#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 damage to some reefs are being addressed. Thus the major future threats to the Great Barrier Reef and other areas are considered to be from global climate change with rises in sea surface temperatures and concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide. MONITORING AND GAPS IN REEF MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT There is a lack of trained scientists and technicians able to monitor coral reefs in PNG, and many that have been trained from government departments and academic institutions have either moved to other tasks or recruited by NGOs, mining companies or tourism operators. Thus, similar to most developing countries, there is a need to continually train people in baseline monitoring methods such as the Reef Check and methods recommended by the GCRMN. The University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG) has a program to train students in survey techniques in association with local dive operators. The best potential for a regular monitoring program is through dive tourism and their capacity to visit many reefs areas, with the PNG Divers Association already playing a significant role in monitoring and establishing marine conservation programs. The other major opportunity for monitoring is through the major NGOs working with communities to establish and manage marine protected areas. Probably the most extensive long-term coral reef monitoring in the world has been run by the Australian Institute of Marine Science’s Long-term Monitoring Program. It first started in the early 1980s with monitoring of the COTS on the GBR, and has continued in various incarnations to cover almost 20 years of continual assessment of benthic organisms and reef fishes. Individual scientists at AIMS also have long-term monitoring within research projects. There has also been a long-term water quality monitoring programme for the GBRMPA, including nutrient concentrations that flow into reef waters from coastal rivers. Monitoring also covers populations of seabirds, turtles, dugongs and fisheries catch statistics. A recent innovation is a combined Australia-USA project of remote sensing (NOAA-NESDIS) combined with real-time recording from AIMS automatic weather stations to identify locations at risk of coral bleaching. This was particularly valuable in providing the locations for direct observation to assess the 2002 coral bleaching event on the GBR. The Government of Western Australia and AIMS also have monitoring programs at Ningaloo Reef, Scott Reef and the Rowley Shoals in Western Australia. There are however, large areas of reefs across northern Australia where there is no monitoring and little baseline information. LEGISLATION AND REGULATION While there are adequate laws and legislation to conserve and manage natural resources in PNG, most of these do not recognise traditional rights. Most are also not specific for coral reefs and are spread across different sectors (e.g. fisheries, mining, environmental protection), thereby leading to confusion over priority of laws and responsibility for management. The government has minimal capacity or will to enforce laws, quotas and regulations, with local communities often assuming the role of enforcing fisheries and MPA regulations. A national surveillance strategy has been suggested which would involve all sectors, but the most effective will continue to be through local communities by expanding community based management programs. 174
Status of Coral Reefs of Australasia USING SCIENCE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE GREAT BARRIER REEF Management of the world’s largest MPA is facilitated by having a single administrating agency, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA), which is supported by strong legislation and some of the best available tropical marine science. However, the MPA is enormous in scale and complexity and it is impossible to have sufficient science to cover all aspects. Thus the task for the resource managers is to develop a mechanism to gather the best available scientific information for management. The GBR Marine Park is one of few in the world in which science plays an important role in management, as the managing authority is committed to ensuring that management decisions are based on the best available science. As a matter of policy, GBRMPA obtains scientific information from external research agencies, consultants and institutions, enabling it to focus on management and coordination. But first it had to identify its specific research and information needs. In 1999/2000, GBRMPA identified and prioritised the research needs for management. The identification of research priorities required the collaboration of government agencies and scientists with extensive knowledge of the GBR and the critical management issues. The major research provider, the Co-operative Research Centre for the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (CRC Reef), was heavily involved in organising interactive workshops to determine the priority management issues, and the information required to address those issues. The next step was to identify the research that would provide the information. Some examples of priorities include: monitoring natural variability and long-term trends of reefs, and associated habitats; understanding critical species like dugong, turtles and seabirds; assessing the major fisheries; measuring environmental parameters like water quality, seawater temperatures and how they interact with the ecosystem; and measuring key social, economic and cultural parameters. The strategic research was widely disseminated on the internet (www.gbrmpa.gov) to ensure that science, management and the community was fully informed. The listing provided the resource managers with a mechanism to be pro-active in seeking the research, and to select which research projects to support and how to use the information. It has also guided scientists wanting to develop research proposals for funding. The priorities form the basis for open discussions between scientists and managers to develop research tasks and continually update the priorities to ensure that results from science are relevant to management needs and produced within relevant timeframes to support management decisions. The process has been useful in focusing GBRMPA managers on the need for science in decision making and ensuring that scientists produce the results that managers require. The greatest benefit is that the discussions between science and management are based on a mutually accepted strategic plan and on the need for partnerships to ensure that the best scientific advice is available for management. From: Alison Green, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, Australia, alison@gbrmpa.gov.au 175
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaii
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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Status of Coral Reefs of Mesoameric
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17. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE EA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Easter
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Status of Coral Reefs in Southern T
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19. SPONSORING ORGANISATIONS, CORAL
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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Ree
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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