#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 ICRAN COUSIN ISLAND MARINE PROTECTED AREA, SEYCHELLES – ICRAN DEMONSTRATION SITE Cousin Island is a small marine reserve, about 4km southwest of Praslin Island, one of the main islands in the Seychelles. A rich coral community with at least 217 species of fish surrounds this Island, and 30 to 100 hawksbill turtles nest there annually, making it one of the most important breeding sites in the Western Indian Ocean. Seven species of breeding seabirds also nest in numbers exceeding 300,000 individuals. The coastal environment, however, is threatened by coastal reclamation, port activities, oil pollution, sewage discharge (new treatment plant in operation in 2001), garbage, marine debris and fish wastes. The island was purchased by Birdlife International and designated a Special Reserve in 1975 under Seychelles national law. The initial purpose was to protect endemic birds, but current management objectives also focuses on the marine environment and an awareness orientated and non-interventionist approach has been taken to protect the biodiversity. These objectives of this approach include: • Protect and maintain the integrity of the island's coastal and littoral habitats, especially the coral reef and its associated flora and fauna and the internationally important breeding population of hawksbill turtles; • Understand and mitigate long-term and external influences; and • Raise and maintain public awareness. Activities on the island have been guided by a series of management plans. Approximately 125 scientific papers, articles and reports have been written on Cousin’s biodiversity to date. Ecological Monitoring: There have been several studies undertaken in the past on the coral and fish composition and attempts have been made to establish regular monitoring sites on the surrounding reefs. Groupers, emperors, and snappers are more abundant and diverse within the reserve than in fished sites. Socio-economic Monitoring: Tourist visitation (6,000 to 8,000 per year) to the island is regulated and managed by island based staff. The economic benefits to the surrounding communities and private sector are based on educational tourism and it is estimated that these activities generate US$600,000 through direct and indirect revenues. Contact: birdlife@seychelles.net Coral reefs are 30% of the natural resources. Ecological Monitoring is occasional. Socio-economic Monitoring is occasional. 96
Status of Coral Reefs in the South West Indian Ocean Island Node ICRAN MAB NOSY ATAFANA MARINE PARK, MADAGASCAR – ICRAN DEMONSTRATION SITE The Nosy Atafana Marine Park is in the province of Toamasina, northeast Madagascar. Marine turtles and dugongs frequent the park and migration of humpback whales occurs just outside of the park’s borders. Overexploitation and coral bleaching are the primary threats to marine resources. The Marine Park is a component of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve of Mananara- Nord and is jointly managed by local communities and ANGAP (National Association for Protected Areas management). The Mananara Biosphere Project aims to develop integrated management based on communication, co-operation, education and training. Objectives of the park management focus on: • Maintaining the quality and quantity of biodiversity; • Conservation and rational management of marine resources; and • Protection of the ecosystem of Nosy Atafana. The overall management goal for the biosphere reserve was to develop the region and improve the quality of life of the coastal communities whilst achieving these objectives. The park is managed by local communities, through a local contract with the managers, and the biosphere reserve is divided into 6 geographical regions for logistical purposes. Each regional sub-committee meets 2-3 times a year to evaluate the programs, activities and management of the reserve. Every sector of the coastal community is represented. Managers of the Marine Park are currently focusing their attention on raising support and awareness in local communities and building the capacity of enforcement officers Ecological Monitoring: UNESCO has accumulated baseline information on the park. Ecological inventories and a management plan 2002-2006 for the Nosy Atafana Marine Reserve has recently been completed. This includes extensive qualitative descriptions and species lists for the coastal marine ecosystems of the national park, and a proposed zoning for the marine reserve. Ecological monitoring and a comprehensive inventory of biodiversity, including stock assessments and studies of exploited resources will be undertaken within the context of ICRAN. Socio-economic Monitoring: To date there has been no socioeconomic monitoring, but it has been identified as an important component in the park action plan that is being developed. Monitoring Effectiveness: There are diverse examples of how the participatory management approach of the Mananara Biosphere Project has been successful in terms of meeting the goals of the Nosy Atafana Marine Park. These will be used in capacity building for other regions of Madagascar. Coral reefs are 40% of the natural resources. Ecological Monitoring is planned. Socio-economic Monitoring is planned. 97
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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12. STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS IN MI
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaii
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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