#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 The Netherlands Antilles Bonaire, Saba and St. Eustatius all have well managed Marine Parks that are protected under island legislation. The Curaçao Marine Park, although established by island decree, still lacks legal protection. A draft island marine ordinance is ready and waiting to be passed by the island council. St. Maarten has no marine park (although one is planned), and there is no monitoring. Park management on all islands has been delegated by the respective island governments to local NGOs. National Park status for protected areas on all islands is regulated by national legislation. Fishery on the Saba Bank is regulated by the National Fishery Ordinance and the Saba Fishery Ordinance. In 2000, the Netherlands Antilles Coral Reef Initiative (NACRI) was established to involve all coral reef stakeholders, both government, non-government, private sector and fishermen in coral reef conservation. NACRI is supported by the central government and aims to provide support for MPAs, to promote public awareness and support for coral reef conservation, and to stimulate monitoring and research. There is active management of the Bonaire Marine Park in the Netherlands Antilles using visitor fees drawn from tourist divers. The same success is not evident in Curaçao because there is a lack of legal protection. Trinidad and Tobago The only reef monitoring is through the Institute of Marine Affairs applying CARICOMP methodology annually on the Buccoo Reef Complex. An NGO, the Buccoo Reef Trust plans to build the Tobago Marine Research Centre as an international institution for research and education on tropical reef ecosystems and sustainable aquaculture. Funding is being sought from many sectors. There are major gaps in capacity and funding for effective ecological and socio-economic monitoring CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CORAL REEF CONSERVATION The following recommendations were made in addition to those outlined in the 2000 report: • To establish one common and transferable coral reef and fish monitoring methodology and implement this at specified sites throughout the region; • To establish a roving team of marine scientists from various Government agencies to establish monitoring sites and conduct the first round of monitoring while training local stakeholders (as proposed by CPACC); • To establish a Reef Check roving team to train stakeholders in methodology and data analysis throughout the Eastern Caribbean; • To ensure that there are follow up visits and training until project monitoring is demonstrably sustainable. It is envisaged that it will be necessary to demonstrate the benefits derived from coral reef monitoring before Governments in the region provide the necessary support. 336
Status of Coral Reefs in the Eastern Caribbean AUTHOR CONTACTS Paul Hoetjes, Department of Environment and Nature Conservation, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, paul@mina.vomil.an; Lum Kong Amoy, R. Juman, Institute of Marine Affairs, Trinidad, alumkong@ima.gov.tt; Andre Miller, Coastal Zone Management Unit, Barbados, wetrootz@yahoo.com; Malden Miller, ICRAN-Caribbean Project Manager, UNEP-CAR/RCU, Kingston, Jamaica, mwm.uneprcuja@cwjamaica.com; Kalli De Meyer, Coral Reef Alliance, Bonaire, kdm@bonairelive.com; Allan Smith, Caribbean Natural Resources Institute, St Lucia, ahsmith@candw.lc SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS Bak RPM, Nieuwland G. (1995). Long-term change in coral communities along depth gradients over leeward reefs in the Netherlands Antilles. Bull.Mar.Sc. 56: 609-619. Siung-Chang A, Lum Kong A. (2001). Possible link between reef-fish mortalities in the southeast Caribbean and South American river discharge (July-October 1999). Bulletin of Marine Science 68: 343-349. Smith AH, Archibald M, Bailey T, Bouchon C, Brathwaite A, Comacho R, George S, Guiste H, Hastings M, James P, Jeffrey-Appleton C, De Meyer K, Miller K, Nurse L, Petrovic C, Phillip P. (2000). Status of Coral Reefs in the Eastern Caribbean: the OECS, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, the Netherlands Antilles and the French Caribbean. In: Wilkinson C. (Ed.), Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000. Australian Institute of Marine Science. P. 315-330. Van Moorsel, G. W. N. M. (1989). Settlement of stony corals (Scleractinia) on artificial substrata on a Caribbean reef. PhD thesis 31-65. FRENCH CARIBBEAN ISLANDS Corals and fishes have been monitored on permanent transects in 7 stations on the coral reefs in Martinique, Guadeloupe and Saint-Barthelemy. Coral cover varies between 22 and 43%, and the density of juvenile corals is 2 to 9 individuals per m 2 . The level of coral disease was alarmingly high in some places with between 9 and 62% of corals showing disease; the amount being related to the degree of human impacts. Brown Algae (Dictyota, Sargassum) are the main coral competitors and algal cover varies between 2.4 and 31%. Fish abundance fluctuates between 187 and 513 individuals per 100m 2 and fish biomass between 261 and 829 kg per hectare. These study sites reflect the coral reef status in the French Caribbean Islands and the problems that affect them. The reefs are stressed by eutrophication and overgrowth by macroalgae, which result in reductions in juvenile coral recruitment and injury to adult coral tissues. The level of stress is more marked closer to cities or bays receiving significant pollution runoff. Coral communities on Saint-Barthelemy have remained in good health as human pressures are less pronounced. From Yolande and Claude Bouchon, Yolande Bouchon, yolande.bouchon@univ-ag.fr 337
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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7. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA CORAL R
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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12. STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS IN MI
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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