#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 WORLD HERITAGE SITES AND CORAL REEFS The Convention for World Heritage Sites provides for the protection of those cultural and natural properties deemed to be of outstanding universal value. The WHC (full title ‘The Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage’; www.whc.unesco.org) was adopted in 1972, with more than 150 State Parties, and is an important instrument of international cooperation for environmental protection. The Convention is founded on the premise that the world’s great cultural and natural sites constitute a common heritage for all humankind, and their destruction would be an irreparable loss. There are 690 WH sites, of which 529 are cultural sites, 138 are natural sites and 23 are mixed. The WH Committee decides on sites to add and assists State Parties to protect these sites, with advice from the IUCN on natural properties and by the International Council on Monuments and Sites on cultural ones. The major criterion for inclusion on the WH List is ‘outstanding universal value’, with 4 natural criteria to assist in selection. A natural site must: (i) exemplify major stages of the earth’s history; (ii) represent ongoing ecological and biological processes; (iii) be of exceptional natural beauty; or (iv) contain the valued natural habitats, including those of endangered species. Sites must be virtually intact and protected and managed to the required standard. If a WH Site is seriously endangered, it may be entitled to special attention and international assistance. Coastal, marine and small island biodiversity sites are under-represented, e.g. there are less than 10 inscribed for these values amongst 70 which feature biodiversity attributes of the 690 total. The UNESCO World Heritage Centre, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN convened a workshop of experts in February 2002 that recommended the following 37 top priority sites that, if listed, would fill critical gaps to improve the representation of tropical, coastal, marine and small island ecosystems on the World Heritage List. Middle East: • Northeast Red Sea (Saudi Arabia, Egypt) • Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) • Southeast Oman • Southern Red Sea Complex (Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Djibouti, Eritrea) • Southern Gulf (United Arab Emirates) • Hawar Islands (Bahrain) • Jubail Wildlife Sanctuary (Saudi Arabia), • Southern Gulf (Murawah Bu-Tini area) East Africa: • Astove-Cosmoledo, Extension of Aldabra World Heritage Site (Seychelles), • Bazaruto Archipelago (Mozambique) • Rufiji River Delta- Mafia-Songo Songo, (Tanzania), • Maputo Bay – Ponto do Ouro, (Mozambique), • Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma-Quirimbas, (Tanzania, Mozambique), 16
Executive Summary • Europa and Scattered islands (including Bassas de India, Juan de Nova, Glorieuses), • NW Madagascar – Nosy Tanikely, Nosy Be Southeast Asia: • Raja Ampat Region (Indonesia) • Spratlys Island Group (under dispute by 6 South China Sea nations) • Tubbataha-Cagayan Ridge (Philippines) • N. Borneo/ Balabac Strait/ Turtle Island Cluster (Philippines, Malaysia) • Semporna/Tawi-tawi Chain (Malaysia) • Berau Islands (Indonesia) • Banda/Lucipara Cluster (Indonesia) Pacific: • New Caledonia (France) • Milne Bay (Papua New Guinea) • Rock Islands Cluster (Palau) • New Hanover and Manus Cluster (Papua New Guinea) • Marovo Lagoon and Arnavon Islands (Solomon Islands) • Pohnpei-Kosrae Island Cluster (Federated States of Micronesia) • Line Islands Cluster (Kiribati and US) Latin America / Caribbean: • Sea of Cortez – Gulf of California (Mexico) • Mayan Coast Reefs – Sian Ka’an expansion – Banco Chinchorro • Belize Barrier Reef System expansion to watersheds • Revillagigedo and Clipperton Islands (France and Mexico) • Cocos Island Extension: Cocos-Galapagos-Malpelo (Costa Rica, Ecuador and Colombia) • Southern Cuba Coral Archipelago • Southern Caribbean Island Group (The Netherlands and Venezuela) • San Andres Archipelago (Colombia) Phillips A (2002) The World Heritage Convention and its Application to Marine and Coastal Sites. Workshop on World Heritage and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Coastal, Marine and Small Island Ecosystems, February 25 – March 1, 2002 in Hanoi, Vietnam http://international.nos.noaa.gov/heritage/welcome.html ICRI OPERATING UNITS – GCRMN This is the 3 rd global report from the network with clear evidence of progress in obtaining more authoritative reports from many countries. However, the report also contains much anecdotal information and assessments from experts, rather than sound monitoring data. A clear example was for many areas of the world seriously damaged by the 1998 global coral bleaching event, but the GCRMN and Reef Check had few before-bleaching data. Thus there was no way of assessing the true impact of 1998. The event however catalysed 17
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Page 3 and 4: FOREWORD Our two governments have r
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
Page 7 and 8: COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
Page 9 and 10: Countries, States and Territories S
Page 11 and 12: INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
Page 13 and 14: Introduction Some of the larger fou
Page 15 and 16: Introduction Coral reefs are coming
Page 17 and 18: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
Page 19 and 20: Executive Summary This report, howe
Page 21 and 22: Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
Page 23 and 24: Executive Summary There is clear ev
Page 25: Executive Summary Key sites chosen
Page 29 and 30: Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
Page 31 and 32: Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
Page 33 and 34: Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
Page 35 and 36: Executive Summary Prognosis for the
Page 37 and 38: Executive Summary concern is an out
Page 39 and 40: Executive Summary Southern Tropical
Page 41: Executive Summary Achievements in E
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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7. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA CORAL R
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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12. STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS IN MI
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaii
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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18. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN SOUTHE
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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