#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 ICRAN JALUIT ATOLL MARINE CONSERVATION AREA, MARSHALL ISLANDS – ICRAN DEMONSTRATION SITE The atolls of the Marshall Islands run north and south in two parallel chains called Ratak, eastern chain, and Ralik, western chain. Jaluit Atoll lies in the southern end of the Ralik island chain and includes 91 islets with a total land area of only 11.4km 2 . The islets form a ring around a shallow lagoon and 4 deep passes connect the lagoon to the open ocean. Over 250 species of reef fish and 4 species of mangroves inhabit the atoll along with several species of turtles, whales and dolphins. Jaluit Atoll has a resident population of about 2,500 people, primarily on 6 of the 91 islets. Primary subsistence activities, including harvesting of giant clams, trochus, many finfish species, oysters and turtles, are considered unsustainable. In an effort to alleviate these problems, the Jaluit Atoll Conservation Area was established in 1999 under the Marshall Islands Environmental Protection Agency and in partnership with GEF and SPREP. Ecological Monitoring: A survey of Jaluit's marine resources conducted in early 2000 showed that trochus and sea cucumber stocks were low due to unregulated harvesting. To allow their recovery, a ban on harvesting these species was recommended in 2000. For other locally used marine resources, a long-term monitoring system needs to be put in place and seasonal harvesting introduced to prevent overexploitation. Socio-economic Monitoring: No details received. Coral reefs are 80% of the natural resources. Ecological Monitoring is planned. Socio-economic Monitoring is not planned. 236
13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO RUSSELL BRAINARD, ALAN FRIEDLANDER, DAVID GULKO, CYNTHIA HUNTER, RUTH KELTY AND JAMES MARAGOS ABSTRACT Coral reefs in the Hawaiian Archipelago stretch over 2,000km and comprise over 80% of U.S. coral reefs. The Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) are populated, high, volcanic islands with non-structural reef communities and fringing reefs abutting the shore, and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) with mostly uninhabited atolls and banks containing most (65%) of U.S. reefs. There are major differences in anthropogenic impacts: the MHI have extensive urban developments and associated runoff; over-fishing for food and marine ornamentals; invasions by alien species; and accumulation of marine debris. The NWHI coral reefs suffer minor damage from marine debris and the impacts from lobster and bottom fisheries, but concerns exist over current and proposed ecotourism activities and new fisheries. Increased U.S. Federal funding in 2001 and 2002 supported mapping, monitoring, research, and management initiatives. Digital habitat maps were completed for 60% of the MHI and will be available in January 2003. The Hawaii Coral Reef Institute received over US$1 million in 2002 for coral reef research and monitoring to assist in the management of Hawaii’s coral reefs. There have been surveys for the spread and control of invasive algae, assessments of the impact of stepping or anchoring on corals, and monitoring of 237
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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7. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA CORAL R
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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