#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION Bone D, Croquer A, Klein E, Pérez D, Losada F, Rada M, Cruz JJ, Galindo L, Penchaszadeh P. (2001). Programa Caricomp: monitoreo continuo del Parque nacional Morrocoy. Interciencias 26(10): 457-461. García A. (2001). Enfermedades y otras anomalías que afectan a los corales escleractínidos en algunas localidades del Parque Nacional Los Roques. Trabajo especial de grado, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas. 300 p. Garzón-Ferreira J, Rodríguez-Ramírez A, Bejarano-Chavarro S, Navas-Camacho R, Reyes- Nivia C. (2002). Estado de los arrecifes coralinos en Colombia, año 2001. En: Informe del estado de los recursos marinos y costeros en Colombia, año 2001. INVEMAR, Santa Marta, Ser. Documentos Generales: in press. Glynn P, Maté JL, Baker AC, Calderón MO. (2001). Coral bleaching and mortality in Panamá and Ecuador during the 1997-1998 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event: spatial/temporal patterns and comparisons with the 1982-1983 event. Bull. Mar. Sci. 69(1): 79-109. Guzmán HM, Cortés J. (2001). Changes in reef community structure after fifteen years of natural disturbances in the Eastern Pacific (Costa Rica). Bull. Mar. Sci. 69(1): 133-149. Jiménez C, Cortés J, León A, Ruiz E. (2001). Coral bleaching and mortality associated with the 1997-98 El Niño in an upwelling environment in the Eastern Pacific (Gulf of Papagayo, Costa Rica). Bull. Mar. Sci. 69(1): 151-169. Laboy-Nieves EN, Klein E, Conde JE, Losada F, Cruz JJ, Bone D. (2001). Mass mortality of tropical marine communities in Morrocoy, Venezuela. Bull. Mar. Sci. 68(2): 163-179. Vargas-Angel B, Zapata FA, Hernández H, Jiménez JM.. (2001). Coral and coral reef responses to the 1997-98 El Niño event on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Bull. Mar. Sci. 69(1): 111-132. 356
Status of Coral Reefs in Southern Tropical America WHS COCOS ISLAND NATIONAL PARK, COSTA RICA – WORLD HERITAGE SITE Situated 535km off the southwest coast of Costa Rica, Cocos Island provides critical habitat for marine wildlife, particularly large pelagic fish and sharks. The park includes the main island and 10 nearby offshore islets. Underwater habitat consists of a shallow coral reef with almost no intertidal zone, culminating in sand and rubble at the edge of the several hundred meter deep trench. Studies of the coral fauna organisms have resulted in the identification of 32 species, 9 of them in deep water. The diversity of coral organisms places Cocos Island as one of the areas of major biodiversity in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. The coral fauna group has similarities to that of the Indo-Pacific. Cocos Island National Park was declared a National Park in 1978, but this status alone was not adequate in protecting the marine resources. There have been numerous reports of illegal shark-fin collection. The area was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1997 and due to the continued illegal fishing, conservation organizations rallied for an expansion of the boundaries of the marine reserve. In October 2001 the marine reserve surrounding Cocos Island was officially extended from 15km to 22 km in order to increase the protection of the marine resources. This was also accepted as an extension to the World Heritage site in 2001. A partnership is being negotiated with the National Coast Guard Service and Sea Shepherd Conservation Society for patrolling the marine area and prosecution of illegal fishing boat owners. Ecological Monitoring: The coral reefs of Cocos Island suffered declines as a result of the 1982-83 and 1997-1998 El Niño disturbances. There are no data from area after the El Niños between 1992 and 1995. The reefs will be evaluated again in late 2002. Socio-economic Monitoring: No information reported. Coral reefs are 40% the natural resources. Ecological Monitoring is occasional. Socio-economic Monitoring is not planned. 357
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Status of Coral Reefs of the World:
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FOREWORD Our two governments have r
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CONTENTS Countries, States and Terr
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COUNTRIES, STATES AND TERRITORIES A
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Countries, States and Territories S
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INTRODUCTION We are pleased to endo
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Introduction Some of the larger fou
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Introduction Coral reefs are coming
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CLIVE WILKINSON A
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Executive Summary This report, howe
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Executive Summary GLOBAL AND REGION
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Executive Summary There is clear ev
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Executive Summary Key sites chosen
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Executive Summary • Europa and Sc
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Executive Summary CORAL REEF TARGET
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Executive Summary ICRI OPERATING UN
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Executive Summary COLLAPSE OF CORAL
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Executive Summary Prognosis for the
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Executive Summary concern is an out
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Executive Summary Southern Tropical
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Executive Summary Achievements in E
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7. STATUS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA CORAL R
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Status of Southeast Asia Coral Reef
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8. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN EAST AN
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Status of Coral Reefs in East and N
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9. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF AUSTRAL
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasi
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10. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE SO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Southw
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12. STATUS OF THE CORAL REEFS IN MI
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Status of the Coral Reefs in Micron
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13. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE HA
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Hawaii
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14. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE U.
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Status of Coral Reefs in the US Car
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15. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE NO
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Northe
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16. STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF MESOAM
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#Status of Coral Reefs 2002 - International Coral Reef Action Network

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