Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation

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(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) 0.403lpd/plant for 75% shading condition (Fig 3).The water requirement for summer squash varies from 0.0945lpd/plant to 0.608lpd/plant for open conditions, 0.038lpd/plant to 0.409lpd/plant for 35% shading conditions, 0.0385lpd/plant to 0.397lpd/plant for 50% shading conditions and 0.030pd to 0.302lpd/plant for 75% shading condition (Fig 4) (Rana and Sah, 2010). Fig 1: Water requirement of Capsicum under open field and shadenet Figure 2: Water requirement of Tomato under open field and shadenet - 107 -
Water Requirement (lpd/plant) (Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) Figure 3: Water requirement of Cucumber under open field and shadenet 0.8 0.7 Open 35% 50% 75% 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 Time (Days) Figure 4: Water requirement of Summer Squash under open field and shadenet 4.3 Drip irrigation frequency In conventional irrigation, soil water depletion must be maintained below certain thresholds (available soil water depletion) in order to avoid crop transpiration reductions, that can induce yield decrease. A proper irrigation frequency will avoid excessive depletion. In drip systems, good management will always be based on very high irrigation frequency, even several times each day (Villele, 1984), specially when using saline water, being the water storage role of the soil unimportant relative to conventional irrigation methods. Different plant and soil parameters have been suggested to schedule the irrigation frequency. A wide range of plant based measurements more or less sophisticated (sap flow, stem diameter, water potential, plant temperature...) have been suggested to detect stress, using the plant as a biosensor. The leaf water potential method, reliable when used in conventional irrigation systems, is not practical in drip irrigated vegetable crops. Plant temperature based methods of water stress detection are more accurate in greenhouse than in open field (Stanghellini, 1993) but they must be developed and locally adapted. The crop water stress index, based on the higher temperature of the crop when suffering from water stress, has been suggested as a more reliable method, but it is not easy to use. The spatial variability of soil-water contents in drip-irrigated soils limits the interest of methods based on soil water content measurements ("available soil water depletion"). The soil water matrix potential measurement, in drip irrigated. soils, using tensiometers is a reliable way for monitoring soil water conditions in the wetted zone, in order to fix the irrigation frequency and to confirm the adequacy of the applied water amount. Two tensiometers, at least, should be placed in each observation point, installed at two depths, a few cm away from the emitter, depending on the soil water distribution and rooting patterns. Other methods for monitoring soil water potential, as gypsum blocks, need a good calibration depending on the composition of the soil solution and have not spreaded. Wetting the soil profile with preplanting conventional irrigations (for salt leaching, soil - 108 -
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CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACULTY TRAINING
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CONTENTS Sl. No. Title Speaker Page
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REMARKS by Dr. K.S. Dubey Director
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and extension literature that have
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discussions. No doubt the course is
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ANNEXURE-I CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACUL
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9. Dr. (Mrs.) T.K.S. Latha Assistan
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TRAINING ON ANNEXURE-III DISEASES A
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ANNEXURE-IV CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACU
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14:30-17:00 hrs Visit to VRC for pr
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Sunday 23.9.2012 Monday 24.9.2012 1
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