Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation

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(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) space between the two beds should be 50 cm. The distance between the plants and within the row should be 30x 30 cm. Nutrient Management Gerbera requires plenty of organic matter and ample nutrients for proper growth and production. Application of 10:15:20 g NPK/m 2 /month during first three months of planting starting from third week and 15:10:30 g NPK/m 2 /month from fourth month when flowering starts. Apart from this, spraying of micronutrients like boron, calcium, magnesium and copper @ 0.15 % (1.5 ml) once in a month is recommended to get better quality bloom. Irrigation/ Water Management After planting the crop should be sprinkler irrigated upto four weeks of planting and after that drip irrigation should be practiced. Under polyhouse conditions the sprinkler/ drip irrigation system facilitates higher production of quality cut flowers. The plant has a requirement of 500-700 ml per day. Weed Management Weeds cannot be avoided in the green house as well as fields. They deplete moisture and nourishment from plants. Shortly after cuttings are established, carefully scratch the ground to uproot the weeds when they are small. 2-3 hand weeding is required for proper growth of the plant. First weeding should be done one month after planting. Weedicide can also be applied to control weeds from the field. Common Diseases and their control measure Powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum): The infection causes white powdery coating on the foliage. The plants should be lightly irrigated by drip irrigation system so that they can be protected by excessive humidity. Destroy the affected plants and the leaves. This disease can be controlled by spraying fenarimole (0.5ml /litre) or Dianocab (0.3 ml/litre). Collar rot (Phytophthora cryptogea): The infection occurs just at the soil surface on the collar portion of the stem. In some cases the leaves turn yellow and the entire plant wilt. The disease can be controlled by drenching the soil in the root zone of the plants either with metalaxyl or with contact fungicide such as captan and copper oxychloride @ 0.2 mg/l. Root rot Several fungi namely Phythium, Sclerotium rolfisii and Rhizoctonia solani affect the root system of gerbera. Sterilizing the soil before planting and regular application of fungicide like copper oxychloride @ 0.2 mg/l to soil may help in controlling the disease. Common pests and their control measure Leaf miner This insect makes zig-zag mines inside the leaves which lead to yellowing to browning of the leaves. The infected plants should be destroyed. Spray of Sypermethrin (0.5-0.75 ml/litre) or Dichlovos (0.5-1.8 ml/litre) controls the miner. - 161 -
(Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation) Aphid The small, green coloured insects are present on the new twigs and the flower buds. They suck the sap of the plants and injure them. To control aphids, spray Metasystox (0.1%) and Parathion (0.02%). Mites These are small brown coloured insects which are normally not seen by naked eyes. They are located on the lower surface of the leaves. They suck the sap and brown spots appear on the leaves. In case of higher incidence of mites, web like structure is formed. The incidence is more on hot and dry areas. Mites can be controlled by spray of Indosulphan (2.0 ml/litre) or Dicophol (1.5 ml/litre). Thrips Thrips are brown coloured winged ants like very small insects. They suck the sap of soft twigs, flower buds and leaves which leads to dirty brown spots. Thrips can be controlled by spray of Indosulphan (2.0 ml/litre) or Dicophol (2.0 ml/litre). Harvesting Gerbera starts flowering 8-12 weeks after planting. Harvest 2 to 3 times a week. Stems are pulled not cut and the "heel"(base of the stem) is then removed to allow hydration. Freshly harvested cut gerbera stems can last from 2 to 3 weeks and cultivar differences in vase life can be extreme. Postharvest Management of Gerbera The stem of gerbera is highly prone to bending. The stem showing bending is not accepted well in the trade. The stem should not be less than 40 cm and should be firm and straight. The flower should be uniform in size which should not be less than 7 cm. The flowers of gerbera are packed in flat boxes containing paper insert with holes for individual stems. The support is necessary to prevent the stems from moving. For domestic before packing the individual flowers can be inserted in polyethylene sleeves, to protect them from bruising. Quality Requirements per Batch The following additional requirements apply: • Gerbera must be free of growth defects, including tears during growth and irregularly shaped hearts and flowers. • Gerbera must be free of heels. • The batch must have no limp flowers. The tolerances as shown in Overview 1 in the General Specifications for Cut Flowers apply. • GRADING CRITERIA PER BATCH • Gerbera must be graded according to: • Ripeness. - 162 -
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CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACULTY TRAINING
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CONTENTS Sl. No. Title Speaker Page
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REMARKS by Dr. K.S. Dubey Director
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and extension literature that have
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discussions. No doubt the course is
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Introduction (Diseases and Manageme
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Loads For Greenhouse: (Diseases and
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Chemical Control Chemical Abamectin
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Water Requirement (lpd/plant) (Dise
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4. High value off season vegetable
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ANNEXURE-I CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACUL
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9. Dr. (Mrs.) T.K.S. Latha Assistan
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TRAINING ON ANNEXURE-III DISEASES A
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ANNEXURE-IV CENTRE OF ADVANCED FACU
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14:30-17:00 hrs Visit to VRC for pr
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Sunday 23.9.2012 Monday 24.9.2012 1
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Diseases and Management of Crops under Protected Cultivation

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