner, P.D., Teerlinck, L.M. and Lyman, B.W. 1997. Compost Sci. Util., 5: 6-14. • Stone, A.G., Vallad, G.E., Cooperband, L.R., Rotenberg, D., Darby, H.M., James, R.V., Stevenson, W.R. and Goodman, R.M. 2003. Plant Dis., 87: 1037-1042. • Tilak, K.V.B.R. and B.S. Reddy, 2006. Curr. Sci., 5: 642–644. • Tuitert, G., Szczech, M. and Bollen, G.J. 1998. Phytopathology, 88: 764-773. • Vallad, E.G., Cooperband, L. and Goodman, R.M. 2003. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 63: 65-77. • van Loon, L.C., Bakker, P.A.H.M. and Pieterse, C.M.J. 1998. Ann. Rev. Phytopathology, 26: 379- 407. • Zhang, W., Han, D.Y., Dick, W.A., Davis, K.R. and Hoitink, H.A.J. 1998. Phytopathology, 88: 50– 455. • Zheljazkov, V.D. and P.R. Warman, 2004. J. Environ. Qual., 33: 542–52. - 173 -
(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) Protected Cultivation Technology-The Developmental and Innovative Perspective Sanjai K Dwivedi Defence Reserch and Development Organization (DRDO), CEPTAM, Metcalfe House, Delhi-110054 Protected cultivation technology tempts one’s mind as it permits enormous modification in microclimate enabling the cultivation of crops in adverse climatic conditions, caring least for the outside environment. Vrikshayurveda, an epic of 11 th century AD by Surapala, states that any plant/tree could be grown anywhere provided king, treasury and destiny are favourable. This is an indication that agricultural experts of that era were aware of the protected cultivation methods. The idea of growing plants in environmentally controlled areas has also existed during Roman times. The Roman emperor Tiberius ate a cucumber-like vegetable daily. The Roman gardeners used artificial methods (similar to the greenhouse system) of growing to have it available for his table every day of the year. Cucumbers were planted in wheeled carts which were put in the sun daily, then taken inside to keep them warm at night. The first modern greenhouses were built in Italy in the thirteenth century to house the exotic plants that explorers brought back from the tropics. They were originally called giardini botanici (botanical gardens). The concept of greenhouses soon spread to the Netherlands and then England. Jules Charles, a French botanist, is often credited with building the first practical modern greenhouse in Leiden, Holland to grow medicinal tropical plants. In the nineteenth Century the largest greenhouses were built. The conservatory at Kew Gardens in England is a prime example of the Victorian greenhouse. In Japan, the first greenhouse was built in 1880 by Samuel Cocking, a British merchant who exported herbs. In the Twentieth Century the geodesic dome was added to the many types of greenhouses (Anon, 2008). In the country like India with its vast and diverse agro-climatic conditions, protected cultivation technology in the last three decades has made good progress and proved as a boon for production of high value, low-volume crops with better productivity and quality. Uses Greenhouses are often used for growing flowers, vegetables, fruits, and other plants. Many vegetables and flowers are grown in greenhouses in late winter and early spring, and then transplanted outside as the weather warms. Started plants are usually available for gardeners in farmers' markets at transplanting time.The closed environment of a greenhouse has its own unique requirements, compared with outdoor production. Pests and diseases, and extremes of heat and humidity, have to be controlled, and irrigation is necessary to provide water. Significant inputs of heat and light may be required, particularly with winter production of warm-weather crops. Special greenhouse varieties of certain crops, like tomatoes, are generally used for commercial production. Greenhouses are increasingly important in the food supply of high latitude countries. One of the largest greenhouse complexes in the world is in Almeria, Spain where Greenhouses cover almost 50,000 acres (200 km 2 ) and where almost 5% of Spain's salad vegetables are grown. - 174 -
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CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACULTY TRAINING
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CONTENTS Sl. No. Title Speaker Page
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REMARKS by Dr. K.S. Dubey Director
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and extension literature that have
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discussions. No doubt the course is
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Introduction (Diseases and Manageme
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Loads For Greenhouse: (Diseases and
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Chemical Control Chemical Abamectin
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Water Requirement (lpd/plant) (Dise
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clear (Boulard et al, 1989). (Disea
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ANNEXURE-I CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACUL
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9. Dr. (Mrs.) T.K.S. Latha Assistan
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TRAINING ON ANNEXURE-III DISEASES A
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ANNEXURE-IV CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACU
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14:30-17:00 hrs Visit to VRC for pr
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Sunday 23.9.2012 Monday 24.9.2012 1
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