#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 reflect an ecosystem approach to management, and ensure that regulations are harmonised throughout the region. • There is a need to designate more and larger no-take marine reserves and develop financial mechanisms to plan and manage these protected areas. • Economic alternatives to fishing need to be developed to reduce effort and eliminate unsustainable fishing practices. Involving fishers in conservation and research efforts is an essential mechanism to reduce effort and increase compliance. Socio-economic Data and Coral Reef Users • Improved understanding and better regulation of and local participation in control of planning of coastal development is required, including current and projected land use of forests, wetlands, coastal areas, shrimp aquaculture, land tenure, tourism and industrial and agricultural activities. • Another specific need is an understanding of water use and the effects on water quality, especially point and non-point sources of contamination, discharge and flow rates and trans-boundary pollution. • Information on tourism is lacking in some countries, thus surveys should focus on the number of tourist rooms, location of diving sites, and cruise operators in the area. • Information is patchy on how local communities interact with coral reefs and the economic benefits from goods and services the reef provides. Specific assessments should include how human are affected culturally and economically by natural disturbances like hurricanes that damage ecosystems. Analyses of short-term losses and long-term gains in the designation of ‘exclusion’ and ‘no-take’ areas are required. • Improved documentation and planning is required on the impacts of the oil industry and pipelines, and shipping and port activities. • There is a need to develop mechanisms for gathering, archiving and transmitting critical data on coral reefs and related ecosystems to all stakeholders, including user communities. This will require the construction of national databases and mechanisms of interpreting these data for general use. • There is a need to assess the vulnerability of communities and governments to global climate change and mechanisms for adaptation. • Investigations are required on how to improve institutional infrastructure and financial sustainability to implement effective conservation and maintain MPAs, such as the Mesoamerican reef fund being developed. • Environmental awareness campaigns are needed to inform communities and the public of the need for and value of conservation of natural resources, especially their coral reefs. • Finally there is a need for frank assessments of the effectiveness, roles, capacity and willingness of governments, training institutes and NGOs to implement natural resource conservation and management and ability to continue into the future. 320
Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoamerica REVIEWER Marea Hatziolos, World Bank, Washington USA. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef Systems Initiative is funded by the Global Environmental Facility, and implemented by the World Bank and executed through the Comisión Centroamericana de Ambiente y Desarrollo. It has official support from Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico. Helpful information has been provided by Oscar Lara (MBRS Initiative Natural Resources Specialist), Demetrio Martínez (MBRS Initiative Sociologist), Nadia Bood (Head, Coral Reef Monitoring Unit for Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute). Ramon Carcamo from the Fisheries Department in Belize provided useful information on national fish catches. Margarita Salazar de Jurado provided valuable information for El Salvador. Melanie Mcfield is supported by the World Wildlife Fund’s Mesoamerican Reef Ecoregional Program. AUTHOR CONTACTS Patricia C. Almada-Villela is the MBRS Project Environmental Monitoring Specialist and leader of the MBRS Regional Synoptic Monitoring Program, which is the Regional Node for the GCRMN, palmadav@mbrs.org.bz; Melanie McField is the Reef Scientist and Senior Program Officer for Belize for WWF’s Mesoamerican Reef Program, mcfield@bt.,net; Philip A. Kramer and Patricia Richards Kramer are at University of Miami/RSMAS.USA, pkramer@rsmas.miami.edu, and kramer_p@bellsouth.net; Ernesto Arias-Gonzalez, CINVESTAV-Univ. Merida, Mexico, earias@mda.cinvestav.mx SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION Belize Fisheries Department 2001. Capture Fisheries Statistical Report 2001. 27 pp. Bood ND 2001. Coral Reef Monitoring Status Report - Belize. Carribbean Planning for Adaptation to Global climate Change: Component 5. Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute. Revised Version. 52 pp. Froese R, Pauly D (Eds). 2002. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, http://www.fishbase.org/search.cfm IUCN 2002. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. World wide Web electronic publication. http://www.redlist.org/search/search-expert.php?kingname=ANIMALIA MBRS 2002. Mesoamerican Barrier Reef Systems Project. Annual Work Plan for the Period: 2002-2003. Belize City, Belize. 26 June 2002. 54 pp. McField M 2002. Mesoamerican Reef Expedition: 2001. World Wildlife Fund. www.worldwildlife.org. World Bank 2001. Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS) Project Appraisal Document. World Bank Latin American and the Caribbean Regional Office (Washington) and the Central American Commission on Environment and Development (El Salvador). 182 pp. 321
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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7. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA CORAL R
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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12. STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS IN MI
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaii
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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